%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% File : SPASS-SCL---0.1
% Problem : CSR080+2 : TPTP v9.2.1. Bugfixed v7.3.0.
% Transfm : none
% Format : tptp
% Command : /export/starexec/sandbox/solver/bin/execute.py 300 /export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p
% Computer : n020.cluster.edu
% Model : x86_64 x86_64
% CPU : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2620 v4 2.10GHz
% Memory : 8042.1875MB
% OS : Linux 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
% CPULimit : 300s
% WCLimit : 300s
% DateTime : Thu May 7 07:20:15 PM UTC 2026
% Result : Unknown 2.26s 1.34s
% Output : None
% Verified :
% SZS Type : -
% Comments :
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%----No solution output by system
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%----ORIGINAL SYSTEM OUTPUT
% 0.00/0.09 % Problem : CSR080+2 : TPTP v9.2.1. Bugfixed v7.3.0.
% 0.00/0.10 % Command : /export/starexec/sandbox/solver/bin/execute.py 300 /export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p
% 0.11/0.49 % Computer : n020.cluster.edu
% 0.11/0.49 % Model : x86_64 x86_64
% 0.11/0.49 % CPU : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2620 v4 @ 2.10GHz
% 0.11/0.49 % Memory : 8042.1875MB
% 0.11/0.49 % OS : Linux 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
% 0.11/0.49 % CPULimit : 300
% 0.11/0.49 % WCLimit : 300
% 0.11/0.49 % DateTime : Thu May 7 11:42:40 EDT 2026
% 0.11/0.50 % CPUTime :
% 0.11/0.50 SPASS-SCL-FOL version:
% 0.21/0.59 SPASS-SCL-FOL 0.1 (595c0c7b1) [parallel mode]
% 2.25/1.18 Starting: ./SPASS-SCL-FOL --heuristics_normal -t 300 /export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p
% 2.25/1.18 Starting: ./SPASS-SCL-FOL --heuristics_resolution_1 -t 300 /export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p
% 2.25/1.18 Starting: ./SPASS-SCL-FOL --heuristics_resolution_2 -t 300 /export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p
% 2.25/1.18 Starting: ./SPASS-SCL-FOL --heuristics_resolution_3 -t 300 /export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p
% 2.25/1.18 Starting: ./SPASS-SCL-FOL --heuristics_lmodel_grow -t 300 /export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p
% 2.25/1.18 Execution resolution_1 ended with status: gaveup
% 2.25/1.18 Execution normal ended with status: gaveup
% 2.25/1.18 Execution resolution_2 ended with status: gaveup
% 2.25/1.18 Execution resolution_3 ended with status: gaveup
% 2.25/1.18 Execution lmodel_grow ended with status: gaveup
% 2.25/1.18 No successful execution.
% 2.25/1.18
% 2.25/1.18 Input Clauses:
% 2.26/1.32
% 2.26/1.32 Predicates: s__instance s__domain s__documentation s__subrelation s__immediateInstance s__subclass = s__husband s__wife greater less greatereq lesseq s__smaller s__larger s__immediateSubclass s__valence s__spouse s__relative s__overlapsPartially s__overlapsSpatially s__synonymousExternalConcept s__relatedExternalConcept s__moves s__involvedInEvent s__dislikes s__inScopeOfInterest s__geographicSubregion s__properPart s__most s__part s__grandfather s__grandparent s__names s__refers s__desires s__third s__date s__time s__experimentalControl s__patient s__wavelength s__measure s__postPostcodeArea s__located s__contestParticipant s__agent s__onboard s__deceptiveIdentifier s__partiallyFills s__postContactSite s__siteForContact s__quarter s__sister s__sibling s__losesControl s__experiencer s__mother s__parent s__height s__linearExtent s__during s__temporalPart s__targetInAttack s__member s__fills s__properlyFills s__truth s__property s__geopoliticalSubdivision s__abstractCounterpart s__represents s__stepfather s__legalRelation s__sideOfFigure s__geometricPart s__instrument s__structure s__attribute s__gainsControl s__serviceProvider s__father s__familyRelation s__fears s__expects s__stringConcatenation s__precedesInString s__uncle s__initialList s__subList s__conveyance s__top s__superficialPart s__completelyFills s__alias s__exactlyLocated s__ancestor s__reactant s__resource s__brother s__piece s__direction s__mobilePhoneNumber s__telephoneNumber s__uniqueIdentifier s__titles s__subOrganization s__subCollection s__surface s__postCountry s__cargo s__transported s__result s__emailAddress s__niece s__serviceRecipient s__angleOfFigure s__subsumingExternalConcept s__formerName s__length s__overlapsTemporally s__connected s__effectiveRange s__registeredItem s__realization s__financialAsset s__possesses s__sententialSubject s__grammaticalRelation s__barometricPressure s__arrested s__controlled s__approves s__inString s__mutualStranger s__stranger s__record s__element s__stepmother s__penetrates s__meetsSpatially s__modalAttribute s__considers s__finishes s__subset s__student s__stays s__inhabits s__detainee s__airTemperature s__wants s__domesticPartner s__cohabitant s__believes s__side s__workAddress s__pointOfFigure s__bottom s__subField s__subProposition s__daughter s__mutualAcquaintance s__groupMember s__depth s__distance s__color s__telecomAreaCode s__subString s__component s__manner s__before s__beforeOrEqual s__defendant s__conforms s__waterDepth s__connectedEngineeringComponents s__workPhoneNumber s__localShortName s__acquaintance s__equivalentContentInstance s__subsumesContentInstance s__postNeighborhood s__home s__engineeringSubcomponent s__lacks s__needs s__deviceState s__telecomCoreNumber s__crosses s__traverses s__birthday s__anniversary s__grasps s__attends s__aunt s__partlyLocated s__personalPhoneNumber s__hopes s__knows s__telecomCode2 s__postCity s__interiorPart s__containsInformation s__equivalentContentClass s__subsumesContentClass s__causes s__relatedEvent s__monetaryValue s__temporallyBetween s__temporallyBetweenOrEqual s__postDistrict s__contains s__path s__eventPartlyLocated s__changesLocation s__telecomCountryCode s__powerPlant s__origin s__homePhoneNumber s__starts s__coworker s__altitude s__subsumedExternalConcept s__nephew s__teacher s__width s__friend s__cousin s__plaintiff s__grandmother s__weight s__son s__middleName s__reagent s__destination s__age s__disapproves s__diameter s__connectsEngineeringComponents s__connects s__subPlan s__familyName s__eventLocated s__givenName s__enjoys s__half s__localLongName s__sententialObject s__headquartersOfOrganization s__developmentalForm s__homeAddress s__telecomContactDevice s__domainSubclass s__range s__rangeSubclass s__disjoint s__relatedInternalConcept s__disjointRelation s__ancestorOrganization s__increasesLikelihood s__independentProbability s__decreasesLikelihood s__subAttribute s__successorAttribute s__deprivesNorm s__confersNorm s__contraryAttribute_1 s__inList s__contraryAttribute_2 s__contraryAttribute_3 s__contraryAttribute_4 s__contraryAttribute_5 s__contraryAttribute_6 s__contraryAttribute_7 s__identicalListItems s__exhaustiveAttribute_2 s__exhaustiveAttribute_3 s__exhaustiveAttribute_4 s__exhaustiveAttribute_5 s__exhaustiveAttribute_6 s__exhaustiveAttribute_7 s__exhaustiveAttribute_8 s__exhaustiveDecomposition_1 s__exhaustiveDecomposition_2 s__exhaustiveDecomposition_3 s__exhaustiveDecomposition_4 s__exhaustiveDecomposition_5 s__exhaustiveDecomposition_6 s__exhaustiveDecomposition_7 s__disjointDecomposition_1 s__disjointDecomposition_2 s__disjointDecomposition_3 s__disjointDecomposition_4 s__disjointDecomposition_5 s__disjointDecomposition_6 s__disjointDecomposition_7 s__partition_1 s__partition_2 s__partition_3 s__partition_4 s__partition_5 s__partition_6 s__partition_7 s__successorAttributeClosure s__greaterThanByQuality s__hole s__material s__trichotomizingOn s__inverse s__protonNumber s__arcWeight s__conclusion s__humanCapacity s__transactionAmount s__leader s__radius s__electronNumber s__geometricDistance s__stringLength s__intelligenceQuotient s__average s__lineMeasure s__angularMeasure s__duration s__premise s__subGraph s__copy s__cooccur s__subProcess s__faxNumber s__insured s__authors s__postAddressText s__operator s__hostileForces s__reflexiveOn s__causesSubclass s__closedOn s__doubts s__holdsObligation s__irreflexiveOn s__causesProposition s__precondition s__earlier s__benefits s__editor s__atomicNumber s__holdsRight s__publishes s__holdsDuring s__hasSkill s__exploits s__uses s__pathLength s__telecomExtension s__frequency s__conjugate s__postStreet s__citizen s__postPostOfficeBox s__equivalenceRelationOn s__expressedInLanguage s__totalOrderingOn s__prevents s__hasPurpose s__graphPart s__neighbor s__partialOrderingOn s__postStreetNumber s__identityElement s__customer s__yearOfFounding s__meetsTemporally s__deviceTelecomNumber s__inhibits s__version s__consistent s__legalGuardian s__stored s__multiplicativeFactor s__conditionalProbability s__prefers s__hasPurposeForAgent s__exhaustiveDecomposition_8 s__disjointDecomposition_8 s__affiliatedOrganization s__commentator s__discovers s__meltingPoint s__fleetSize s__graphMeasure s__format s__medicalPatient s__hasAward s__memberTypeCount s__carries s__playsRoleInEventOfType s__agreementClause s__constructionPeriod s__ideologicalAffiliationOfOrganization s__termFormat s__monetaryWage s__representsInLanguage s__hasExpertise s__occupiesPosition s__comment s__contractor s__locatedAtTime s__landlord s__equipmentCount s__agreementPeriod s__floorCode s__tangent s__subordinateInOrganization s__faces s__birthdate s__between s__playsRoleInEvent s__representsForAgent s__subordinatePosition s__subSystem s__externalImage s__policyOwner s__religiousAffiliationOfOrganization s__agreementEffectiveDate s__orientation s__older s__pointOfIntersection s__canonicalPlaceName s__patientMedical s__memberType s__employs s__memberAtTime s__deathdate s__agreementExpirationDate s__voltageMeasure s__equipmentType s__entails s__wears s__issuedBy s__allegiance s__areaOfResponsibility s__occupation s__speaksLanguage s__partyToAgreement s__systemPart s__parasite s__describes s__betweenOnPath s__price s__inventory s__confersRight s__memberCount s__measurementReading s__birthplace s__deathplace s__dateUsed s__confersObligation s__sliceOfFigure s__parallel s__hasOccupation s__links s__distributes s__axis s__capacity s__capability s__unitNumber s__boilingPoint s__hasUniform s__potentialOfHydrogen s__tenant s__dateEstablished s__secretesSubstance s__exhaustiveAttribute_1 s__equals s__creator s__abstractPart s__loss s__meatOfAnimal s__initiallyContainsPart s__initialPart s__typicallyContainsPart s__profit s__distanceOnPath s__typicalPart s__abbreviation s__conventionalShortName ren1 ren2 ren3 ren4 ren5 ren6 ren7 ren8 ren9 ren10 ren11 ren12 ren13 ren14 ren15 ren16 ren17 ren18 ren19 ren20 ren21 ren22 ren23 ren24 ren25 ren26 ren27 ren28 ren29 ren30 ren31 ren32 ren33 ren34 ren35 ren36 ren37 ren38 ren39 ren40 ren41 ren42 ren43 ren44 ren45 ren46 ren47 ren48 ren49 ren50 ren51 ren52 ren53 ren54 ren55 ren56 ren57 ren58 ren59 ren60 ren61 ren62 ren63 ren64 ren65 ren66 ren67 ren68 ren69 ren70 ren71 ren72 ren73 ren74 ren75 ren76 ren77 ren78 ren79 ren80 ren81 ren82 ren83 ren84 ren85 ren86 ren87 ren88 ren89 ren90 ren91 ren92 ren93 ren94 ren95 ren96 ren97 ren98 ren99 ren100 ren101 ren102 ren103 ren104 ren105 ren106 ren107 ren108 ren109 ren110 ren111 ren112 ren113 ren114 ren115 ren116 ren117 ren118 ren119 ren120 ren121 ren122 ren123 ren124 ren125 ren126 ren127 ren128 ren129 ren130 ren131 ren132 ren133 ren134 ren135 ren136 ren137 ren138 ren139 ren140 ren141 ren142 ren143 ren144 ren145 ren146 ren147 ren148 ren149 ren150 ren151 ren152 ren153 ren154 ren155 ren156 ren157 ren158 ren159 ren160 ren161 ren162 ren163 ren164 ren165 ren166 ren167 ren168 ren169 ren170 ren171 ren172 ren173 ren174 ren175 ren176 ren177 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ren1281 ren1282 ren1283
% 2.26/1.32 Fol Constants: s__instance__m s__BinaryPredicate "1" s__Entity "2" s__SetOrClass s__EnglishLanguage 'An object is an &%instance of a &%SetOrClass if it is included in that &%SetOrClass. An individual may be an instance of many classes, some of which may be subclasses of others. Thus, there is no assumption in the meaning of &%instance about specificity or uniqueness.' s__immediateInstance__m s__AsymmetricRelation s__IntransitiveRelation 'An object is an &%immediateInstance of a &%SetOrClass if it is an instance of the &%SetOrClass and it is not an instance of a proper subclass of &%SetOrClass.' s__inverse__m s__IrreflexiveRelation s__SymmetricRelation s__BinaryRelation 'The inverse of a &%BinaryRelation is a relation in which all the tuples of the original relation are reversed. In other words, one &%BinaryRelation is the inverse of another if they are equivalent when their arguments are swapped.' s__Woman s__Man s__Quantity s__Object s__subclass__m s__PartialOrderingRelation '(&%subclass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2) means that ?CLASS1 is a subclass of ?CLASS2, i.e. every instance of ?CLASS1 is also an instance of ?CLASS2. A class may have multiple superclasses and subclasses.' s__immediateSubclass__m s__IntransitiveRelation__t 'A &%SetOrClass ?CLASS1 is an &%immediateSubclass of another &%SetOrClass ?CLASS2 just in case ?CLASS1 is a subclass of ?CLASS2 and there is no other subclass of ?CLASS2 such that ?CLASS1 is also a subclass of it.' s__subrelation__m s__Relation '(&%subrelation ?REL1 ?REL2) means that every tuple of ?REL1 is also a tuple of ?REL2. In other words, if the &%Relation ?REL1 holds for some arguments arg_1, arg_2, ... arg_n, then the &%Relation ?REL2 holds for the same arguments. A consequence of this is that a &%Relation and its subrelations must have the same &%valence.' s__PositiveInteger s__Human s__Language s__SymbolicString s__Motion s__CognitiveAgent s__GeographicArea s__Formula s__Day s__Physical s__Experimenting s__LengthMeasure s__Radiating s__PostcodeArea s__PostalPlace s__Agent s__Contest s__Vehicle s__SelfConnectedObject s__ContentBearingObject s__Hole s__ChangeOfControl s__Organism s__Process s__TimeInterval s__Collection s__TruthValue s__Sentence s__GeopoliticalArea s__Abstract s__GeometricFigure s__OneDimensionalFigure s__StructureAttribute s__AchievingControl s__ServiceProcess s__List s__TransportationDevice s__Transportation s__Substance s__ChemicalProcess s__DirectionalAttribute s__TelecomNumber s__ContentBearingPhysical s__Organization s__Shipping s__TwoDimensionalAngle s__Device s__Text s__Proposition s__NounPhrase s__UnitOfAtmosphericPressure s__PlacingUnderArrest s__Character s__Set s__NormativeAttribute s__Attribute s__EducationalOrganization s__TemporaryResidence s__Animal s__Confining s__TemperatureMeasure s__GeometricPoint s__FieldOfStudy s__GroupOfPeople s__ColorAttribute s__CorpuscularObject s__TimePoint s__LegalAction s__WaterArea s__EngineeringComponent s__Neighborhood s__PermanentResidence s__DeviceStateAttribute s__Demonstrating s__City s__CurrencyMeasure s__StateOrProvince s__Translocation s__Artifact s__MassMeasure s__TimeDuration s__Circle s__EngineeringConnection s__Plan s__IntentionalProcess s__DevelopmentalAttribute s__OrganicObject s__TelephonyDevice s__InheritableRelation s__domain__m s__TernaryPredicate "3" 'Provides a computationally and heuristically convenient mechanism for declaring the argument types of a given relation. The formula (&%domain ?REL ?INT ?CLASS) means that the ?INTth element of each tuple in the relation ?REL must be an instance of ?CLASS. Specifying argument types is very helpful in maintaining ontologies. Representation systems can use these specifications to classify terms and check integrity constraints. If the restriction on the argument type of a &%Relation is not captured by a &%SetOrClass already defined in the ontology, one can specify a &%SetOrClass compositionally with the functions &%UnionFn, &%IntersectionFn, etc.' s__domainSubclass__m '&%Predicate used to specify argument type restrictions of &%Predicates. The formula (&%domainSubclass ?REL ?INT ?CLASS) means that the ?INTth element of each tuple in the relation ?REL must be a subclass of ?CLASS.' s__range__m s__Function 'Gives the range of a function. In other words, (&%range ?FUNCTION ?CLASS) means that all of the values assigned by ?FUNCTION are &%instances of ?CLASS.' s__rangeSubclass__m '(&%rangeSubclass ?FUNCTION ?CLASS) means that all of the values assigned by ?FUNCTION are &%subclasses of ?CLASS.' s__valence__m s__SingleValuedRelation 'Specifies the number of arguments that a relation can take. If a relation does not have a fixed number of arguments, it does not have a valence and it is an instance of &%VariableArityRelation.' s__documentation__m s__HumanLanguage 'A relation between objects in the domain of discourse and strings of natural language text stated in a particular &%HumanLanguage. The domain of &%documentation is not constants (names), but the objects themselves. This means that one does not quote the names when associating them with their documentation.' s__format__m 'A relation that specifies how to present an expression in a natural language format.' s__termFormat__m 'A relation that specifies how to present a term in a natural language format.' s__disjoint__m '&%Classes are &%disjoint only if they share no instances, i.e. just in case the result of applying &%IntersectionFn to them is empty.' s__disjointRelation__m 'This predicate relates two &%Relations. (&%disjointRelation ?REL1 ?REL2) means that the two relations have no tuples in common.' s__spouse__m s__domesticPartner__m s__dislikes__m s__wants__m s__resource__m s__result__m s__subsumedExternalConcept__m s__subsumingExternalConcept__m s__ancestorOrganization__m s__subOrganization__m s__crosses__m s__connected__m s__synonymousExternalConcept__m s__increasesLikelihood__m s__independentProbability__m s__instrument__m s__decreasesLikelihood__m s__manner__m s__attribute__m s__stranger__m s__acquaintance__m s__subAttribute__m s__successorAttribute__m s__meetsSpatially__m s__overlapsSpatially__m s__mutualStranger__m s__mutualAcquaintance__m s__ObjectiveNorm s__deprivesNorm__m s__confersNorm__m s__stays__m s__home__m s__disapproves__m s__desires__m s__contraryAttribute__m s__Predicate s__Predicate__t s__VariableArityRelation s__VariableArityRelation__t 'A &%contraryAttribute is a set of &%Attributes such that something can not simultaneously have more than one of these &%Attributes. For example, (&%contraryAttribute &%Pliable &%Rigid) means that nothing can be both &%Pliable and &%Rigid.' s__exhaustiveAttribute__m 'This predicate relates a &%Class to a set of &%Attributes, and it means that the elements of this set exhaust the instances of the &%Class. For example, (&%exhaustiveAttribute &%PhysicalState &%Solid &%Fluid &%Liquid &%Gas &%Plasma) means that there are only five instances of the class &%PhysicalState, viz. &%Solid, &%Fluid, &%Liquid, &%Gas and &%Plasma.' s__exhaustiveDecomposition__m s__Class s__partition__m 'An &%exhaustiveDecomposition of a &%Class C is a set of subclasses of C such that every instance of C is an instance of one of the subclasses in the set. Note: this does not necessarily mean that the elements of the set are disjoint (see &%partition - a &%partition is a disjoint exhaustive decomposition).' s__disjointDecomposition__m 'A &%disjointDecomposition of a &%Class C is a set of subclasses of C that are mutually &%disjoint.' 'A &%partition of a class C is a set of mutually &%disjoint classes (a subclass partition) which covers C. Every instance of C is an instance of exactly one of the subclasses in the partition.' s__relatedInternalConcept__m s__EquivalenceRelation 'Means that the two arguments are related concepts within the SUMO, i.e. there is a significant similarity of meaning between them. To indicate a meaning relation between a SUMO concept and a concept from another source, use the Predicate &%relatedExternalConcept.' s__relatedExternalConcept__m 'Used to signify a three-place relation between a concept in an external knowledge source, a concept in the SUMO, and the name of the other knowledge source.' '(&%synonymousExternalConcept ?STRING ?THING ?LANGUAGE) means that the SUMO concept ?THING has the same meaning as ?STRING in ?LANGUAGE.' '(&%subsumingExternalConcept ?STRING ?THING ?LANGUAGE) means that the SUMO concept ?THING subsumes the meaning of ?STRING in ?LANGUAGE, i.e. the concept ?THING is broader in meaning than ?STRING.' '(&%subsumedExternalConcept ?STRING ?THING ?LANGUAGE) means that the SUMO concept ?THING is subsumed by the meaning of ?STRING in ?LANGUAGE, i.e. the concept ?THING is narrower in meaning than ?STRING.' s__externalImage__m 'A link between an Entity and a URL that represents or exemplifies the term in some way.' 'Means that the second argument can be ascribed to everything which has the first argument ascribed to it.' '(&%successorAttribute ?ATTR1 ?ATTR2) means that ?ATTR2 is the &%Attribute that comes immediately after ?ATTR1 on the scale that they share.' s__successorAttributeClosure__m s__TransitiveRelation 'The transitive closure of &%successorAttribute. (&%successorAttributeClosure ?ATTR1 ?ATTR2) means that there is a chain of &%successorAttribute assertions connecting ?ATTR1 and ?ATTR2.' s__greaterThanByQuality__m '(greaterThanByQuality ?ENTITY1 ?ENTITY2 ?ATT) means that ?ENTITY1 has more of the given quality ?ATT than ?ENTITY2)' s__entails__m 'The operator of logical entailment. (&%entails ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2) means that ?FORMULA2 can be derived from ?FORMULA1 by means of the proof theory of SUO-KIF.' s__AssignmentFn__m s__Function__t 'If F is a &%Function with a value for the objects denoted by N1,..., NK, then (&%AssignmentFn F N1 ... NK) is the value of applying F to the objects denoted by N1,..., NK. Otherwise, the value is undefined.' s__PowerSetFn__m s__UnaryFunction s__TotalValuedRelation '(&%PowerSetFn ?CLASS) maps the &%SetOrClass ?CLASS to the &%SetOrClass of all &%subclasses of ?CLASS.' 'The universal class of individuals. This is the root node of the ontology.' s__Physical__t 'An entity that has a location in space-time. Note that locations are themselves understood to have a location in space-time.' s__TimePosition 'Corresponds roughly to the class of ordinary objects. Examples include normal physical objects, geographical regions, and locations of &%Processes, the complement of &%Objects in the &%Physical class. In a 4D ontology, an &%Object is something whose spatiotemporal extent is thought of as dividing into spatial parts roughly parallel to the time-axis.' s__SelfConnectedObject__t 'A &%SelfConnectedObject is any &%Object that does not consist of two or more disconnected parts.' s__OrganicThing 'A &%SelfConnectedObject that is produced by a non-intentional process from an &%Organism. Note that this refers only to the primary cause. That is, a &%PlantAgriculturalProduct is firstly produced by a &%Plant, and only secondarily by a &%Human that is tending the plant.' s__FrontFn__m s__SpatialRelation s__SpatialRelation__t s__PartialValuedRelation 'A &%Function that maps an &%Object to the side that generally receives the most attention or that typically faces the direction in which the &%Object moves. Note that this is a partial function, since some &%Objects do not have sides, e.g. apples and spheres. Note too that the &%range of this &%Function is indefinite in much the way that &%ImmediateFutureFn and &%ImmediatePastFn are indefinite. Although this indefiniteness is undesirable from a theoretical standpoint, it does not have significant practical implications, since there is widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common cases.' s__BackFn__m s__PartialValuedRelation__t 'A &%Function that maps an &%Object to the side that is opposite the &%FrontFn of the &%Object. Note that this is a partial function, since some &%Objects do not have sides, e.g. apples and spheres. Note too that the &%range of this &%Function is indefinite in much the way that &%ImmediateFutureFn and &%ImmediatePastFn are indefinite. Although this indefiniteness is undesirable from a theoretical standpoint, it does not have significant practical implications, since there is widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common cases.' s__part__m 'The basic mereological relation. All other mereological relations are defined in terms of this one. (&%part ?PART ?WHOLE) simply means that the &%Object ?PART is part of the &%Object ?WHOLE. Note that, since &%part is a &%ReflexiveRelation, every &%Object is a part of itself.' s__properPart__m '(&%properPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is a part of ?OBJ2 other than ?OBJ2 itself. This is a &%TransitiveRelation and &%AsymmetricRelation (hence an &%IrreflexiveRelation).' s__piece__m 'A specialized common sense notion of part for arbitrary parts of &%Substances. Quasi-synonyms are: chunk, hunk, bit, etc. Compare &%component, another subrelation of &%part.' s__component__m 'A specialized common sense notion of part for heterogeneous parts of complexes. (&%component ?COMPONENT ?WHOLE) means that ?COMPONENT is a component of ?WHOLE. Examples of component include the doors and walls of a house, the states or provinces of a country, or the limbs and organs of an animal. Compare &%piece, which is also a subrelation of &%part.' s__material__m '(&%material ?SUBSTANCE ?OBJECT) means that ?OBJECT is structurally made up in part of ?SUBSTANCE. This relation encompasses the concepts of composed of, made of, and formed of. For example, plastic is a &%material of my computer monitor. Compare &%part and its subrelations, viz &%component and &%piece.' s__contains__m s__partlyLocated__m 'The relation of spatial containment for two separable objects. When the two objects are not separable (e.g. an automobile and one of its seats), the relation of &%part should be used. (&%contains ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that the &%SelfConnectedObject ?OBJ1 has a space (i.e. a &%Hole) which is at least partially filled by ?OBJ2.' s__PureSubstance s__Mixture s__SyntheticSubstance s__NaturalSubstance 'An &%Object in which every part is similar to every other in every relevant respect. More precisely, something is a &%Substance when it has only arbitrary pieces as parts - any parts have properties which are similar to those of the whole. Note that a &%Substance may nonetheless have physical properties that vary. For example, the temperature, chemical constitution, density, etc. may change from one part to another. An example would be a body of water.' s__SyntheticSubstance__t 'Any &%Substance that is the result of an &%IntentionalProcess, i.e. any substance that is created by &%Humans.' s__NaturalSubstance__t 'Any &%Substance that is not the result of an &%IntentionalProcess, i.e. any substance that occurs naturally.' s__PureSubstance__t s__CompoundSubstance s__ElementalSubstance 'The &%Class of &%Substances with constant composition. A &%PureSubstance can be either an element (&%ElementalSubstance) or a compound of elements (&%CompoundSubstance). Examples: Table salt (sodium chloride, NaCl), sugar (sucrose, C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}), water (H_2O), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and oxygen (O_2).' 'The &%Class of &%PureSubstances that cannot be separated into two or more &%Substances by ordinary chemical (or physical) means. This excludes nuclear reactions. &%ElementalSubstances are composed of only one kind of atom. Examples: Iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and oxygen (O_2). &%ElementalSubstances are the simplest &%PureSubstances.' s__Metal s__Metal__t 'A &%Metal is an &%ElementalSubstance that conducts heat and electricity, is shiny and reflects many colors of light, and can be hammered into sheets or drawn into wire. About 80% of the known chemical elements (&%ElementalSubstances) are metals.' s__Atom s__Atom__t s__ElementalSubstance__t 'An extremely small unit of matter that retains its identity in Chemical reactions. It consists of an &%AtomicNucleus and &%Electrons surrounding the &%AtomicNucleus.' s__Proton s__Electron s__AtomicNucleus s__SubatomicParticle 'The class of &%ElementalSubstances that are smaller than &%Atoms and compose &%Atoms.' s__AtomicNucleus__t 'The core of the &%Atom. It is composed of &%Protons and &%Neutrons.' s__Neutron s__Electron__t '&%SubatomicParticles that surround the &%AtomicNucleus. They have a negative charge.' s__Proton__t s__SubatomicParticle__t 'Components of the &%AtomicNucleus. They have a positive charge.' s__Neutron__t 'Components of the &%AtomicNucleus. They have no charge.' 'The &%Class of &%Substances that contain two or more elements (&%ElementalSubstances), in definite proportion by weight. The composition of a pure compound will be invariant, regardless of the method of preparation. Compounds are composed of more than one kind of atom (element). The term molecule is often used for the smallest unit of a compound that still retains all of the properties of the compound. Examples: Table salt (sodium chloride, NaCl), sugar (sucrose, C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}), and water (H_2O). ' 'A &%Mixture is two or more &%PureSubstances, combined in varying proportions - each retaining its own specific properties. The components of a &%Mixture can be separated by physical means, i.e. without the making and breaking of chemical bonds. Examples: Air, table salt thoroughly dissolved in water, milk, wood, and concrete. ' 'A &%SelfConnectedObject whose parts have properties that are not shared by the whole.' s__Region 'A topographic location. &%Regions encompass surfaces of &%Objects, imaginary places, and &%GeographicAreas. Note that a &%Region is the only kind of &%Object which can be located at itself. Note too that &%Region is not a subclass of &%SelfConnectedObject, because some &%Regions, e.g. archipelagos, have &%parts which are not &%connected with one another.' s__Collection__t 'Collections have &%members like &%Classes, but, unlike &%Classes, they have a position in space-time and &%members can be added and subtracted without thereby changing the identity of the &%Collection. Some examples are toolkits, football teams, and flocks of sheep.' s__member__m s__element__m 'A specialized common sense notion of part for uniform parts of &%Collections. For example, each sheep in a flock of sheep would have the relationship of member to the flock.' s__subCollection__m '(&%subCollection ?COLL1 ?COLL2) means that the &%Collection ?COLL1 is a proper part of the &%Collection ?COLL2.' 'Any &%Object or &%Process that expresses content. This covers &%Objects that contain a &%Proposition, such as a book, as well as &%ManualSignLanguage, which may similarly contain a &%Proposition.' s__ContentBearingProcess s__ContentBearingProcess__t 'Any &%Process, for example &%ManualHumanLanguage, which may contain a &%Proposition.' s__containsInformation__m 'Any &%SelfConnectedObject that expresses content. This content may be a &%Proposition, e.g. when the &%ContentBearingObject is a &%Sentence or &%Text, or it may be a representation of an abstract or physical object, as with an &%Icon, a &%Word or a &%Phrase.' 'The &%Class of alphanumeric sequences.' s__Character__t s__SymbolicString__t 'An element of an alphabet, a set of numerals, etc. Note that a &%Character may or may not be part of a &%Language. &%Character is a subclass of &%SymbolicString, because every instance of &%Character is an alphanumeric sequence consisting of a single element.' s__represents__m 'A subrelation of &%represents. This predicate relates a &%ContentBearingPhysical to the &%Proposition that is expressed by the &%ContentBearingPhysical. Examples include the relationships between a physical novel and its story and between a printed score and its musical content.' s__Icon s__Icon__t s__ContentBearingPhysical__t 'This is the subclass of &%ContentBearingPhysical which are not part of a &%Language and which have some sort of similarity with the &%Objects that they represent. This &%Class would include symbolic roadway signs, representational art works, photographs, etc.' s__MotionPicture s__MotionPicture__t 'A &%ContentBearingObject which depicts motion (and which may have an audio or text component as well). This &%Class covers films, videos, etc.' s__LinguisticExpression 'This is the subclass of &%ContentBearingPhysical which are language-related. Note that this &%Class encompasses both &%Language and the the elements of &%Languages, e.g. &%Words.' s__AnimalLanguage s__ComputerLanguage 'A system of signs for expressing thought. The system can be either natural or artificial, i.e. something that emerges gradually as a cultural artifact or something that is intentionally created by a person or group of people.' s__AnimalLanguage__t 'The &%subclass of &%Languages used by &%Animals other than &%Humans.' s__ArtificialLanguage s__ArtificialLanguage__t 'The &%subclass of &%Languages that are designed by &%Humans.' s__ComputerLanguage__t 'The class of &%Languages designed for and interpreted by a computer.' s__Machine s__HumanLanguage__t s__Language__t s__NaturalLanguage s__ConstructedLanguage s__SpokenHumanLanguage s__ManualHumanLanguage 'The &%subclass of &%Languages used by &%Humans.' s__ConstructedLanguage__t 'An &%ConstructedLanguage is a &%HumanLanguage that did not evolve spontaneously within a language community, but rather had its core grammar and vocabulary invented by one or more language experts, often with an aim to produce a more grammatically regular language than any language that has evolved naturally. This &%Class includes languages like Esperanto that were created to facilitate international communication' s__Planning 'The &%subclass of &%HumanLanguages which are not designed and which evolve from generation to generation. This &%Class includes all of the national languages, e.g. English, Spanish, Japanese, etc. Note that this class includes dialects of natural languages.' s__ManualHumanLanguage__t 'A &%ManualHumanLanguage is a &%HumanLanguage which has as its medium gestures and movement, such as the shape, position, and movement of the hands.' 'A &%SpokenHumanLanguage is a &%HumanLanguage which has as its medium the human voice. It can also berepresented visually through writing, although not all &%SpokenHumanLanguages have a codified written form.' s__NaturalLanguage__t s__SpokenHumanLanguage__t 'A Germanic language that incorporates many roots from the Romance languages. It is the official language of the &%UnitedStates, the &%UnitedKingdom, and many other countries.' s__Word 'A term of a &%Language that represents a concept.' s__Formula__t 'A syntactically well-formed formula in the SUO-KIF knowledge representation language.' 'Something or someone that can act on its own and produce changes in the world.' s__SentientAgent 'A &%SentientAgent is an &%Agent that is capable of &%Perception and experiences some level of consciousness (see &%ConsciousnessAttribute). If the &%Agent is able to reason at a comparatively high level (evinced by the ability to learn, plan, and feel emotions), then it is also an instance of &%CognitiveAgent. A &%DomesticAnimal is a &%SentientAgent, but may or may not be a &%CognitiveAgent, depending on the type of &%Animal.' s__SentientAgent__t 'A &%CognitiveAgent is an &%Agent that has the ability to reason, deliberate, make plans, and experience emotions. Although &%Human is a subclass of &%CognitiveAgent, there may be instances of &%CognitiveAgent which are not also instances of &%Human. For example, &%Primates, dolphins, whales, and some extraterrestrials (if they exist) might be considered &%CognitiveAgents.' s__LegalAgent 'A &%LegalAgent is an &%Agent that is allowed by law to to act and be treated as a legal person for certain purposes, such as being a party to a lawsuit, owning property, and entering into a contract. Typically, a &%LegalAgent is either an adult &%Human or some type of &%Organization. Depending on the prevailing legal system in a given time and location, &%Humans in general, as well as other &%CognitiveAgents, typically will have additional legal rights and obligations beyond those accorded to &%LegalAgents. See the Wikipedia description of <a href=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juristic_person>Juristic person</a>.' s__leader__m '(&%leader ?INSTITUTION ?PERSON) means that the leader of ?INSTITUTION is ?PERSON.' 'The class of things that happen and have temporal parts or stages. Examples include extended events like a football match or a race, actions like &%Pursuing and &%Reading, and biological processes. The formal definition is: anything that occurs in time but is not an &%Object. Note that a &%Process may have participants inside it which are &%Objects, such as the players in a football match. In a 4D ontology, a &%Process is something whose spatiotemporal extent is thought of as dividing into temporal stages roughly perpendicular to the time-axis.' s__DualObjectProcess 'Any &%Process that requires two, nonidentical &%patients.' s__SingleAgentProcess s__SingleAgentProcess__t '&%SingleAgentProcess is the &%Class of all &%Processes that require exactly one &%agent in order to occur.' s__Abstract__t s__Entity__t 'Properties or qualities as distinguished from any particular embodiment of the properties/qualities in a physical medium. Instances of Abstract can be said to exist in the same sense as mathematical objects such as sets and relations, but they cannot exist at a particular place and time without some physical encoding or embodiment.' 'Any specification of how many or how much of something there is. Accordingly, there are two subclasses of &%Quantity: &%Number (how many) and &%PhysicalQuantity (how much).' s__InternalAttribute s__RelationalAttribute 'Qualities which we cannot or choose not to reify into subclasses of &%Object.' s__property__m 'This &%Predicate holds between an instance of &%Entity and an instance of &%Attribute. (&%property ?ENTITY ?ATTR) means that ?ENTITY has the &%Attribute ?ATTR.' '(&%attribute ?OBJECT ?PROPERTY) means that ?PROPERTY is a &%Attribute of ?OBJECT. For example, (&%attribute &%MyLittleRedWagon &%Red).' '(&%manner ?PROCESS ?MANNER) means that the &%Process ?PROCESS is qualified by the &%Attribute ?MANNER. The &%Attributes of &%Processes are usually denoted by adverbs and include things like the speed of the wind, the style of a dance, or the intensity of a sports competition.' s__ExtensionFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps an &%Attribute into the &%Class whose condition for membership is the &%Attribute.' s__InternalAttribute__t s__Attribute__t 'Any &%Attribute of an &%Entity that is an internal property of the &%Entity, e.g. its shape, its color, its fragility, etc.' s__PhysicalAttribute 'An &%InternalAttribute given by physical properties of the object.' s__PhysicalAttribute__t 'Any &%Attribute that an &%Entity has by virtue of a relationship that it bears to another &%Entity or set of &%Entities, e.g. &%SocialRoles and &%PositionalAttributes.' s__Number s__RealNumber s__ImaginaryNumber s__ComplexNumber 'A measure of how many things there are, or how much there is, of a certain kind. &%Numbers are subclassed into &%RealNumber, &%ComplexNumber, and &%ImaginaryNumber.' less__m s__RelationExtendedToQuantities '(&%lessThan ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is true just in case the &%Quantity ?NUMBER1 is less than the &%Quantity ?NUMBER2.' greater__m '(&%greaterThan ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is true just in case the &%Quantity ?NUMBER1 is greater than the &%Quantity ?NUMBER2.' lesseq__m '(&%lessThanOrEqualTo ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is true just in case the &%Quantity ?NUMBER1 is less than or equal to the &%Quantity ?NUMBER2.' greatereq__m '(&%greaterThanOrEqualTo ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is true just in case the &%Quantity ?NUMBER1 is greater than the &%Quantity ?NUMBER2.' s__NegativeRealNumber s__NonnegativeRealNumber s__RationalNumber s__IrrationalNumber 'Any &%Number that can be expressed as a (possibly infinite) decimal, i.e. any &%Number that has a position on the number line.' s__ImaginaryNumber__t 'Any &%Number that is the result of multiplying a &%RealNumber by the square root of -1.' "-1" s__RationalNumber__t 'Any &%RealNumber that is the product of dividing two &%Integers.' s__IrrationalNumber__t 'Any &%RealNumber that is not also a &%RationalNumber.' s__NonnegativeRealNumber__t 'A &%RealNumber that is greater than or equal to zero.' "0" s__PositiveRealNumber 'A &%RealNumber that is greater than zero.' s__NegativeRealNumber__t 'A &%RealNumber that is less than zero.' s__Integer s__OddInteger s__EvenInteger s__NegativeInteger s__NonnegativeInteger 'A negative or nonnegative whole number.' s__EvenInteger__t 'An &%Integer that is evenly divisible by 2.' s__OddInteger__t s__Integer__t 'An &%Integer that is not evenly divisible by 2.' s__PrimeNumber s__PrimeNumber__t 'An &%Integer that is evenly divisible only by itself and 1.' s__NonnegativeInteger__t 'An &%Integer that is greater than or equal to zero.' s__NegativeInteger__t 'An &%Integer that is less than zero.' s__PositiveInteger__t 'An &%Integer that is greater than zero.' s__BinaryNumber s__BinaryNumber__t s__RealNumber__t 'Elements from the number system with base 2. Every &%BinaryNumber is expressed as a sequence of the digits 1 and 0.' s__ComplexNumber__t s__Number__t 'A &%Number that has the form: x + yi, where x and y are &%RealNumbers and i is the square root of -1.' s__PhysicalQuantity s__PhysicalQuantity__t s__Quantity__t s__ConstantQuantity s__FunctionQuantity 'A &%PhysicalQuantity is a measure of some quantifiable aspect of the modeled world, such as the earths diameter (a constant length) and the stress in a loaded deformable solid (a measure of stress, which is a function of three spatial coordinates). Every &%PhysicalQuantity is either a &%ConstantQuantity or &%FunctionQuantity. Instances of &%ConstantQuantity are dependent on a &%UnitOfMeasure, while instances of &%FunctionQuantity are &%Functions that map instances of &%ConstantQuantity to other instances of &%ConstantQuantity (e.g., a &%TimeDependentQuantity is a &%FunctionQuantity). Although the name and definition of &%PhysicalQuantity is borrowed from physics, a &%PhysicalQuantity need not be material. Aside from the dimensions of length, time, velocity, etc., nonphysical dimensions such as currency are also possible. Accordingly, amounts of money would be instances of &%PhysicalQuantity. A &%PhysicalQuantity is distinguished from a pure &%Number by the fact that the former is associated with a dimension of measurement.' 'A &%ConstantQuantity is a &%PhysicalQuantity that has a constant value, e.g. 3 &%Meters and 5 &%HourDurations. The magnitude (see &%MagnitudeFn) of every &%ConstantQuantity is a &%RealNumber. &%ConstantQuantity is distinguished from &%FunctionQuantity, in that each instance of the latter is formed through the mapping of one &%PhysicalQuantity to another &%PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of &%ConstantQuantity is expressed with the &%BinaryFunction &%MeasureFn, which takes a &%Number and a &%UnitOfMeasure as arguments. For example, 3 &%Meters is expressed as (&%MeasureFn 3 &%Meter). Instances of &%ConstantQuantity form a partial order (see &%PartialOrderingRelation) with the &%lessThan relation, since &%lessThan is a &%RelationExtendedToQuantities and &%lessThan is defined over the &%RealNumbers. The &%lessThan relation is not a total order (see &%TotalOrderingRelation) over the class &%ConstantQuantity since elements of some subclasses of &%ConstantQuantity (such as length quantities) are incomparable to elements of other subclasses of &%ConstantQuantity (such as mass quantities).' s__TimeMeasure s__TimeMeasure__t 'The class of temporal durations (instances of &%TimeDuration) and positions of &%TimePoints and &%TimeIntervals along the universal timeline (instances of &%TimePosition).' s__TimeDuration__t 'Any measure of length of time, with or without respect to the universal timeline.' 'Any &%TimePoint or &%TimeInterval along the universal timeline from &%NegativeInfinity to &%PositiveInfinity.' s__TimeInterval__t s__TimePosition__t 'An interval of time. Note that a &%TimeInterval has both an extent and a location on the universal timeline. Note too that a &%TimeInterval has no gaps, i.e. this class contains only convex time intervals.' 'An extensionless point on the universal timeline. The &%TimePoints at which &%Processes occur can be known with various degrees of precision and approximation, but conceptually &%TimePoints are point-like and not interval-like. That is, it doesnt make sense to talk about how long a &%TimePoint lasts.' 'A &%FunctionQuantity is a &%PhysicalQuantity that is returned by a &%Function that maps from one or more instances of &%ConstantQuantity to another instance of &%ConstantQuantity. For example, the velocity of a particle would be represented by a &%FunctionQuantity relating values of time (which are instances of &%ConstantQuantity) to values of distance (also instances of &%ConstantQuantity). Note that all elements of the range of the &%Function corresponding to a &%FunctionQuantity have the same physical dimension as the &%FunctionQuantity itself.' s__UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity 'A &%subclass of &%FunctionQuantity, instances of which are returned by &%UnaryFunctions that map from one instance of the &%Class &%ConstantQuantity to another instance of the &%Class &%ConstantQuantity.' s__TimeDependentQuantity s__TimeDependentQuantity__t s__UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity__t 'A &%UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity of continuous time. All instances of this &%Class are returned by &%Functions that map a time quantity into another &%ConstantQuantity such as temperature. For example, the temperature at the top of the Empire State Building is a &%TimeDependentQuantity, since its value depends on the time.' 'The &%SetOrClass of &%Sets and &%Classes, i.e. any instance of &%Abstract that has &%elements or &%instances.' s__Class__t '&%Classes differ from &%Sets in three important respects. First, &%Classes are not assumed to be extensional. That is, distinct &%Classes might well have exactly the same instances. Second, &%Classes typically have an associated `condition that determines the instances of the &%Class. So, for example, the condition `human determines the &%Class of &%Humans. Note that some &%Classes might satisfy their own condition (e.g., the &%Class of &%Abstract things is &%Abstract) and hence be instances of themselves. Third, the instances of a class may occur only once within the class, i.e. a class cannot contain duplicate instances.' s__Set__t 'A &%SetOrClass that satisfies extensionality as well as other constraints specified by some choice of set theory. &%Sets differ from &%Classes in two important respects. First, &%Sets are extensional - two &%Sets with the same &%elements are identical. Second, a &%Set can be an arbitrary stock of objects. That is, there is no requirement that &%Sets have an associated condition that determines their membership. Note that &%Sets are not assumed to be unique sets, i.e. &%elements of a &%Set may occur more than once in the &%Set.' s__TernaryRelation s__QuaternaryRelation s__QuintaryRelation 'The &%Class of relations. There are three kinds of &%Relation: &%Predicate, &%Function, and &%List. &%Predicates and &%Functions both denote sets of ordered n-tuples. The difference between these two &%Classes is that &%Predicates cover formula-forming operators, while &%Functions cover term-forming operators. A &%List, on the other hand, is a particular ordered n-tuple.' 'A &%Relation is a &%SingleValuedRelation just in case an assignment of values to every argument position except the last one determines at most one assignment for the last argument position. Note that not all &%SingleValuedRelations are &%TotalValuedRelations.' s__GraphArc s__Argument s__StationaryArtifact s__FinancialTransaction 'A &%Relation is a &%TotalValuedRelation just in case there exists an assignment for the last argument position of the &%Relation given any assignment of values to every argument position except the last one. Note that declaring a &%Relation to be both a &%TotalValuedRelation and a &%SingleValuedRelation means that it is a total function.' s__geometricDistance__m s__lineMeasure__m s__diameter__m s__conclusion__m s__angularMeasure__m s__PlaneAngleMeasure s__stringConcatenation__m s__duration__m s__protonNumber__m s__premise__m s__contestParticipant__m s__radius__m s__electronNumber__m s__stringLength__m s__transactionAmount__m 'A &%Relation is a &%PartialValuedRelation just in case it is not a &%TotalValuedRelation, i.e. just in case assigning values to every argument position except the last one does not necessarily mean that there is a value assignment for the last argument position. Note that, if a &%Relation is both a &%PartialValuedRelation and a &%SingleValuedRelation, then it is a partial function.' '&%BinaryRelations are relations that are true only of pairs of things. &%BinaryRelations are represented as slots in frame systems.' s__ReflexiveRelation '&%Relation ?REL is reflexive iff (?REL ?INST ?INST) for all ?INST.' s__Graph '&%Relation ?REL is irreflexive iff (?REL ?INST ?INST) holds for no value of ?INST.' s__PostalAddressText s__MilitaryUnit s__GraphPath s__Roadway s__Nation s__GraphElement s__BinaryFunction s__ContactSite 'A &%BinaryRelation ?REL is symmetric just iff (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) imples (?REL ?INST2 ?INST1), for all ?INST1 and ?INST2.' s__AntisymmetricRelation 'A &%BinaryRelation is asymmetric if and only if it is both an &%AntisymmetricRelation and an &%IrreflexiveRelation.' s__AntisymmetricRelation__t '&%BinaryRelation ?REL is an &%AntisymmetricRelation if for distinct ?INST1 and ?INST2, (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) implies not (?REL ?INST2 ?INST1). In other words, for all ?INST1 and ?INST2, (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) and (?REL ?INST2 ?INST1) imply that ?INST1 and ?INST2 are identical. Note that it is possible for an &%AntisymmetricRelation to be a &%ReflexiveRelation.' s__DataStorageDevice s__TrichotomizingRelation s__TrichotomizingRelation__t 'A &%BinaryRelation ?REL is a &%TrichotomizingRelation just in case all ordered pairs consisting of distinct individuals are elements of ?REL.' s__TransitiveRelation__t 'A &%BinaryRelation ?REL is transitive if (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) and (?REL ?INST2 ?INST3) imply (?REL ?INST1 ?INST3), for all ?INST1, ?INST2, and ?INST3.' 'A &%BinaryRelation ?REL is intransitive only if (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) and (?REL ?INST2 ?INST3) imply not (?REL ?INST1 ?INST3), for all ?INST1, ?INST2, and ?INST3.' 'A &%BinaryRelation is a partial ordering if it is a &%ReflexiveRelation, an &%AntisymmetricRelation, and a &%TransitiveRelation.' s__TotalOrderingRelation s__TotalOrderingRelation__t 'A &%BinaryRelation is a &%TotalOrderingRelation if it is a &%PartialOrderingRelation and a &%TrichotomizingRelation.' 'A &%BinaryRelation is an equivalence relation if it is a &%ReflexiveRelation, a &%SymmetricRelation, and a &%TransitiveRelation.' s__CaseRole s__CaseRole__t 'The &%Class of &%Predicates relating the spatially distinguished parts of a &%Process. &%CaseRoles include, for example, the &%agent, &%patient or &%destination of an action, the flammable substance in a burning process, or the water that falls in rain.' s__involvedInEvent__m '(involvedInEvent ?EVENT ?THING) means that in the &%Process ?EVENT, the &%Entity ?THING plays some &%CaseRole.' s__agent__m '(&%agent ?PROCESS ?AGENT) means that ?AGENT is an active determinant, either animate or inanimate, of the &%Process ?PROCESS, with or without voluntary intention. For example, Eve is an &%agent in the following proposition: Eve bit an apple.' s__destination__m '(destination ?PROCESS ?GOAL) means that ?GOAL is the target or goal of the Process ?PROCESS. For example, Danbury would be the destination in the following proposition: Bob went to Danbury. Note that this is a very general &%CaseRole and, in particular, that it covers the concepts of recipient and beneficiary. Thus, John would be the &%destination in the following proposition: Tom gave a book to John.' s__experiencer__m '(&%experiencer ?PROCESS ?AGENT) means that ?AGENT experiences the &%Process ?PROCESS. For example, Yojo is the &%experiencer of seeing in the following proposition: Yojo sees the fish. Note that &%experiencer, unlike &%agent, does not entail a causal relation between its arguments.' s__patient__m '(instrument ?EVENT ?TOOL) means that ?TOOL is used by an agent in bringing about ?EVENT and that ?TOOL is not changed by ?EVENT. For example, the key is an &%instrument in the following proposition: The key opened the door. Note that &%instrument and &%resource cannot be satisfied by the same ordered pair.' s__origin__m '(&%origin ?PROCESS ?SOURCE) means that ?SOURCE indicates where the ?Process began. Note that this relation implies that ?SOURCE is present at the beginning of the process, but need not participate throughout the process. For example, the submarine is the &%origin in the following proposition: the missile was launched from a submarine.' '(&%patient ?PROCESS ?ENTITY) means that ?ENTITY is a participant in ?PROCESS that may be moved, said, experienced, etc. For example, the direct objects in the sentences The cat swallowed the canary and Billy likes the beer would be examples of &%patients. Note that the &%patient of a &%Process may or may not undergo structural change as a result of the &%Process. The &%CaseRole of &%patient is used when one wants to specify as broadly as possible the object of a &%Process.' '(&%resource ?PROCESS ?RESOURCE) means that ?RESOURCE is present at the beginning of ?PROCESS, is used by ?PROCESS, and as a consequence is changed by ?PROCESS. For example, soap is a &%resource in the following proposition: the gun was carved out of soap. Note that &%resource differs from &%instrument, another subrelation of &%patient, in that its internal or physical properties are altered in some way by the &%Process.' '(result ?ACTION ?OUTPUT) means that ?OUTPUT is a product of ?ACTION. For example, house is a &%result in the following proposition: Eric built a house.' 'The class of &%Relations whose properties can be inherited downward in the class hierarchy via the &%subrelation &%Predicate.' s__ProbabilityRelation 'The &%Class of &%Relations that permit assessment of the probability of an event or situation.' s__ProbabilityFn__m 'One of the basic &%ProbabilityRelations, &%ProbabilityFn is used to state the a priori probability of a state of affairs. (&%ProbabilityFn ?FORMULA) denotes the a priori probability of ?FORMULA.' s__conditionalProbability__m 'One of the basic &%ProbabilityRelations. &%conditionalProbability is used to state the numeric value of a conditional probability. (&%conditionalProbability ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2 ?NUMBER) means that the probability of ?FORMULA2 being true given that ?FORMULA1 is true is ?NUMBER.' 'One of the basic &%ProbabilityRelations. (&%increasesLikelihood ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2) means that ?FORMULA2 is more likely to be true if ?FORMULA1 is true.' s__ProbabilityRelation__t 'One of the basic &%ProbabilityRelations. (&%decreasesLikelihood ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2) means that ?FORMULA2 is less likely to be true if ?FORMULA1 is true.' 'One of the basic &%ProbabilityRelations. (&%independentProbability ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2) means that the probabilities of ?FORMULA1 and ?FORMULA2 being true are independent.' 'The &%Class of &%Relations that are spatial in a wide sense. This &%Class includes mereological relations and topological relations.' s__TemporalRelation s__Relation__t 'The &%Class of temporal &%Relations. This &%Class includes notions of (temporal) topology of intervals, (temporal) schemata, and (temporal) extension.' s__IntentionalRelation 'The &%Class of &%Relations between an &%Agent and one or more &%Entities, where the &%Relation requires that the &%Agent have awareness of the &%Entity.' s__prefers__m s__IntentionalRelation__t '(&%prefers ?AGENT ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2) means that &%CognitiveAgent ?AGENT prefers the state of affairs expressed by ?FORMULA1 over the state of affairs expressed by ?FORMULA2 all things being equal.' s__PropositionalAttitude s__PropositionalAttitude__t 'The &%Class of &%IntentionalRelations where the &%Agent has awareness of a &%Proposition.' s__ObjectAttitude 'The &%Class of &%IntentionalRelations where the &%Agent has awareness of an instance of &%Physical.' s__inScopeOfInterest__m 'A very general &%Predicate. (&%inScopeOfInterest ?AGENT ?ENTITY) means that ?ENTITY is within the scope of interest of ?AGENT. Note that the interest indicated can be either positive or negative, i.e. the ?AGENT can have an interest in avoiding or promoting ?ENTITY.' s__needs__m '(&%needs ?AGENT ?OBJECT) means that ?OBJECT is physically required for the continued existence of ?AGENT.' s__ObjectAttitude__t '(&%wants ?AGENT ?OBJECT) means that ?OBJECT is desired by ?AGENT, i.e. ?AGENT believes that ?OBJECT will satisfy one of its goals. Note that there is no implication that what is wanted by an agent is not already possessed by the agent.' '(&%desires ?AGENT ?FORMULA) means that ?AGENT wants to bring about the state of affairs expressed by ?FORMULA. Note that there is no implication that what is desired by the agent is not already true. Note too that &%desires is distinguished from &%wants only in that the former is a &%PropositionalAttitude, while &%wants is an &%ObjectAttitude.' s__considers__m '(&%considers ?AGENT ?FORMULA) means that ?AGENT considers or wonders about the truth of the proposition expressed by ?FORMULA.' s__believes__m 'The epistemic predicate of belief. (&%believes ?AGENT ?FORMULA) means that ?AGENT believes the proposition expressed by ?FORMULA.' s__knows__m 'The epistemic predicate of knowing. (&%knows ?AGENT ?FORMULA) means that ?AGENT knows the proposition expressed by ?FORMULA. Note that &%knows entails conscious awareness, so this &%Predicate cannot be used to express tacit or subconscious or unconscious knowledge.' '$true__m' '&%TernaryRelations relate three items. The two &%subclasses of &%TernaryRelation are &%TernaryPredicate and &%BinaryFunction.' '&%QuaternaryRelations relate four items. The two &%subclasses of &%QuaternaryRelation are &%QuaternaryPredicate and &%TernaryFunction.' s__QuintaryRelation__t '&%QuintaryRelations relate five items. The two &%subclasses of &%QuintaryRelation are &%QuintaryPredicate and &%QuaternaryFunction.' 'Every &%List is a particular ordered n-tuple of items. Generally speaking, &%Lists are created by means of the &%ListFn &%Function, which takes any number of items as arguments and returns a &%List with the items in the same order. Anything, including other &%Lists, may be an item in a &%List. Note too that &%Lists are extensional - two lists that have the same items in the same order are identical. Note too that a &%List may contain no items. In that case, the &%List is the &%NullList.' s__NullList__m s__UniqueList s__UniqueList__t 'A &%List in which no item appears more than once, i.e. a &%List for which there are no distinct numbers ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2 such that (&%ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER1) and (&%ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER2) return the same value.' s__List__t 'The &%List that has no items. The uniqueness of &%NullList follows from the extensionality of &%Lists, i.e. the fact that two &%Lists with the same items in the same order are identical.' s__ListFn__m 'A &%Function that takes any number of arguments and returns the &%List containing those arguments in exactly the same order.' s__ListOrderFn__m '(&%ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER) denotes the item that is in the ?NUMBER position in the &%List ?LIST. For example, (&%ListOrderFn (&%ListFn &%Monday &%Tuesday &%Wednesday) 2) would return the value &%Tuesday.' s__UnitOfMeasure s__CareOrganization s__Agreement s__DeonticAttribute s__FormOfGovernment "4" s__Position s__TwoDimensionalObject s__PhysicalSystem s__Policy s__BeliefGroup s__PositionalAttribute s__PowerSource s__Phrase s__WearableItem s__Certificate "5" s__MeasuringDevice s__GraphNode s__UniformClothing s__Group s__Solution s__Residence s__ListLengthFn__m 'A &%Function that takes a &%List as its sole argument and returns the number of items in the &%List. For example, (&%ListLengthFn (&%ListFn &%Monday &%Tuesday &%Wednesday)) would return the value 3.' s__ListConcatenateFn__m 'A &%Function that returns the concatenation of the two &%Lists that are given as arguments. For example, the value of (&%ListConcatenateFn (&%ListFn &%Monday &%Tuesday) (&%ListFn &%Wednesday &%Thursday)) would be (&%ListFn &%Monday &%Tuesday &%Wednesday &%Thursday).' s__inList__m 'The analog of &%element and &%instance for &%Lists. (&%inList ?OBJ ?LIST) means that ?OBJ is in the &%List ?LIST. For example, (&%inList &%Tuesday (&%ListFn &%Monday &%Tuesday &%Wednesday)) would be true.' s__subList__m '(&%subList ?LIST1 ?LIST2) means that ?LIST1 is a sublist of ?LIST2, i.e. every element of ?LIST1 is an element of ?LIST2 and the elements that are common to both &%Lists have the same order in both &%Lists. Elements that are common to both Lists and are consecutive in one list must also be consecutive in the other list. (Therefore - the list of prime numbers smaller than 10 [1 2 3 5 7] is not a subList of the natural numbers smaller than 10 [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]).' s__initialList__m '(&%initialList ?LIST1 ?LIST2) means that ?LIST1 is a &%subList of ?LIST2 and (&%ListOrderFn ?LIST1 ?NUMBER) returns the same value as (&%ListOrderFn ?LIST2 ?NUMBER) for all of the values of ?NUMBER over which (&%ListOrderFn ?LIST1 ?NUMBER) is defined.' s__identicalListItems__m '(&%identicalListItems ?LIST1 ?LIST2) means that ?LIST1 and ?LIST2 have exactly the same items in their respective lists. Although ?LIST1 and ?LIST2 are required to share exactly the same items, they may order these items differently.' s__InheritableRelation__t 'A &%Predicate is a sentence-forming &%Relation. Each tuple in the &%Relation is a finite, ordered sequence of objects. The fact that a particular tuple is an element of a &%Predicate is denoted by (*predicate* arg_1 arg_2 .. arg_n), where the arg_i are the objects so related. In the case of &%BinaryPredicates, the fact can be read as `arg_1 is *predicate* arg_2 or `a *predicate* of arg_1 is arg_2.' 'A &%Function is a term-forming &%Relation that maps from a n-tuple of arguments to a range and that associates this n-tuple with at most one range element. Note that the range is a &%SetOrClass, and each element of the range is an instance of the &%SetOrClass.' 'The &%Class of &%Functions that require a single argument.' s__OneToOneFunction s__OneToOneFunction__t 'The &%Class of &%UnaryFunctions which are one to one. A function F is one to one just in case for all X, Y in the domain of F, if X is not identical to Y, then F(X) is not identical to F(Y).' s__SequenceFunction s__SequenceFunction__t 'The &%Class of &%OneToOneFunctions whose range is a subclass of the &%PositiveIntegers.' 'The &%Class of &%Functions that require two arguments.' s__AssociativeFunction s__AssociativeFunction__t 'A &%BinaryFunction is associative if bracketing has no effect on the value returned by the &%Function. More precisely, a &%Function ?FUNCTION is associative just in case (?FUNCTION ?INST1 (?FUNCTION ?INST2 ?INST3)) is equal to (?FUNCTION (?FUNCTION ?INST1 ?INST2) ?INST3), for all ?INST1, ?INST2, and ?INST3.' s__CommutativeFunction 'A &%BinaryFunction is commutative if the ordering of the arguments of the function has no effect on the value returned by the function. More precisely, a function ?FUNCTION is commutative just in case (?FUNCTION ?INST1 ?INST2) is equal to (?FUNCTION ?INST2 ?INST1), for all ?INST1 and ?INST2.' s__TernaryFunction s__TernaryFunction__t s__QuaternaryRelation__t 'The &%Class of &%Functions that require exactly three arguments.' s__QuaternaryFunction 'The &%Class of &%Functions that require exactly four arguments.' s__ContinuousFunction s__ContinuousFunction__t '&%Functions which are continuous. This concept is taken as primitive until representations for limits are devised.' s__BinaryRelation__t 'A &%Predicate relating two items - its valence is two.' s__TernaryRelation__t 'The &%Class of &%Predicates that require exactly three arguments.' s__QuaternaryPredicate s__QuaternaryPredicate__t 'The &%Class of &%Predicates that require four arguments.' s__QuintaryPredicate s__QuintaryPredicate__t 'The &%Class of &%Predicates that require five arguments.' 'The &%Class of &%Relations that do not have a fixed number of arguments.' 'A &%RelationExtendedToQuantities is a &%Relation that, when it is true on a sequence of arguments that are &%RealNumbers, it is also true on a sequence of instances of &%ConstantQuantity with those magnitudes in some unit of measure. For example, the &%lessThan relation is extended to quantities. This means that for all pairs of quantities ?QUANTITY1 and ?QUANTITY2, (&%lessThan ?QUANTITY1 ?QUANTITY2) if and only if, for some ?NUMBER1, ?NUMBER2, and ?UNIT, ?QUANTITY1 = (&%MeasureFn ?NUMBER1 ?UNIT), ?QUANTITY2 = (&%MeasureFn ?NUMBER2 ?UNIT), and (&%lessThan ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2), for all units ?UNIT on which ?QUANTITY1 and ?QUANTITY2 can be measured. Note that, when a &%RelationExtendedToQuantities is extended from &%RealNumbers to instances of &%ConstantQuantity, the &%ConstantQuantity must be measured along the same physical dimension.' s__LogicalOperator s__LogicalOperator__t 'This &%Class comprises all of the logical operators (viz. and, or, not, =>, and <=>).' '&%Propositions are &%Abstract entities that express a complete thought or a set of such thoughts. As an example, the formula (instance Yojo Cat) expresses the &%Proposition that the entity named Yojo is an element of the &%Class of Cats. Note that propositions are not restricted to the content expressed by individual sentences of a &%Language. They may encompass the content expressed by theories, books, and even whole libraries. It is important to distinguish &%Propositions from the &%ContentBearingObjects that express them. A &%Proposition is a piece of information, e.g. that the cat is on the mat, but a &%ContentBearingObject is an &%Object that represents this information. A &%Proposition is an abstraction that may have multiple representations: strings, sounds, icons, etc. For example, the &%Proposition that the cat is on the mat is represented here as a string of graphical characters displayed on a monitor and/or printed on paper, but it can be represented by a sequence of sounds or by some non-latin alphabet or by some cryptographic form' s__closedOn__m 'A &%BinaryFunction is closed on a &%SetOrClass if it is defined for all instances of the &%SetOrClass and its value is always an instance of the &%SetOrClass.' s__reflexiveOn__m 'A &%BinaryRelation is reflexive on a &%SetOrClass only if every instance of the &%SetOrClass bears the relation to itself.' s__telephoneNumber__m s__cargo__m s__distributes__m s__older__m s__postContactSite__m s__benefits__m s__homePhoneNumber__m s__employs__m s__barometricPressure__m s__hasOccupation__m s__givenName__m s__parent__m s__creator__m s__located__m s__telecomCoreNumber__m s__abstractCounterpart__m s__date__m s__postPostOfficeBox__m s__medicalPatient__m s__meetsTemporally__m s__expressedInLanguage__m s__irreflexiveOn__m s__voltageMeasure__m s__secretesSubstance__m s__precondition__m s__capacity__m s__trichotomizingOn__m s__powerPlant__m s__atomicNumber__m s__abstractPart__m s__deviceTelecomNumber__m s__postCity__m s__angleOfFigure__m s__uniqueIdentifier__m s__structure__m s__hopes__m s__familyName__m s__mother__m s__arcWeight__m s__developmentalForm__m s__sibling__m s__student__m s__top__m s__postAddressText__m s__beforeOrEqual__m s__identityElement__m s__loss__m s__postPostcodeArea__m s__titles__m s__realization__m s__workPhoneNumber__m s__memberCount__m s__describes__m s__geopoliticalSubdivision__m s__customer__m s__superficialPart__m s__conforms__m s__constructionPeriod__m s__coworker__m s__birthplace__m s__reagent__m s__stepmother__m s__equipmentType__m s__changesLocation__m s__bottom__m s__time__m s__stepfather__m s__editor__m s__measure__m s__age__m s__detainee__m s__floorCode__m s__insured__m s__frequency__m s__equivalentContentInstance__m s__postStreetNumber__m s__legalRelation__m s__larger__m s__deviceState__m s__registeredItem__m s__moves__m s__axis__m s__expects__m s__half__m s__tangent__m s__familyRelation__m s__parasite__m s__grasps__m s__exactlyLocated__m s__meltingPoint__m s__enjoys__m s__allegiance__m s__sententialSubject__m s__subProcess__m s__humanCapacity__m s__prevents__m s__cousin__m s__equivalenceRelationOn__m s__policyOwner__m s__deathplace__m s__middleName__m s__attends__m s__gainsControl__m s__memberType__m s__approves__m s__geometricPart__m s__transported__m s__hasAward__m s__siteForContact__m s__consistent__m s__sliceOfFigure__m s__wavelength__m s__weight__m s__homeAddress__m s__monetaryValue__m s__postCountry__m s__names__m s__starts__m s__subSystem__m s__citizen__m s__birthday__m s__partyToAgreement__m s__modalAttribute__m s__causesProposition__m s__fills__m s__eventLocated__m s__causes__m s__husband__m s__hole__m s__wears__m s__alias__m s__penetrates__m s__targetInAttack__m s__landlord__m s__doubts__m s__serviceProvider__m s__deathdate__m s__waterDepth__m s__graphMeasure__m s__color__m s__losesControl__m s__conjugate__m s__earlier__m s__unitNumber__m s__religiousAffiliationOfOrganization__m s__carries__m s__copy__m s__measurementReading__m s__quarter__m s__discovers__m s__inhabits__m s__birthdate__m s__telecomExtension__m s__width__m s__uncle__m s__subField__m s__relatedEvent__m s__yearOfFounding__m s__potentialOfHydrogen__m s__exploits__m s__brother__m s__subsumesContentInstance__m s__contractor__m s__properlyFills__m s__finishes__m s__partialOrderingOn__m s__average__m s__experimentalControl__m s__meatOfAnimal__m s__Meat s__initiallyContainsPart__m s__sister__m s__boilingPoint__m s__postDistrict__m s__cohabitant__m s__tenant__m s__grandmother__m s__ancestor__m s__issuedBy__m s__headquartersOfOrganization__m s__agreementExpirationDate__m s__telecomCode2__m s__agreementEffectiveDate__m s__temporalPart__m s__postStreet__m s__commentator__m s__fleetSize__m s__postNeighborhood__m s__relative__m s__defendant__m s__equivalentContentClass__m s__fears__m s__totalOrderingOn__m s__formerName__m s__smaller__m s__subProposition__m s__cooccur__m s__initialPart__m s__legalGuardian__m s__sententialObject__m s__authors__m s__during__m s__parallel__m s__inhibits__m s__causesSubclass__m s__localLongName__m s__inString__m s__operator__m s__sideOfFigure__m s__eventPartlyLocated__m s__airTemperature__m s__path__m s__lacks__m s__subPlan__m s__hasExpertise__m s__serviceRecipient__m s__wife__m s__uses__m s__friend__m s__linearExtent__m s__agreementPeriod__m s__typicallyContainsPart__m s__emailAddress__m s__arrested__m s__grandfather__m s__onboard__m s__neighbor__m s__workAddress__m s__overlapsTemporally__m s__profit__m s__version__m s__length__m s__anniversary__m s__subset__m s__mobilePhoneNumber__m s__side__m s__stored__m s__pathLength__m s__possesses__m s__subGraph__m s__height__m s__intelligenceQuotient__m s__completelyFills__m s__publishes__m s__engineeringSubcomponent__m s__inventory__m s__graphPart__m s__personalPhoneNumber__m s__direction__m s__son__m s__holdsObligation__m s__hasSkill__m s__aunt__m s__daughter__m s__traverses__m s__ideologicalAffiliationOfOrganization__m s__overlapsPartially__m s__subsumesContentClass__m s__occupation__m s__holdsDuring__m s__hasUniform__m s__distanceOnPath__m s__Transitway s__groupMember__m s__dateEstablished__m s__nephew__m s__teacher__m s__speaksLanguage__m s__hostileForces__m s__before__m s__grammaticalRelation__m s__telecomCountryCode__m s__telecomContactDevice__m s__truth__m s__reactant__m s__affiliatedOrganization__m s__multiplicativeFactor__m s__faces__m s__deceptiveIdentifier__m s__father__m s__surface__m s__most__m s__niece__m s__pointOfFigure__m s__faxNumber__m s__connectedEngineeringComponents__m s__plaintiff__m s__patientMedical__m s__telecomAreaCode__m s__controlled__m s__partiallyFills__m s__geographicSubregion__m s__effectiveRange__m s__systemPart__m s__typicalPart__m s__subString__m s__grandparent__m s__hasPurpose__m s__interiorPart__m s__record__m s__conveyance__m s__holdsRight__m s__refers__m s__third__m s__localShortName__m s__financialAsset__m 'A &%BinaryRelation is irreflexive on a &%SetOrClass only if no instance of the &%SetOrClass bears the relation to itself.' 'A &%BinaryRelation is a partial ordering on a &%SetOrClass only if the relation is &%reflexiveOn the &%SetOrClass, and it is both an &%AntisymmetricRelation, and a &%TransitiveRelation.' 'A &%BinaryRelation ?REL is a total ordering on a &%SetOrClass only if it is a partial ordering for which either (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) or (?REL ?INST2 ?INST1) for every ?INST1 and ?INST2 in the &%SetOrClass.' 'A &%BinaryRelation ?REL is trichotomizing on a &%SetOrClass only if, for all instances ?INST1 and ?INST2 of the &%SetOrClass, at least one of the following holds: (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2), (?REL ?INST2 ?INST1) or (equal ?INST1 ?INST2).' 'A &%BinaryRelation is an &%equivalenceRelationOn a &%SetOrClass only if the relation is &%reflexiveOn the &%SetOrClass and it is both a &%TransitiveRelation and a &%SymmetricRelation.' 'A &%BinaryFunction ?FUNCTION1 is distributive over another &%BinaryFunction ?FUNCTION2 just in case (?FUNCTION1 ?INST1 (?FUNCTION2 ?INST2 ?INST3)) is equal to (?FUNCTION2 (?FUNCTION1 ?INST1 ?INST2) (?FUNCTION1 ?INST1 ?INST3)), for all ?INST1, ?INST2, and ?INST3.' '(relatedEvent ?EVENT1 ?EVENT2) means that the &%Process ?EVENT1 is related to the Process ?EVENT2. The relationship is between separate individual events, not events and their subprocesses. On the other hand, two &%subProcesses of the same overarching event may be &%relatedEvents. The argument order does not imply temporal ordering.' 'The causation relation between instances of &%Process. (&%causes ?PROCESS1 ?PROCESS2) means that the instance of &%Process ?PROCESS1 brings about the instance of &%Process ?PROCESS2.' 'The causation relation between subclasses of &%Process. (&%causesSubclass ?PROCESS1 ?PROCESS2) means that the subclass of &%Process ?PROCESS1 brings about the subclass of &%Process ?PROCESS2, e.g. (&%causesSubclass &%Killing &%Death).' '(&%causesProposition ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2) means that the state of affairs described by ?FORMULA1 causes, or mechanistically brings about, the state of affairs described by ?FORMULA2. Note that unlike &%entails, the time during which ?FORMULA2 holds cannot precede the time during which ?FORMULA1 holds, although ?FORMULA1 and ?FORMULA2 can hold simultaneously. Note, also, that &%causesProposition is a predicate, not a truth function. The following rule (contraposition) does not hold: (=> (causesProp ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2) (causesProp (not ?FORMULA2) (not ?FORMULA1))).' 'relates an &%Object to an exact copy of the &%Object, where an exact copy is indistinguishable from the original with regard to every property except (possibly) spatial and/or temporal location.' 'This relation holds between an instance of &%Physical and an instance of &%TimePosition just in case the temporal lifespan of the former includes the latter. In other words, (&%time ?THING ?TIME) means that ?THING existed or occurred at ?TIME. Note that &%time does for instances of &%Physical what &%holdsDuring does for instances of &%Formula. The constants &%located and &%time are the basic spatial and temporal predicates, respectively.' '(&%holdsDuring ?TIME ?FORMULA) means that the proposition denoted by ?FORMULA is true in the time frame ?TIME. Note that this implies that ?FORMULA is true at every &%TimePoint which is a &%temporalPart of ?TIME.' '(~ V__SITUATION)' s__capability__m '(&%capability ?PROCESS ?ROLE ?OBJ) means that ?OBJ has the ability to play the role of ?ROLE in &%Processes of type ?PROCESS.' '(&%exploits ?OBJ ?AGENT) means that ?OBJ is used by ?AGENT as a &%resource in an unspecified instance of &%Process. This &%Predicate, as its corresponding axiom indicates, is a composition of the relations &%agent and &%resource.' 'This &%Predicate expresses the concept of a conventional goal, i.e. a goal with a neutralized agents intention. Accordingly, (&%hasPurpose ?THING ?FORMULA) means that the instance of &%Physical ?THING has, as its purpose, the &%Proposition expressed by ?FORMULA. Note that there is an important difference in meaning between the &%Predicates &%hasPurpose and &%result. Although the second argument of the latter can satisfy the second argument of the former, a conventional goal is an expected and desired outcome, while a result may be neither expected nor desired. For example, a machine process may have outcomes but no goals, aimless wandering may have an outcome but no goal, a learning process may have goals with no outcomes, and so on.' s__hasPurposeForAgent__m 'Expresses a cognitive attitude of an agent with respect to a particular instance of Physical. More precisely, (&%hasPurposeForAgent ?THING ?FORMULA ?AGENT) means that the purpose of ?THING for ?AGENT is the proposition expressed by ?FORMULA. Very complex issues are involved here. In particular, the rules of inference of the first order predicate calculus are not truth-preserving for the second argument position of this &%Predicate.' 'Similar to the &%capability &%Predicate with the additional restriction that the ability be practised/ demonstrated to some measurable degree.' s__TernaryPredicate__t 'Expresses the relationship between a &%Formula, an &%Entity, and an &%ObjectiveNorm when the &%Entity brings it about that the &%Formula has the &%ObjectiveNorm.' 'Expresses the relationship between an &%Entity, a &%Formula, and an &%ObjectiveNorm when the &%Entity brings it about that the &%Formula does not have the &%ObjectiveNorm.' '(&%partlyLocated ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that the instance of &%Physical ?OBJ1 is at least partially located at ?OBJ2. For example, Istanbul is partly located in &%Asia and partly located in &%Europe. Note that &%partlyLocated is the most basic localization relation: &%located is an immediate &%subrelation of &%partlyLocated and &%exactlyLocated is an immediate &%subrelation of &%located.' '(&%located ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is &%partlyLocated at ?OBJ2, and there is no &%part of ?OBJ1 that is not &%located at ?OBJ2.' '(&%eventPartlyLocated ?PROC ?OBJ) means that some &%subProcess of &%Process ?PROC is located in &%Object ?OBJ.' 'event partly located' '(&%eventLocated ?PROC ?OBJ) means that the entire &%Process ?PROC is located on &%Object ?OBJ, meaning that all &%subProcess of ?PROC is located on ?OBJ' 'event located' 'The actual, minimal location of an Object. This is a subrelation of the more general &%Predicate &%located.' s__between__m '(between ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3) means that ?OBJ2 is spatially located between ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ3. Note that this implies that ?OBJ2 is directly between ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ3, i.e. the projections of ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ3 overlap with ?OBJ2.' s__betweenOnPath__m '(betweenOnPath ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3 ?PATH) means that ?OBJ2 is spatially located between ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ3 on the path ?PATH. Note that this is a more specialized relation of between since any object that is between others with respect to a particular path is also simply between them.' '(&%traverses ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 crosses or extends across ?OBJ2. Note that &%crosses and &%penetrates are subrelations of &%traverses.' '(crosses ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that &%Object ?OBJ1 &%traverses Object ?OBJ2, without being &%connected to it.' '(penetrates ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is &%connected to ?OBJ2 along at least one whole dimension (length, width or depth).' s__WhereFn__m s__WhenFn__m 'Maps an &%Object and a &%TimePoint at which the &%Object exists to the &%Region where the &%Object existed at that &%TimePoint.' '&%Relation that holds between an &%Agent and an &%Object when the &%Agent has ownership of the &%Object.' s__PropertyFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps an &%Agent to the &%Set of &%Objects owned by the &%Agent.' 'A very general &%Predicate. (&%precondition ?PROC1 ?PROC2) means that an instance of ?PROC2 can exist only if an instance of ?PROC1 also exists.' 'A very general &%Predicate. (&%inhibits ?PROC1 ?PROC2) means that the &%Process ?PROC1 inhibits or hinders the occurrence of the &%Process ?PROC2. For example, obstructing an object inhibits moving it. Note that this is a relation between types of &%Processes, not between instances.' 'A very general &%Predicate. (&%prevents ?PROC1 ?PROC2) means that ?PROC1 prevents the occurrence of ?PROC2. In other words, if ?PROC1 is occurring in a particular time and place, ?PROC2 cannot occur at the same time and place. For example, innoculating prevents contracting disease. Note that this is a relation between types of &%Processes, not between instances.' '(? [V__INST1] : (s__instance(V__INST1,s__Process) & s__instance(V__INST1,V__PROC1) & s__eventLocated(V__INST1,V__PLACE)))' '(? [V__INST2] : (s__instance(V__INST2,s__Process) & s__instance(V__INST2,V__PROC2) & s__eventLocated(V__INST2,V__PLACE)))' '(&%refers ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 mentions or includes a reference to ?OBJ2. Note that &%refers is more general in meaning than &%represents, because presumably something can represent something else only if it refers to this other thing. For example, an article whose topic is a recent change in the price of oil may refer to many other things, e.g. the general state of the economy, the weather in California, the prospect of global warming, the options for alternative energy sources, the stock prices of various oil companies, etc.' '(&%names ?STRING ?ENTITY) means that the thing ?ENTITY has the &%SymbolicString ?STRING as its name. Note that &%names and &%represents are the two immediate &%subrelations of &%refers. The predicate &%names is used when the referring item is merely a tag without connotative content, while the predicate &%represents is used for referring items that have such content.' 'The class of &%names that uniquely identify an instance of &%Entity. Some examples of &%uniqueIdentifiers are the keys of tables in database applications and the ISBN (International Standard Book Number).' 'A very general semiotics &%Predicate. (&%represents ?THING ?ENTITY) means that ?THING in some way indicates, expresses, connotes, pictures, describes, etc. ?ENTITY. The &%Predicates &%containsInformation and &%realization are subrelations of &%represents. Note that &%represents is a subrelation of &%refers, since something can represent something else only if it refers to this other thing. See the documentation string for &%names.' s__representsForAgent__m 'A very general predicate. (&%representsForAgent ?ENTITY1 ?ENTITY2 ?AGENT) means that the ?AGENT chooses to use ?ENTITY1 to stand for ?ENTITY2.' s__representsInLanguage__m 'A very general predicate. (&%representsInLanguage ?THING ?ENTITY ?LANGUAGE) means that the &%LinguisticExpression ?THING stands for ?ENTITY in the &%Language ?LANGUAGE.' s__EquivalenceRelation__t 'A &%BinaryPredicate that relates two subclasses of &%ContentBearingPhysical. (&%equivalentContentClass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2) means that the content expressed by each instance of ?CLASS1 is also expressed by each instance of ?CLASS2, and vice versa. An example would be the relationship between English and Russian editions of Agatha Christies Murder on the Orient Express. Note that (&%equivalentContentClass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2) implies (&%subsumesContentClass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2) and (&%subsumesContentClass ?CLASS2 ?CLASS1).' 'A &%BinaryPredicate that relates two subclasses of &%ContentBearingPhysical. (&%subsumesContentClass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2) means that the content expressed by each instance of ?CLASS2 is also expressed by each instance of ?CLASS1. Examples include the relationship between a poem and one of its stanzas or between a book and one of its chapters. Note that this is a relation between subclasses of &%ContentBearingObject, rather than instances. If one wants to relate instances, the &%Predicate &%subsumesContentInstance can be used. Note that &%subsumesContentClass is needed in many cases. Consider, for example, the relation between the King James edition of the Bible and its Book of Genesis. This relation holds for every copy of this edition and not just for a single instance.' 'A &%BinaryPredicate relating two instances of &%ContentBearingPhysical. (&%equivalentContentInstance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that the content expressed by ?OBJ1 is identical to the content expressed by ?OBJ2. An example would be the relationship between a handwritten draft of a letter to ones lawyer and a typed copy of the same letter. Note that (&%equivalentContentInstance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) implies (&%subsumesContentInstance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) and (&%subsumesContentInstance ?OBJ2 ?OBJ2).' 'A &%BinaryPredicate relating two instances of &%ContentBearingPhysical. (&%subsumesContentInstance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that the content expressed by ?OBJ2 is part of the content expressed by ?OBJ1. An example is the relationship between a handwritten poem and one of its stanzas. Note that this is a relation between instances, rather than &%Classes. If one wants to assert a content relationship between &%Classes, e.g. between the version of an intellectual work and a part of that work, the relation &%subsumesContentClass should be used.' 'A subrelation of &%represents. (&%realization ?PROCESS ?PROP) means that ?PROCESS is a Process which expresses the content of ?PROP. Examples include a particular musical performance, which realizes the content of a musical score, or the reading of a poem.' '(&%expressedInLanguage ?EXPRESS ?LANG) means that the &%LinguisticExpression ?EXPRESS is part of the &%Language ?LANG.' '(&%subProposition ?PROP1 ?PROP2) means that ?PROP1 is a &%Proposition which is a proper part of the &%Proposition ?PROP2. In other words, &%subProposition is the analogue of &%properPart for chunks of abstract content.' '(&%subPlan ?PLAN1 ?PLAN2) means that ?PLAN1 is a &%Plan which is a proper part of ?PLAN2. This relation is generally used to relate a supporting &%Plan to the overall &%Plan in a particular context.' s__BinaryPredicate__t '(&%uses ?OBJECT AGENT) means that ?OBJECT is used by ?AGENT as an instrument in an unspecified &%Process. This &%Predicate, as its corresponding axiom indicates, is a composition of the &%CaseRoles &%agent and &%instrument.' times__m s__CommutativeFunction__t 'If ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2 are &%Numbers, then (&%MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the arithmetical product of these numbers.' plus__m 'If ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2 are &%Numbers, then (&%AdditionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the arithmetical sum of these numbers.' minus__m 'If ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2 are &%Numbers, then (&%SubtractionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the arithmetical difference between ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2, i.e. ?NUMBER1 minus ?NUMBER2. An exception occurs when ?NUMBER1 is equal to 0, in which case (&%SubtractionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the negation of ?NUMBER2.' divide__m 'If ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2 are &%Numbers, then (&%DivisionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the result of dividing ?NUMBER1 by ?NUMBER2. Note that when ?NUMBER1 = 1 (&%DivisionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the reciprocal of ?NUMBER2. Note too that (&%DivisionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is undefined when ?NUMBER2 = 0.' s__AbsoluteValueFn__m 'The value of (&%AbsoluteValueFn ?NUMBER) is the absolute value of the &%RealNumber ?NUMBER.' s__CeilingFn__m s__UnaryFunction__t '(&%CeilingFn ?NUMBER) returns the smallest &%Integer greater than or equal to the &%RealNumber ?NUMBER.' s__CosineFn__m '(&%CosineFn ?DEGREE) returns the cosine of the &%PlaneAngleMeasure ?DEGREE. The cosine of ?DEGREE is the ratio of the side next to ?DEGREE to the hypotenuse in a right-angled triangle.' s__DenominatorFn__m '(&%DenominatorFn ?NUMBER) returns the denominator of the canonical reduced form of the &%RealNumber ?NUMBER.' s__ExponentiationFn__m s__RelationExtendedToQuantities__t '(&%ExponentiationFn ?NUMBER ?INT) returns the &%RealNumber ?NUMBER raised to the power of the &%Integer ?INT.' s__FloorFn__m '(&%FloorFn ?NUMBER) returns the largest &%Integer less than or equal to the &%RealNumber ?NUMBER.' s__GreatestCommonDivisorFn__m '(&%GreatestCommonDivisorFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2 ... ?NUMBER) returns the greatest common divisor of ?NUMBER1 through ?NUMBER.' '(multiplicativeFactor ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) means that ?NUMBER1 is a factor of ?NUMBER2, i.e. ?NUMBER1 can be multiplied by some &%Integer to give ?NUMBER2 as a result.' s__ImaginaryPartFn__m '(&%ImaginaryPartFn ?NUMBER) returns the part of ?NUMBER that has the square root of -1 as its factor.' s__IntegerSquareRootFn__m '(&%IntegerSquareRootFn ?NUMBER) returns the integer square root of ?NUMBER.' s__LeastCommonMultipleFn__m '(&%LeastCommonMultipleFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2 ... ?NUMBER) returns the least common multiple of ?NUMBER1 through ?NUMBER.' s__LogFn__m '(LogFn ?NUMBER ?INT) returns the logarithm of the &%RealNumber ?NUMBER in the base denoted by the &%Integer ?INT.' s__MaxFn__m '(&%MaxFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the largest of ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2. In cases where ?NUMBER1 is equal to ?NUMBER2, &%MaxFn returns one of its arguments.' s__MinFn__m '(&%MinFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the smallest of ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2. In cases where ?NUMBER1 is equal to ?NUMBER2, &%MinFn returns one of its arguments.' s__NumeratorFn__m '(&%NumeratorFn ?NUMBER) returns the numerator of the canonical reduced form ?NUMBER.' s__Pi s__PositiveRealNumber__t '&%Pi is the &%RealNumber that is the ratio of the perimeter of a circle to its diameter. It is approximately equal to 3.141592653589793.' s__NumberE '&%NumberE is the &%RealNumber that is the base for natural logarithms. It is approximately equal to 2.718282.' s__RationalNumberFn__m '(&%RationalNumberFn ?NUMBER) returns the rational representation of ?NUMBER.' s__RealNumberFn__m '(RealNumberFn ?NUMBER) returns the part of ?NUMBER that is a &%RealNumber.' s__ReciprocalFn__m '(ReciprocalFn ?NUMBER) is the reciprocal element of ?NUMBER with respect to the multiplication operator (&%MultiplicationFn), i.e. 1/?NUMBER. Not all numbers have a reciprocal element. For example the number 0 does not. If a number ?NUMBER has a reciprocal ?RECIP, then the product of ?NUMBER and ?RECIP will be 1, e.g. 3*1/3 = 1. The reciprocal of an element is &%equal to applying the &%ExponentiationFn function to the element to the power -1.' s__RemainderFn__m '(RemainderFn ?NUMBER ?DIVISOR) is the remainder of the number ?NUMBER divided by the number ?DIVISOR. The result has the same sign as ?DIVISOR.' s__RoundFn__m '(&%RoundFn ?NUMBER) is the &%Integer closest to ?NUMBER on the number line. If ?NUMBER is halfway between two &%Integers (for example 3.5), it denotes the larger &%Integer.' "0.5" s__SignumFn__m '(SignumFn ?NUMBER) denotes the sign of ?NUMBER. This is one of the following values: -1, 1, or 0.' s__SineFn__m '(&%SineFn ?DEGREE) is the sine of the &%PlaneAngleMeasure ?DEGREE. The sine of ?DEGREE is the ratio of the side opposite ?DEGREE to the hypotenuse in a right-angled triangle.' s__SquareRootFn__m '(SquareRootFn ?NUMBER) is the principal square root of ?NUMBER.' s__TangentFn__m '(&%TangentFn ?DEGREE) is the tangent of the &%PlaneAngleMeasure ?DEGREE. The tangent of ?DEGREE is the ratio of the side opposite ?DEGREE to the side next to ?DEGREE in a right-angled triangle.' 'An object ?ID is the identity element for BinaryFunction ?FUNCTION just in case, for every instance ?INST, applying ?FUNCTION to ?INST and ?ID results in ?INST.' s__SuccessorFn__m s__TotalValuedRelation__t 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps an &%Integer to its successor, e.g. the successor of 5 is 6.' s__PredecessorFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps an &%Integer to its predecessor, e.g. the predecessor of 5 is 4.' average 'A partial function that relates a &%List to a &%RealNumber, provided that the &%List only has list elements that are &%RealNumbers. The &%RealNumber associated with the &%List is equal to the mathematical average of the &%RealNumbers in the &%List divided by the total number of list elements.' '(subset ?SET1 ?SET2) is true just in case the &%elements of the &%Set ?SET1 are also &%elements of the &%Set ?SET2.' '(element ?ENTITY ?SET) is true just in case ?ENTITY is contained in the &%Set ?SET. An &%Entity can be an &%element of another &%Entity only if the latter is a &%Set.' s__UnionFn__m 'A &%BinaryFunction that maps two &%SetOrClasses to the union of these &%SetOrClasses. An object is an &%element of the union of two &%SetOrClasses just in case it is an &%instance of either &%SetOrClass.' s__IntersectionFn__m 'A &%BinaryFunction that maps two &%SetOrClasses to the intersection of these &%SetOrClasses. An object is an instance of the intersection of two &%SetOrClasses just in case it is an instance of both of those &%SetOrClasses.' s__RelativeComplementFn__m 'A &%BinaryFunction that maps two &%SetOrClasses to the difference between these &%SetOrClasses. More precisely, (&%RelativeComplementFn ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2) denotes the instances of ?CLASS1 that are not also instances of ?CLASS2.' s__ComplementFn__m 'The complement of a given &%SetOrClass C is the &%SetOrClass of all things that are not instances of C. In other words, an object is an instance of the complement of a &%SetOrClass C just in case it is not an instance of C.' s__GeneralizedUnionFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that takes a &%SetOrClass of &%Classes as its single argument and returns a &%SetOrClass which is the merge of all of the &%Classes in the original &%SetOrClass, i.e. the &%SetOrClass containing just those instances which are instances of an instance of the original &%SetOrClass.' s__GeneralizedIntersectionFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that takes a &%SetOrClass of &%Classes as its single argument and returns a &%SetOrClass which is the intersection of all of the &%Classes in the original &%SetOrClass, i.e. the &%SetOrClass containing just those instances which are instances of all instances of the original &%SetOrClass.' s__CardinalityFn__m '(CardinalityFn ?CLASS) returns the number of instances in the &%SetOrClass ?CLASS or the number of members in the ?CLASS &%Collection.' s__NullSet__t s__NullSet 'Any &%SetOrClass that contains no instances.' s__NonNullSet s__NonNullSet__t 'Any &%SetOrClass that contains at least one instance.' s__FiniteSet s__FiniteSet__t 'A &%Set containing a finite number of elements.' s__PairwiseDisjointClass s__PairwiseDisjointClass__t 'A &%SetOrClass is a &%PairwiseDisjointClass just in case every instance of the &%SetOrClass is either &%equal to or &%disjoint from every other instance of the &%SetOrClass.' s__MutuallyDisjointClass s__MutuallyDisjointClass__t 'A &%SetOrClass is a &%MutuallyDisjointClass just in case there exists nothing which is an instance of all of the instances of the original &%SetOrClass.' s__KappaFn__m 'A class-forming operator that takes two arguments: a variable and a formula containing at least one unbound occurrence of the variable. The result of applying &%KappaFn to a variable and a formula is the &%SetOrClass of things that satisfy the formula. For example, we can denote the &%SetOrClass of prime numbers that are less than 100 with the following expression: (KappaFn ?NUMBER (and (instance ?NUMBER PrimeNumber) (lessThan ?NUMBER 100))). Note that the use of this function is discouraged, since there is currently no axiomatic support for it.' 'The &%Class of graphs, where a graph is understood to be a set of &%GraphNodes connected by &%GraphArcs. Note that this &%Class includes only connected graphs, i.e. graphs in which there is a &%GraphPath between any two &%GraphNodes. Note too that every &%Graph is required to contain at least two &%GraphArcs and three &%GraphNodes.' s__DirectedGraph 'The &%Class of directed graphs. A directed graph is a &%Graph in which all &%GraphArcs have direction, i.e. every &%GraphArc has an initial node (see &%InitialNodeFn) and a terminal node (see &%TerminalNodeFn).' s__Tree s__Tree__t s__DirectedGraph__t 'A Tree is a &%DirectedGraph that has no &%GraphLoops.' s__GraphLoop s__GraphCircuit 'Informally, a single, directed route between two &%GraphNodes in a &%Graph. Formally, a &%DirectedGraph that is a &%subGraph of the original &%Graph and such that no two &%GraphArcs in the &%DirectedGraph have the same intial node (see &%InitialNodeFn) or the same terminal node (see &%TerminalNodeFn).' s__GraphCircuit__t s__GraphPath__t 'A &%GraphPath that begins (see &%BeginNodeFn) and ends (see &%EndNodeFn) at the same &%GraphNode.' s__MultiGraph s__MultiGraph__t 'The &%Class of multigraphs. A multigraph is a &%Graph containing at least one pair of &%GraphNodes that are connected by more than one &%GraphArc.' s__PseudoGraph s__PseudoGraph__t s__Graph__t 'The &%Class of pseudographs. A pseudograph is a &%Graph containing at least one &%GraphLoop.' s__GraphElement__t 'Noncompositional parts of &%Graphs. These parts are restricted to &%GraphNodes and &%GraphArcs.' s__GraphNode__t '&%Graphs are comprised of &%GraphNodes and &%GraphArcs. Every &%GraphNode is linked by a &%GraphArc.' s__GraphArc__t '&%Graphs are comprised of &%GraphNodes and &%GraphArcs. Every &%GraphArc links two &%GraphNodes.' s__GraphLoop__t 'A &%GraphArc in which a &%GraphNode is linked to itself.' s__links__m 'a &%TernaryPredicate that specifies the &%GraphArc connecting two &%GraphNodes.' 'A basic relation for &%Graphs and their parts. (&%graphPart ?PART ?GRAPH) means that ?PART is a &%GraphArc or &%GraphNode of the &%Graph ?GRAPH.' 'The relation between two &%Graphs when one &%Graph is a part of the other. (&%subGraph ?GRAPH1 ?GRAPH2) means that ?GRAPH1 is a part of ?GRAPH2.' 'A &%BinaryPredicate that specifies the length (in number of &%GraphNodes) of a &%GraphPath. (&%pathLength ?PATH ?NUMBER) means that there are ?NUMBER nodes in the &%GraphPath ?PATH.' s__InitialNodeFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%GraphArc to the initial node of the &%GraphArc. Note that this is a partial function. In particular, the function is undefined for &%GraphArcs that are not part of a &%DirectedGraph.' s__TerminalNodeFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%GraphArc to the terminal node of the &%GraphArc. Note that this is a partial function. In particular, the function is undefined for &%GraphArcs that are not part of a &%DirectedGraph.' s__BeginNodeFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%GraphPath to the &%GraphNode that is the beginning of the &%GraphPath. Note that, unlike &%InitialNodeFn (which relates a &%GraphArc to a &%GraphNode), &%BeginNodeFn is a total function - every &%GraphPath has a beginning.' s__EndNodeFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%GraphPath to the &%GraphNode that is the end of the &%GraphPath. Note that, unlike &%TerminalNodeFn (which relates a &%GraphArc to a &%GraphNode), &%EndNodeFn is a total function - every &%GraphPath has a end.' 'This predicate indicates the value of a &%GraphArc in a &%Graph. This could map to the length of a road in a road network or the flow rate of a pipe in a plumbing system.' s__PathWeightFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%GraphPath to the sum of the &%arcWeights on the &%GraphArcs in the &%GraphPath.' s__MinimalWeightedPathFn__m 'This &%BinaryFunction assigns two &%GraphNodes to the &%GraphPath with the smallest sum of weighted arcs between the two &%GraphNodes.' s__MaximalWeightedPathFn__m 'This &%BinaryFunction assigns two &%GraphNodes to the &%GraphPath with the largest sum of weighted arcs between the two &%GraphNodes.' s__GraphPathFn__m 'A &%BinaryFunction that maps two &%GraphNodes to the &%Class of &%GraphPaths between those two nodes. Note that the two &%GraphNodes must belong to the same &%Graph.' s__CutSetFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that assigns a &%Graph the &%Class of &%GraphPaths that partition the graph into two separate graphs if cut. There may be more than one cutset for a given graph.' s__MinimalCutSetFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that assigns a &%Graph the &%Class of &%GraphPaths which comprise cutsets for the &%Graph and which have the least number of &%GraphArcs.' '(abstractCounterpart ?AB ?PHYS relates a &%Physical entity to an &%Abstract one which is an idealized model in some dimension of the &%Physical entity. For example, an &%Abstract &%GraphNode could be stated to be the counterpart of an actual &%Computer in a &%ComputerNetwork.' s__PhysicalSystem__t '&%PhysicalSystem is the class of complex &%Physical things. A &%PhysicalSystem may have one or more corresponding abstract &%Graph representations.' '(&%subSystem ?SUB ?SYSTEM) means that the &%PhysicalSystem ?SUB is a part of the &%PhysicalSystem ?SYSTEM.' '(&%systemPart ?PART ?SYSTEM) means that the &%Physical thing ?PART is a &%SystemElement in the &%PhysicalSystem ?SYSTEM.' '(graphMeasure ?GRAPH ?MEAS) fixes a &%UnitOfMeasure that is used for the &%arcWeight of a given &%Graph. Stating such a relationship entails that the components of given graph are the &%abstractCounterparts of sets of &%Physical &%Entity(ies).' 'A standard of measurement for some dimension. For example, the &%Meter is a &%UnitOfMeasure for the dimension of length, as is the &%Inch. There is no intrinsic property of a &%UnitOfMeasure that makes it primitive or fundamental, rather, a system of units (e.g. &%SystemeInternationalUnit) defines a set of orthogonal dimensions and assigns units for each.' s__CompositeUnitOfMeasure 'Instances of this &%Class are &%UnitsOfMeasure defined by the functional composition of other units, each of which might be a &%CompositeUnitOfMeasure or a &%NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure.' s__NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure s__UnitOfMeasure__t 'Instances of this &%Class are &%UnitsOfMeasure that are applied to a single dimension, and so are not intrinsically defined by the functional composition of other units.' s__SystemeInternationalUnit 'The &%Class of Systeme International (SI) units.' s__LengthMeasure__t s__ConstantQuantity__t 'A &%subclass of &%ConstantQuantity, instances of which are measures of length.' s__UnitOfLength s__UnitOfLength__t 'Every instance of this &%Class is a &%UnitOfMeasure that can be used with &%MeasureFn to form instances of &%LengthMeasure.' s__MassMeasure__t 'A &%subclass of &%ConstantQuantity, instances of which are measures of the amount of matter in an &%Object.' s__UnitOfMass 'Every instance of this &%Class is a &%UnitOfMeasure that can be used with &%MeasureFn to form instances of &%MassMeasure, which denote the amount of matter in &%PhysicalObjects.' s__AreaMeasure s__AreaMeasure__t 'Measures of the amount of space in two dimensions.' s__UnitOfArea s__UnitOfArea__t 'Every instance of this &%Class is a &%UnitOfMeasure that can be used with &%MeasureFn to form instances of &%AreaMeasure.' s__VolumeMeasure s__VolumeMeasure__t s__FunctionQuantity__t 'Measures of the amount of space in three dimensions.' s__UnitOfVolume 'Every instance of this &%Class is a &%UnitOfMeasure that can be used with &%MeasureFn to form instances of &%VolumeMeasure.' s__TemperatureMeasure__t 'Measures of temperature. In scientific circles, the temperature of something is understood as the average velocity of the atoms or molecules that make up the thing.' s__UnitOfTemperature 'Every instance of this &%Class is a &%UnitOfMeasure that can be used with &%MeasureFn to form instances of &%TemperatureMeasure.' s__CurrencyMeasure__t 'Instances of this &%subclass of &%ConstantQuantity are measures of &%monetaryValue stated in terms of some &%UnitOfCurrency such as &%UnitedStatesDollar, &%UnitedStatesCent, Lire, Yen, etc.' s__UnitOfCurrency 'Every instance of this &%Class is a &%UnitOfMeasure that can be used with &%MeasureFn to form instances of &%CurrencyMeasure.' s__AngleMeasure 'The value of an angle in a plane or in a solid.' s__UnitOfAngularMeasure s__UnitOfAngularMeasure__t 'Every instance of this &%Class is a &%UnitOfMeasure that can be used with &%MeasureFn to form instances of &%AngleMeasure.' s__PlaneAngleMeasure__t s__AngleMeasure__t 'The value of an angle in a plane.' s__SolidAngleMeasure s__SolidAngleMeasure__t 'The value of an angle in a solid.' s__UnitOfInformation s__UnitOfInformation__t s__NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure__t 'Every instance of this &%Class is a &%UnitOfMeasure that can be used with &%MeasureFn to form instances of &%InformationMeasure.' s__UnitOfDuration s__UnitOfDuration__t 'Every instance of this &%Class is a &%UnitOfMeasure that can be used with &%MeasureFn to form instances of &%TimeDuration. Note that &%TimeDuration is a &%subclass of &%TimeMeasure.' s__MeasureFn__m 'This &%BinaryFunction maps a &%RealNumber and a &%UnitOfMeasure to that &%Number of units. It is used to express `measured instances of &%PhysicalQuantity. Example: the concept of three meters is represented as (&%MeasureFn 3 &%Meter).' s__InformationMeasure s__UnitOfMeasureMultiplier 'Each &%instance of this &%Class is a &%UnaryFunction that, when evaluated on its single argument, a &%UnitOfMeasure, produces another &%UnitOfMeasure that is a numeric multiple of the argument.' s__KiloFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%UnitOfMeasure into a &%UnitOfMeasure that is equal to 1,000 units of the original &%UnitOfMeasure. For example, (&%KiloFn &%Gram) is 1,000 &%Grams.' "1000" s__MegaFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%UnitOfMeasure into a &%UnitOfMeasure that is equal to 1,000,000 units of the original &%UnitOfMeasure. For example, (&%MegaFn &%Hertz) is 1,000,000 &%Hertz.' "1000000" s__GigaFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%UnitOfMeasure into a &%UnitOfMeasure that is equal to 1,000,000,000 units of the original &%UnitOfMeasure. For example, (&%GigaFn &%Hertz) is 1,000,000,000 &%Hertz.' "1000000000" s__TeraFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%UnitOfMeasure into a &%UnitOfMeasure that is equal to 1,000,000,000,000 units of the original &%UnitOfMeasure. For example, (&%TeraFn &%Hertz) is 1,000,000,000,000 &%Hertz.' "1000000000000" s__MilliFn__m s__UnitOfMeasureMultiplier__t 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%UnitOfMeasure into a &%UnitOfMeasure that is equal to .001 units of the original &%UnitOfMeasure. For example, (&%MilliFn &%Gram) is .001 &%Grams.' "0.001" s__MicroFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%UnitOfMeasure into a &%UnitOfMeasure that is equal to .000001 units of the original &%UnitOfMeasure. For example, (&%MicroFn &%Meter) is .000001 &%Meters.' "0.000001" s__NanoFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%UnitOfMeasure into a &%UnitOfMeasure that is equal to .000000001 units of the original &%UnitOfMeasure. For example, (&%MicroFn &%SecondDuration) is .000000001 &%SecondDurations.' "0.000000001" s__PicoFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%UnitOfMeasure into a &%UnitOfMeasure that is equal to .000000000001 units of the original &%UnitOfMeasure. For example, (&%PicoFn &%SecondDuration) is .000000000001 &%SecondDurations.' "0.000000000001" s__IntervalFn__m s__RecurrentTimeIntervalFn__m 'A &%BinaryFunction that maps two instances of &%ConstantQuantity to the &%subclass of &%ConstantQuantity that comprises the interval from the first &%ConstantQuantity to the second &%ConstantQuantity. For example, (&%IntervalFn (&%MeasureFn 8 &%Meter) (&%MeasureFn 14 &%Meter)) would return the &%subclass of &%ConstantQuantity comprising quantities between 8 and 14 meters in length.' s__MagnitudeFn__m 'The magnitude of a &%PhysicalQuantity is the numeric value for the quantity. In other words, &%MagnitudeFn converts a &%PhysicalQuantity with an associated &%UnitOfMeasure into an ordinary &%RealNumber. For example, the magnitude of the &%ConstantQuantity 2 &%Kilometers is the &%RealNumber 2. Note that the magnitude of a quantity in a given unit times that unit is equal to the original quantity.' s__UnitFn__m '&%UnitFn returns just the &%UnitOfMeasure of a &%PhysicalQuantity with an associated &%UnitOfMeasure and &%RealNumber magnitude. For example, the unit of the &%ConstantQuantity (&%MeasureFn 2 &%Kilometer) is the &%UnitOfMeasure &%Kilometer.' s__PerFn__m '&%PerFn maps two instances of &%PhysicalQuantity to the &%FunctionQuantity composed of these two instances. For example, (&%PerFn (&%MeasureFn 2 (&%MicroFn &%Gram)) (&%MeasureFn 1 (&%KiloFn &%Gram))) denotes the &%FunctionQuantity of 2 micrograms per kiogram. This function is useful, because it allows the knowledge engineer to dynamically generate instances of &%FunctionQuantity.' s__DensityFn__m '&%DensityFn maps an instance of &%MassMeasure and an instance of &%VolumeMeasure to the density represented by this proportion of mass and volume. For example, (&%DensityFn (&%MeasureFn 3 &%Gram) (&%MeasureFn 1 &%Liter)) represents the density of 3 grams per liter.' s__SpeedFn__m 'Maps an instance of &%LengthMeasure and an instance of &%TimeDuration to the speed represented by this proportion of distance and time. For example, (&%SpeedFn (&%MeasureFn 55 &%Mile)(&%MeasureFn 1 &%HourDuration)) represents the velocity of 55 miles per hour.' s__VelocityFn__m s__QuaternaryFunction__t 'Specifies the velocity of an object, i.e. the speed and the direction of the speed. For example (&%VelocityFn (&%MeasureFn 55 &%Mile) (&%MeasureFn 2 &%HourDuration) ?REFERENCE &%North) denotes the velocity of 55 miles per hour North of the given reference point ?REFERENCE.' s__Meter 'SI &%UnitOfLength. Symbol: m. It is one of the base units in SI, and it is currently defined as follows: the &%Meter is the length of the path traveled by light in a vacuum during a time interval of 1/299792458 of a &%SecondDuration.' s__Gram 'Submultiple of kilogram. Symbol: g. 1 kilogram = 1000 &%Grams.' s__SecondDuration 'SI &%UnitOfDuration. Symbol: s. It is one of the base units in SI, and it is currently defined as follows: the &%SecondDuration is the duration of 9192631770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the cesium 133 atom.' s__Ampere 'SI electric current measure. Symbol: A. It is one of the base units in SI. It is defined as follows: the &%Ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1 &%Meter apart in a vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2*10^(-7) &%Newton per &%Meter of length.' s__KelvinDegree s__SystemeInternationalUnit__t 'SI &%UnitOfMeasure used with &%MeasureFn to produce terms denoting instances of &%TemperatureMeasure. Symbol: K. It is one of the base units in SI (it is also a unit in the ITS system). Kelvin differs from the Celsius scale in that the triple point of water is defined to be 273.16 &%KelvinDegrees while it is 0 &%CelsiusDegrees. The magnitudes of intervals in the two scales are the same. By definition the conversion constant is 273.15.' s__Mole 'SI amount of substance unit. symbol: mol. It is one of the base units in SI. It is defined as follows: the &%Mole is the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 &%Kilograms of carbon 12. Note that, when this &%UnitOfMeasure is used, the elementary entities must be specified - they may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, etc. or groups of such particles.' s__Candela 'SI luminosity intensity measure. Symbol: cd. It is one of the base units in SI, and it is currently defined as follows: the &%Candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540*10^12 &%Hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 &%Watt per &%Steradian.' s__Liter 'Unit of volume in the metric system. It is currently defined to be equal to one cubic decimeter (0.001 cubic meter). Symbol: l.' s__Centimeter 'Submultiple of &%Meter. Symbol: cm. It is the 100th part of a &%Meter' "0.01" s__Millimeter 'Submultiple of Meter. Symbol: mm. A millimeter is the 1000th part of a meter' s__Kilometer 'Supermultiple of &%Meter. Symbol: km. A &%Meter is the 1000th part of a &%Kilometer' s__Radian 'SI plane angle measure. Symbol: rad. It is the angle of a circle subtended by an arc equal in length to the circles radius. Another definition is: the plane angle between two radii of a circle which cut off on the circumference an arc equal in length to the radius. &%Radian = m/m = 1.' s__Steradian 'SI solid angle measure. Symbol: sr. It is the solid angle of a sphere subtended by a portion of the surface whose area is equal to the square of the spheres radius. Another definition is: the solid angle which, having its vertex in the center of the sphere, cuts off an area of the surface of the sphere equal to that of a square with sides of length equal to the radius of the sphere. &%Steradian = m^2/m^2 = 1.' s__FrequencyMeasure s__FrequencyMeasure__t 'A &%subclass of &%TimeDependentQuantity, instances of which are measures of the frequency with which some &%Process occurs.' s__UnitOfFrequency s__UnitOfFrequency__t 'Every instance of this &%Class is a &%UnitOfMeasure that can be used with &%MeasureFn to form instances of &%FrequencyMeasure.' s__Hertz 'SI frequency measure. Symbol: Hz. It is the number of cycles per second. &%Hertz = s^(-1). Note that &%Hertz does not have a conversion function.' s__Newton 'SI force measure. Symbol: N. It is that force which gives to a mass of 1 kilogram an acceleration of 1 &%Meter per &%SecondDuration. &%Newton = m*kg*s^(-2).' s__Pascal 'SI pressure measure. Symbol:Pa. It is the pressure of one &%Newton per square &%Meter. &%Pascal = N/m^2 = m^(-1)*kg*s^(-2).' s__Joule 'SI energy measure. Symbol: J. It is the work done when the point of application of 1 &%Newton is displaced a distance of 1 &%Meter in the direction of the force. &%Joule = N*m = m^2*kg*s^(-2).' s__Watt 'SI power measure. Symbol: W. A &%UnitOfMeasure that measures power, i.e. energy produced or expended divided by &%TimeDuration. It is the power which gives rise to the production of energy (or work) at the rate of one &%Joule per &%SecondDuration. &%Watt = J/s = m^2*kg*s^(-3).' s__Horsepower 'A power measure that is equal to 746 &%Watts.' "746" s__Coulomb 'SI electric charge measure. Symbol: C. It is the quantity of electric charge transported through a cross section of a conductor in an electric circuit during each &%SecondDuration by a current of 1 &%Ampere. Coulomb = s*A.' s__Volt 'SI electric potential measure. Symbol: V. It is the difference of electric potential between two points of a conducting wire carrying a constant current of 1 &%Ampere, when the power dissipated between these points is equal to 1 &%Watt. &%Volt = W/A = m^2*kg*s^(-3)*A^(-1).' s__Farad 'SI capacitance measure. Symbol: F. It is the capacitance of a capacitator between the plates of which there appears a difference of potential of 1 &%Volt when it is charged by a quantity of electricity equal to 1 Coulomb. &%Farad = C/V = m^(-2)*kg(-1)*s^4*A^2.' s__Ohm 'SI electric resistance measure. It is the electric resistance between two points of a conductor when a constant difference of potential of 1 &%Volt, applied between these two points, produces in this conductor a current of 1 &%Ampere, this conductor not being the force of any electromotive force. &%Ohm = V/A = m^2*kg*s^(-3)*A^(-2).' s__Siemens 'SI electric conductance measure. Symbol: S. In the case of direct current, the conductance in &%Siemens is the reciprocal of the resistance in &%Ohms, in the case of alternating current, it is the reciprocal of the impedance in ohms. siemens = A/V = m^(-2)*kg(-1)*s^(3)*A^2.' s__Weber 'SI magnetic flux measure. Symbol: Wb. It is the magnetic flux which, linking a circuit of one turn, produces in it an electromotive force of 1 &%Volt as it is reduced to zero at a uniform rate in 1 &%SecondDuration. &%Weber = V*s = m^2*kg*s^(-2)*A^(-1).' s__Tesla 'SI magnetic flux density measure. Symbol: T. One &%Tesla equals one &%Weber per square &%Meter. &%Tesla = Wb/m^2 = kg*s^(-2)*A^(-1).' s__Henry 'SI inductance measure. Symbol: H. One &%Henry is equivalent to one &%Volt divided by one &%Ampere per &%SecondDuration. If a current changing at the rate of one &%Ampere per &%SecondDuration induces an electromotive force of one &%Volt, the circuit has an inductance of one &%Henry. &%Henry = Wb/A = m^2*kg*s^(-2)*A^(-2).' s__CelsiusDegree s__CelsiusDegree__t s__UnitOfTemperature__t 'A &%TemperatureMeasure. The freezing point and the boiling point of water are, respectively, 0 &%CelsiusDegrees and 100 &%CelsiusDegrees.' "273.15" "32" "1.8" s__FahrenheitDegree s__Lumen 'SI luminous flux measure. Symbol: lm. It is the amount streaming outward through one solid angle of 1 &%Steradian from a uniform point source having an intensity of one &%Candela. &%Lumen = cd*sr = cd * 1.' s__Lux 'SI illuminance measure. Symbol: lx. It is the amount of illumination provided when one &%Lumen is evenly distributed over an area of 1 square &%Meter. This is also equivalent to the illumination that would exist on a surface all points of which are one &%Meter from a point source of one &%Candela. &%Lux = lm/m^2 = m^(-2)*cd.' s__Becquerel 'SI activity measure. Symbol: Bq. It measures the amount of radioactivity contained in a given sample of matter. It is that quantity of a radioactive element in which there is one atomic disintegration per &%SecondDuration. &%Becquerel = s^(-1).' s__Gray 'SI absorbed dose measure. Symbol: Gy. It measures the dose of radiation absorbed in living tissue. It is equal approximately to the absorbed dose delivered when the energy per unit mass imparted to matter by ionizing radiation is 1 &%Joule per kilogram. &%Gray = J/kg = m^2*s^(-2).' s__Sievert 'SI dose equivalent measure. Symbol: Sv. It is a unit of biologic dose of ionizing radiation. The &%Sievert makes it possible to normalize doses of different types of radiation. It takes into account the relative biologic effectiveness of ionizing radiation, since each form of such radiation--e.g., X rays, gamma rays, neutrons-- has a slightly different effect on living tissue for a given absorbed dose. The dose equivalent of a given type of radiation (in &%Sievert) is the dose of the radiation in &%Gray multiplied by a quality factor that is based on the relative biologic effectiveness of the radiation. Accordingly, one &%Sievert is generally defined as the amount of radiation roughly equivalent in biologic effectiveness to one &%Gray of gamma radiation. &%Sievert = J/kg = m^2*s^(-2)' s__DayDuration 'Time unit. 1 day = 24 hours.' "24" s__HourDuration 'Time unit. 1 hour = 60 minutes.' "60" s__MinuteDuration 'Time unit. 1 minute = 60 seconds. ' s__WeekDuration 'Time unit. A weeks duration is seven days.' "7" s__MonthDuration 'Time unit. A months duration is at least 28 days, and no more than 31 days. Note that this unit is a range, rather than an exact amount, unlike most other units.' "28" "31" s__YearDuration 'Time unit. one calendar year. 1 year = 365 days = 31536000 seconds.' "365" s__Amu 'Atomic mass unit. Symbol: u. It is the mass of the twelfth part of an atom of the Carbon 12 isotope.' "1.6605402E-24" s__ElectronVolt 'The &%ElectronVolt is an energy measure. Symbol: eV. It is the kinetic energy acquired by an electron in passing through a potential difference of 1 &%Volt in a vacuum.' "1.60217733E-19" s__Angstrom 'The &%Angstrom is a &%LengthMeasure. 1 &%Angstrom = 10^(-10) m' "1.0E-10" s__FootLength 'English length unit of feet.' "0.3048" s__Inch 'English length unit of inches.' "0.0254" s__Mile 'English length unit of miles.' "1609.344" s__UnitedStatesGallon s__UnitedKingdomGallon 'Unit of volume commonly used in the United States.' "3.785411784" s__Quart 'English unit of volume equal to 1/4 of a &%UnitedStatesGallon.' s__Pint 'English unit of volume equal to 1/2 of a &%Quart.' s__Cup 'English unit of volume equal to 1/2 of a &%Pint.' s__Ounce 'English unit of volume equal to 1/8 of a &%Cup.' "8" s__UnitOfVolume__t 'Unit of volume commonly used in the United Kingdom.' "4.54609" s__AtomGram s__UnitOfMass__t '&%MassMeasure that is also known as the gram-atom. Defined as the mass in grams of 1 &%Mole of pure substance. For example, 1 &%AtomGram of Carbon 12 will be 12 &%Grams of pure Carbon 12. 2 &%AtomGrams of the same substance will be 24 &%Grams of it. This is an unusual unit in that it is essentially 1 &%Mole of stuff measured in grams, so that the actual value (i.e. mass) depends on the type of substance.' s__Kilogram 'Supermultiple of &%Gramm. Symbol: kg. 1 &%Kilogram = 1000 Grams.' '(&%weight ?O ?MM) means that on planet earth the &%SelfConnectedObject ?O has the weight ?MM.' s__PoundMass 'English mass unit of pounds.' "453.59237" s__Slug 'English mass unit of slugs.' "14593.90" s__RankineDegree 'A &%TemperatureMeasure. Note that 0 &%RankineDegrees is the same as the absolute zero (i.e. 0 &%KelvinDegrees).' 'A &%UnitOfTemperature that is commonly used in the United States. On the Fahrenheit scale, the freezing point of water is 32 &%FahrenheitDegrees, and the boiling point of water is 212 &%FahrenheitDegrees.' s__PoundForce 'English pound of force. The conversion factor depends on the local value of the acceleration of free fall. A mean value is used in the conversion axiom associated with this constant.' "4.448222" s__Calorie s__CompositeUnitOfMeasure__t 'A &%Calorie is an energy measure.' "4.1868" s__BritishThermalUnit 'An energy measure.' "1055.05585262" s__AngularDegree 'A plane angle measure.' "180" "360" s__UnitedStatesDollar 'A currency measure.' s__UnitedStatesCent 'A currency measure. 1 &%UnitedStatesCent is equal to .01 &%UnitedStatesDollars.' s__EuroDollar s__UnitOfCurrency__t 'A currency measure of most European Union countries.' s__EuroCent 'A currency measure. 1 &%EuroCent is equal to .01 &%EuroDollars.' s__InformationMeasure__t 'Measures of the amount of information. Includes &%Bit, &%Byte, and multiples of these, e.g. &%KiloByte and &%MegaByte.' s__Bit 'One &%Bit of information. A one or a zero.' s__Byte 'One &%Byte of information. A &%Byte is eight &%Bits.' s__KiloByte 'One &%KiloByte (KB) of information. One &%KiloByte is 1024 &%Bytes. Note that this sense of kilo is different from the one accepted in the SI system.' "1024" s__MegaByte 'One &%MegaByte (MB) of information. One &%MegaByte is 1024 &%KiloBytes. Note that this sense of mega is different from the one accepted in the SI system.' 'A very general &%Predicate for asserting that a particular &%Object is measured by a particular &%PhysicalQuantity. In general, the second argument of this &%Predicate will be a term produced with the &%Function &%MeasureFn.' 'Simply relates an &%Object to a &%ConstantQuantity specifying the age of the &%Object.' '&%BinaryPredicate that is used to state the measure of an &%Object from one point to another point along its surface. Note that the difference between the predicates &%length and &%distance is that the &%length is used to state the &%LengthMeasure of one of the dimensions of a single object, while &%distance is used to state the &%LengthMeasure that separates two distinct objects.' '&%BinaryPredicate that is used to state the measure of an &%Object from side to side at its widest span.' 'The height of an &%Object is the distance between its &%top and its &%bottom.' '&%BinaryPredicate that is used to state the measure of an &%Object along its longest span.' s__Oval s__ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure s__Oval__t 'The class of &%ClosedTwoDimensionalFigures that are produced by the intersection of a &%Cone with a &%ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure.' s__Circle__t 'The class of &%Ovals such that all &%GeometricPoints that make up the &%Circle are equidistant from a single &%GeometricPoint, known as the center of the &%Circle.' s__CenterOfCircleFn__m '(CenterOfCircleFn ?CIRCLE) denotes the &%GeometricPoint that is the center of the &%Circle ?CIRCLE.' '(&%radius ?CIRCLE ?LENGTH) means that the radius of the &%Circle ?CIRCLE has a length of ?LENGTH.' '(&%diameter ?CIRCLE ?LENGTH) means that the diameter of the &%Circle ?CIRCLE has a length of ?LENGTH.' s__distance__m '(&%distance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?QUANT) means that the shortest distance between the two objects ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2 is ?QUANT. Note that the difference between the predicates &%length and &%distance is that the &%length is used to state the &%LengthMeasure of one of the dimensions of a single object, while &%distance is used to state the &%LengthMeasure that separates two distinct objects.' s__altitude__m 'A &%TernaryPredicate that is used to state the &%distance between the &%top of an &%Object and another point that is below the &%top of the &%Object (often this other point will be sea level). Note that this &%Predicate can be used to specify, for example, the height of geographic features, e.g. mountains, the altitude of aircraft, and the orbit of satellites around the Earth.' s__Above s__depth__m s__SingleValuedRelation__t 'A &%TernaryPredicate that is used to state the &%distance between the &%top of an &%Object and another point that is above the &%top of the &%Object (often this other point will be sea level). Note that this &%Predicate can be used to specify, for example, the depth of marine life or submarines, for example.' s__Below '(&%larger ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is larger, with respect to all &%LengthMeasures, than ?OBJ2.' '(&%smaller ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is smaller, with respect to all &%LengthMeasures, than ?OBJ2.' 'A &%BinaryPredicate that associates an &%Object or &%Process with its value expressed as an instance of &%CurrencyMeasure.' s__WealthFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps an &%Agent to a &%CurrencyMeasure specifying the value of the property owned by the &%Agent. Note that this &%Function is generally used in conjunction with the &%Function &%PropertyFn, e.g. (&%WealthFn (&%PropertyFn BillGates)) would return the monetary value of the sum of Bill Gates holdings.' '(&%barometricPressure ?AREA ?PRESSURE) means that the atmospheric pressure measured at ?AREA is ?PRESSURE. Barometric pressure is typically expressed in units of &%InchMercury or &%MmMercury. For example, standard sea level pressure is 29.92 inches (760 mm) of mercury: (&%barometricPressure &%SeaLevel (&%MeasureFn 29.92 &%InchMercury)).' s__UnitOfAtmosphericPressure__t '&%UnitOfAtmosphericPressure includes those instances of &%UnitOfMeasure used to measure atmospheric pressure (&%barometricPressure), e.g., &%InchMercury.' s__InchMercury '&%InchMercury is a &%UnitOfMeasure for &%barometricPressure. It is used to express the number of inches of mercury supported in a mercurial barometer by the surrounding air pressure.' s__MmMercury '&%MmMercury is a &%UnitOfMeasure for &%barometricPressure. It is used to express the number of millimeters of mercury supported in a mercurial barometer by the surrounding air pressure.' s__PositiveInfinity s__TimePoint__t 'The &%TimePoint that is after all other &%TimePoints.' s__NegativeInfinity 'The &%TimePoint that is before all other &%TimePoints.' '(&%duration ?POS ?TIME) means that the duration of the &%TimePosition ?POS is ?TIME. Note that this &%Predicate can be used in conjunction with the &%Function &%WhenFn to specify the duration of any instance of &%Physical.' '(&%frequency ?PROC ?TIME) means that the &%Process type of ?PROC recurs after every interval of ?TIME.' '(? [V__INST] : (s__instance(V__POSITION,s__TimePosition) & s__instance(V__INST,V__PROC)))' s__PartialOrderingRelation__t 'The temporal analogue of the spatial &%part predicate. (&%temporalPart ?POS1 ?POS2) means that &%TimePosition ?POS1 is part of &%TimePosition ?POS2. Note that since &%temporalPart is a &%ReflexiveRelation every &%TimePostion is a &%temporalPart of itself.' s__BeginFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%TimeInterval to the &%TimePoint at which the interval begins.' s__EndFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%TimeInterval to the &%TimePoint at which the interval ends.' '(&%starts ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that ?INTERVAL1 and ?INTERVAL2 are both &%TimeIntervals that have the same initial &%TimePoint and that ?INTERVAL1 ends before ?INTERVAL2.' '(&%finishes ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that ?INTERVAL1 and ?INTERVAL2 are both &%TimeIntervals that have the same ending &%TimePoint and that ?INTERVAL2 begins before ?INTERVAL1.' '(&%before ?POINT1 ?POINT2) means that ?POINT1 precedes ?POINT2 on the universal timeline.' '(&%beforeOrEqual ?POINT1 ?POINT2) means that ?POINT1 is identical with ?POINT2 or occurs before it on the universal timeline.' s__temporallyBetween__m s__temporallyBetweenOrEqual__m '(&%temporallyBetween ?POINT1 ?POINT2 ?POINT3) means that the &%TimePoint ?POINT2 is between the &%TimePoints ?POINT1 and ?POINT3, i.e. ?POINT1 is before ?POINT2 and ?POINT2 is before ?POINT3.' '(&%temporallyBetweenOrEqual ?POINT1 ?POINT2 ?POINT3) means that the &%TimePoint ?POINT1 is before or equal to the &%TimePoint ?POINT2 and ?POINT2 is before or equal to the &%TimePoint ?POINT3.' '(&%overlapsTemporally ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that the &%TimeIntervals ?INTERVAL1 and ?INTERVAL2 have a &%TimeInterval as a common part.' '(&%during ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that ?INTERVAL1 starts after and ends before ?INTERVAL2.' '(&%meetsTemporally ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that the terminal point of the &%TimeInterval ?INTERVAL1 is the initial point of the &%TimeInterval ?INTERVAL2.' s__TemporalRelation__t '(&%earlier ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that the &%TimeInterval ?INTERVAL1 ends before the &%TimeInterval ?INTERVAL2 begins.' '(&%cooccur ?THING1 ?THING2) means that the &%Object or &%Process ?THING1 occurs at the same time as, together with, or jointly with the &%Object or &%Process ?THING2. This covers the following temporal relations: is co-incident with, is concurrent with, is contemporaneous with, and is concomitant with.' s__TimeIntervalFn__m 'A &%BinaryFunction that takes two &%TimePoints as arguments and returns the &%TimeInterval defined by these two &%TimePoints. Note that the first &%TimePoint must occur earlier than the second &%TimePoint.' 'A function that is useful for generating recurring time intervals. For example, (&%RecurrentTimeIntervalFn (&%HourFn 6 &%Day) (&%HourFn 12 &%Day)) returns the &%Class of &%TimeIntervals beginning at 6 in the morning and ending at 12 noon. For another example, (&%RecurrentTimeInterval &%Saturday &%Sunday) returns the &%Class of all weekends. For still another example, (&%RecurrentTimeInterval &%June &%August) returns the &%Class containing the academic summer period.' 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps an &%Object or &%Process to the exact &%TimeInterval during which it exists. Note that, for every &%TimePoint ?TIME outside of the &%TimeInterval (WhenFn ?THING), (time ?THING ?TIME) does not hold.' s__PastFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%TimePosition to the &%TimeInterval that meets it and that begins at &%NegativeInfinity.' s__ImmediatePastFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%TimePosition to a short, indeterminate &%TimeInterval that immediately precedes the &%TimePosition.' s__FutureFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%TimePosition to the &%TimeInterval which it meets and which ends at &%PositiveInfinity.' s__ImmediateFutureFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%TimePosition to a short, indeterminate &%TimeInterval that immediately follows the &%TimePosition.' 'A &%BinaryPredicate that specifies a &%TimePosition in absolute calendar time, at the resolution of one day, for a particular &%Object or &%Process.' s__YearFn__m s__Year 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps a number to the corresponding calendar &%Year. For example, (&%YearFn 1912) returns the &%Class containing just one instance, the year of 1912. As might be expected, positive integers return years in the Common Era, while negative integers return years in B.C.E. Note that this function returns a &%Class as a value. The reason for this is that the related functions, viz. &%MonthFn, &%DayFn, &%HourFn, &%MinuteFn, and &%SecondFn, are used to generate both specific &%TimeIntervals and recurrent intervals, and the only way to do this is to make the domains and ranges of these functions classes rather than individuals.' s__MonthFn__m s__Month 'A &%BinaryFunction that maps a subclass of &%Month and a subclass of &%Year to the class containing the &%Months corresponding to thos &%Years. For example (&%MonthFn &%January (&%YearFn 1912)) is the class containing the eighth &%Month, i.e. August, of the &%Year 1912. For another example, (&%MonthFn &%August &%Year) is equal to &%August, the class of all months of August. Note that this function returns a &%Class as a value. The reason for this is that the related functions, viz. DayFn, HourFn, MinuteFn, and SecondFn, are used to generate both specific &%TimeIntervals and recurrent intervals, and the only way to do this is to make the domains and ranges of these functions classes rather than individuals.' s__DayFn__m 'A &%BinaryFunction that assigns a &%PositiveRealNumber and a subclass of &%Months to the &%Days within each &%Month corresponding to that &%PositiveRealNumber. For example, (&%DayFn 16 &%August) is the &%Class of all sixteenth days of August. For another example, (&%DayFn 9 &%Month) would return the class of all ninth days of any month. For still another example, (&%DayFn 18 (&%MonthFn &%August (&%YearFn 1912))) denotes the 18th day of August 1912.' s__HourFn__m s__Hour 'A &%BinaryFunction that assigns a &%PositiveRealNumber and a subclass of &%Days to the &%Hours within each &%Day corresponding to that &%NonnegativeInteger. For example, (&%HourFn 12 &%Thursday) is the &%Class of all instances of noon Thursday. For another example, (&%HourFn 0 &%Day) would return the class of all instances of midnight. For still another example, (&%HourFn 14 (&%DayFn 18 (&%MonthFn &%August (&%YearFn 1912)))) denotes 2 PM on the 18th day of August 1912.' s__MinuteFn__m s__Minute 'A &%BinaryFunction that assigns a &%PositiveRealNumber and a subclass of &%Hours to the &%Minutes within each &%Hour corresponding to that &%NonnegativeInteger. For example, (&%MinuteFn 30 (&%HourFn 17 &%Day)) is the &%Class of all 5:30s in the afternoon. For another example, (&%MinuteFn 15 &%Hour) would return the class of all instances of quarter past the hour. For still another example, (&%MinuteFn 15 (&%HourFn 14 (&%DayFn 18 (&%MonthFn &%August (&%YearFn 1912))))) denotes 15 minutes after 2 PM on the 18th day of August 1912.' s__SecondFn__m s__Second 'A &%BinaryFunction that assigns a &%PositiveRealNumber and a subclass of &%Minutes to the &%Seconds within each &%Minute corresponding to that &%PositiveRealNumber. For example, (&%SecondFn 4 (&%MinuteFn 5 &%Hour)) is the &%Class of all fourth &%Seconds of every fifth &%Minute of every hour. For another example, (&%SecondFn 8 &%Minute) would return the eighth second of every minute. For still another example, (&%SecondFn 9 (&%MinuteFn 15 (&%HourFn 14 (&%DayFn 18 (&%MonthFn &%August (&%YearFn 1912)))))) denotes 9 seconds and 15 minutes after 2 PM on the 18th day of August 1912.' s__Year__t 'The &%Class of all calendar &%Years.' s__LeapYear s__LeapYear__t 'The &%Class of all leap years. These are years which are either (i.) evenly divisible by 4 and not by 100 or (ii.) evenly divisible by 400 (this latter case is known as a leap century).' "100" "400" 'The &%Class of all calendar &%Months.' s__January s__January__t 'The &%Class of all &%Months which are January.' s__February s__February__t 'The &%Class of all &%Months which are February.' "29" s__March s__March__t 'The &%Class of all &%Months which are March.' s__April s__April__t 'The &%Class of all &%Months which are April.' "30" s__May s__May__t 'The &%Class of all &%Months which are May.' s__June s__June__t s__Month__t 'The &%Class of all &%Months which are June.' s__July s__July__t 'The &%Class of all &%Months which are July.' s__August s__August__t 'The &%Class of all &%Months which are August.' s__September s__September__t 'The &%Class of all &%Months which are September.' s__October s__October__t 'The &%Class of all &%Months which are October.' s__November s__November__t 'The &%Class of all &%Months which are November.' s__December s__December__t 'The &%Class of all &%Months which are December.' 'The &%Class of all calendar &%Days.' s__Monday s__Monday__t 'The &%Class of all calendar Mondays.' s__Tuesday s__Tuesday__t 'The &%Class of all calendar Tuesdays.' s__Week s__Wednesday s__Wednesday__t 'The &%Class of all calendar Wednesdays.' s__Thursday s__Thursday__t 'The &%Class of all calendar Thursdays.' s__Friday s__Friday__t 'The &%Class of all calendar Fridays.' s__Saturday s__Saturday__t 'The &%Class of all calendar Saturdays.' s__Sunday s__Sunday__t s__Day__t 'The &%Class of all calendar Sundays.' s__Week__t 'The &%Class of all calendar weeks.' s__Hour__t 'The &%Class of all clock &%Hours.' s__Minute__t 'The &%Class of all clock &%Minutes.' s__Second__t 'The &%Class of all clock &%Seconds.' s__TemporalCompositionFn__m 'The basic &%Function for expressing the composition of larger &%TimeIntervals out of smaller &%TimeIntervals. For example, if &%ThisSeptember is an &%instance of &%September, (&%TemporalCompositionFn &%ThisSeptember &%Day) denotes the &%Class of consecutive days that make up &%ThisSeptember. Note that one can obtain the number of instances of this &%Class by using the function &%CardinalityFn.' "12" '(connected ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 &%meetsSpatially ?OBJ2 or that ?OBJ1 &%overlapsSpatially ?OBJ2.' s__connects__m 'The relationship between three things, when one of the three things connects the other two. More formally, (&%connects ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3) means that (&%connected ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) and (&%connected ?OBJ1 ?OBJ3) and not (&%connected ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3).' '(&%meetsSpatially ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2 are &%connected but that neither ?OBJ1 nor ?OBJ2 &%overlapsSpatially the other.' s__ReflexiveRelation__t '(&%overlapsSpatially ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that the &%Objects ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2 have some parts in common. This is a reflexive and symmetric (but not transitive) relation.' '(&%overlapsPartially ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2 have part(s) in common, but neither ?OBJ1 nor ?OBJ2 is a &%part of the other.' '(&%superficialPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is a part of ?OBJ2 that has no interior parts of its own (or, intuitively, that only overlaps those parts of ?OBJ2 that are externally connected with the mereological complement of ?OBJ2). This too is a transitive relation closed under &%MereologicalSumFn and &%MereologicalProductFn.' '(&%surface ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is a maximally connected &%superficialPart of ?OBJ2. Note that some &%SelfConnectedObjects have more than one surface, e.g. a hollow object like a tennis ball has both an inner and an outer surface.' '(&%interiorPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is part ?OBJ2 and there is no overlap between ?OBJ1 and any &%superficialPart ?OBJ2.' '(&%bottom ?BOTTOM ?OBJECT) holds if ?BOTTOM is the lowest or deepest maximal superficial part of ?OBJECT.' '(&%top ?TOP ?OBJECT) means that ?TOP is the highest maximal superficial part of ?OBJECT.' '(&%side ?SIDE ?OBJECT) means that ?SIDE is a side of the object, as opposed to the &%top or &%bottom.' s__MereologicalSumFn__m s__MereologicalProductFn__m s__MereologicalDifferenceFn__m '(&%MereologicalSumFn ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) denotes the &%Object consisting of the parts which belong to either ?OBJ1 or ?OBJ2.' s__BinaryFunction__t '(&%MereologicalProductFn ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) denotes the &%Object consisting of the parts which belong to both ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2.' '(&%MereologicalDifferenceFn ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) denotes the &%Object consisting of the parts which belong to ?OBJ1 and not to ?OBJ2.' '(&%hole ?HOLE ?OBJ) means that ?HOLE is a &%Hole in ?OBJ. A &%Hole is a fillable body located at the &%surface an &%Object.' s__Hole__t 'A hole is an immaterial body located at the surface of an &%Object. Since every &%Hole is ontologically dependent on its host (i.e., the object in which it is a hole), being a &%Hole is defined as being a &%hole in something. Note that two &%Holes may occupy the same region, or part of the same region, without sharing any parts. Any two hosts of a hole have a common proper part that entirely hosts the hole. A common host of two holes hosts all parts of the sum of those holes. Any object that includes the host of a hole is a host of that hole, unless its parts also include parts of that very hole. Overlapping holes have overlapping hosts. No hole is atomic. Holes are connected with their hosts. No hole can have a proper part that is externally connected with exactly the same things as the hole itself.' s__HoleHostFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%Hole to the &%Object which is its principal host. The principle host of a &%Hole is its maximally connected host (a notion taken here to be defined only when the argument is a hole).' s__Fillable s__ShapeAttribute 'Something is &%Fillable if it can be filled by something else. Note that filled here means perfectly filled. Something is fillable just in case it is part of a hole, i.e., fillability is an exclusive property of holes and their parts.' s__AsymmetricRelation__t '(&%partiallyFills ?OBJ ?HOLE) means that ?OBJ &%completelyFills some part of ?HOLE. Note that if (&%partiallyFills ?OBJ1 ?HOLE) and (&%part ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2), then (&%partiallyFills ?OBJ2 ?HOLE). Note too that a partial filler need not be wholly inside a hole (it may stick out), which means that every complete filler also qualifies as (is a limit case of) a partial one.' '(&%properlyFills ?OBJ ?HOLE) means that ?HOLE is properly (though perhaps incompletely) filled by ?OBJ, i.e. some part of ?HOLE is perfectly filled by ?OBJ. Note that &%properlyFills is the dual of &%completelyFills, and is so related to &%partiallyFills that ?OBJ &%properlyFills ?HOLE just in case ?OBJ &%partiallyFills every part of ?HOLE. (Thus, every perfect filler is both complete and proper in this sense). Every hole is connected with everything with which a proper filler of the hole is connected. Every proper part of a perfect filler of (a part of) a hole properly fills (that part of) that hole.' '(&%completelyFills ?OBJ ?HOLE) means that some &%part of the &%Object ?OBJ fills the &%Hole ?HOLE. Note that if (&%completelyFills ?OBJ1 ?HOLE) and (&%part ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2), then (&%completelyFills ?OBJ2 ?HOLE). A complete filler of (a part of) a hole is connected with everything with which (that part of) the hole itself is connected. A perfect filler of (a part of) a hole completely fills every proper part of (that part of) that hole.' 'Holes can be filled. (&%fills ?OBJ ?HOLE) means that the &%Object ?OBJ fills the &%Hole ?HOLE. Note that &%fills here means perfectly filled. Perfect fillers and fillable entities have no parts in common (rather, they may occupy the same spatial region).' s__HoleSkinFn__m 'A &%UnaryFunction that maps a &%Hole to the skin of the &%Hole. The skin of a &%Hole is the fusion of those superficial parts (see &%superficialPart) of the &%Holes principal host (see &%HoleHostFn) with which the &%Hole is externally connected.' '(&%subProcess ?SUBPROC ?PROC) means that ?SUBPROC is a subprocess of ?PROC. A subprocess is here understood as a temporally distinguished part (proper or not) of a &%Process.' s__BiologicalProcess s__InternalChange 'A &%Process embodied in an &%Organism.' s__PhysiologicProcess s__PhysiologicProcess__t 'A normal process of an &%Organism or part of an &%Organism.' s__AutonomicProcess 'The class of &%PhysiologicProcesses of which there is not conscious awareness and control.' s__OrganOrTissueProcess s__OrganOrTissueProcess__t s__OrganismProcess 'A &%PhysiologicProcess of a particular &%Organ or &%Tissue.' s__Organ s__Tissue 'A physiologic function of the &%Organism as a whole, of multiple organ systems or of multiple &%Organs or &%Tissues.' s__Birth s__Birth__t s__OrganismProcess__t 'The &%Process of being born.' s__Death s__Death__t 'The &%Process of dying.' s__Breathing s__Breathing__t 'The &%Process of respiration, by which oxygen is made available to an &%Animal. This covers processes of inhalation, exhalation, and alternations between the two.' s__Ingesting 'The &%Process by which food is taken into an &%Animal.' s__Eating s__Eating__t 'The &%Process by which solid food is incorporated into an &%Animal.' s__Solid s__Drinking s__Drinking__t s__Ingesting__t 'The &%Process by which liquid food, i.e. &%Beverages, are incorporated into an &%Animal.' s__Liquid s__Digesting s__Digesting__t 'The &%Process by which &%Food that has been ingested is broken down into simpler chemical compounds and absorbed by the &%Organism.' s__ChemicalDecomposition s__Growth s__Growth__t s__AutonomicProcess__t 'The &%Process of biological development in which an &%Organism or part of an &%Organism changes its form or its size.' s__Replication 'The &%Process of biological reproduction. This can be either a sexual or an asexual process.' s__ReproductiveBody s__SexualReproduction s__SexualReproduction__t s__Replication__t s__AsexualReproduction 'Sexual &%Processes of biological reproduction.' s__AsexualReproduction__t 'Asexual &%Processes of biological reproduction.' s__PsychologicalProcess 'A &%BiologicalProcess which takes place in the mind or brain of an &%Organism and which may be manifested in the behavior of the &%Organism.' s__PathologicProcess s__PathologicProcess__t s__BiologicalProcess__t 'A disordered process, activity, or state of the &%Organism as a whole, of a body system or systems, or of multiple &%Organs or &%Tissues. Included here are normal responses to a negative stimulus as well as patholologic conditions or states that are less specific than a disease. Pathologic functions frequently have systemic effects.' s__DiseaseOrSyndrome s__Injuring s__Damaging s__Injuring__t s__Damaging__t 'The process of creating a traumatic wound or injury. Since &%Injuring is not possible without some biologic function of the organism being injured, it is a subclass of &%BiologicalProcess.' s__AnatomicalStructure s__Poisoning s__Poisoning__t 'A &%Poisoning is caused by an external substance. Since &%Poisoning is not possible without some biologic function which affects the &%Organism being injured, it is a subclass of &%BiologicalProcess.' s__BiologicallyActiveSubstance s__NaturalProcess 'A &%Process that take place in nature spontanously.' s__NaturalProcess__t 'A &%Process that has a specific purpose for the &%CognitiveAgent who performs it.' s__IntentionalPsychologicalProcess s__PsychologicalProcess__t 'An &%IntentionalProcess that can be realized entirely within the mind or brain of an &%Organism. Thus, for example, &%Reasoning is a subclass of &%IntentionalPsychologicalProcess, because one can reason simply by exercising ones mind/brain. On the other hand, &%RecreationOrExercise is not a subclass of &%IntentionalPsychologicalProcess, because many instances of &%RecreationOrExercise necessarily have &%subProcesses of &%BodyMotion.' s__RecreationOrExercise s__RecreationOrExercise__t 'A &%Process that is carried out for the purpose of recreation or exercise. Since &%RecreationOrExercise is a subclass of &%IntentionalProcess, the intent of a process determines whether or not it is an instance of the class. Hence, if John and Bill watch the same program on television, and John watches it to relax while Bill watches it solely to satisfy an educational requirement, then Johns watching the movie is an instance of &%RecreationOrExercise, while Bills is not (both cases of watching the television program would however be in the class of &%Seeing, since being an instance of this latter class is not determined by intention).' s__OrganizationalProcess 'An &%IntentionalProcess that involves an &%Organization.' s__Election s__Election__t '&%Election is the class of events conducted by an organization, in which qualified participants vote for officers, adopt resolutions, or settle other issues in that &%Organization.' s__ReligiousProcess s__ReligiousProcess__t 'An &%OrganizationalProcess that is carried out within or by a &%ReligiousOrganization.' s__ReligiousOrganization s__JoiningAnOrganization s__JoiningAnOrganization__t 'The &%OrganizationalProcess of becoming a &%member of an &%Organization.' s__LeavingAnOrganization 'The &%OrganizationalProcess of leaving an &%Organization, whether voluntarily or involuntarily.' s__Graduation s__Graduation__t s__LeavingAnOrganization__t 'The &%OrganizationalProcess of graduating from an &%EducationalOrganization.' s__Matriculation s__Matriculation__t 'The &%OrganizationalProcess of joining an &%EducationalOrganization as a student.' s__Hiring s__Hiring__t '&%OrganizationalProcesses where someone is made an employee of an &%Organization.' s__TerminatingEmployment s__TerminatingEmployment__t '&%OrganizationalProcesses where someone ceases to be an employee of an &%Organization. Note that this covers being laid off, being fired, and voluntarily leaving a job.' s__PoliticalProcess s__PoliticalProcess__t s__OrganizationalProcess__t 'An &%OrganizationalProcess carried out by, for or against officially constituted governments. Some examples would be voting on proposed legislation, electing a government representative, or even overthrowing a government in a revolution.' s__Government s__JudicialProcess 'Any legal proceeding which is conducted by a &%JudicialOrganization. Note that there is an important difference between the concepts &%LegalAction and &%JudicialProcess. The former refers to legal claims that are brought by a plaintiff, e.g. law suits, while the second refers to trials and other sorts of judicial hearings where the merits of a &%LegalAction are decided.' s__JudicialOrganization s__LegalDecision s__LegalDecision__t s__JudicialProcess__t s__Declaring 'A decision issued by a court with respect to a &%LegalAction. Note that a &%LegalDecision is the act of &%Declaring a decision of a court, it is not the act of judge or jury &%Deciding the merits of a particular &%LegalAction.' s__Deciding s__MilitaryProcess s__MilitaryProcess__t 'Any &%Process that is carried out by a military organization. Note that this class covers &%Processes, e.g. military operations, that are the result of careful planning, as well as those which are unscripted.' s__RegulatoryProcess s__Guiding s__RegulatoryProcess__t 'an &%Guiding whose aim is the enforcement of rules or regulations. Note the key differences between &%RegulatoryProcess and the related concept &%Managing. The latter implies a long-term relationship between a single manager and limited number of agents who are managed, while the former implies a normative standard to which the activities of the regulated are referred.' s__Managing s__Managing__t '&%OrganizationalProcesses that involve overseeing the activities of others. Note the key differences between &%RegulatoryProcess and its sibling &%Managing. The latter implies a long-term relationship between the manager and the managed, while the former implies a normative standard to which the activities of the regulated are referred.' s__Planning__t 'Specifying a set of actions in order to meet a set of goals or objectives.' s__Designing s__Designing__t 'The spatial analogue of &%Planning. &%Designing a &%Collection of &%Objects involves determining a placement of the &%Objects with respect to one another and perhaps other &%Objects as well, in order to satisfy a particular purpose.' s__Interpreting s__Interpreting__t 'Any &%Process of assigning a &%Proposition to a &%Text, i.e. understanding the &%Text.' s__QuantityChange s__Increasing s__Decreasing 'Any &%InternalChange where a &%PhysicalQuantity associated with the &%patient is altered.' s__Putting 'Any &%QuantityChange where the &%PhysicalQuantity is increased.' '(s__MeasureFn(V__OBJ,V__UNIT) = V__QUANT1)' '(s__MeasureFn(V__OBJ,V__UNIT) = V__QUANT2)' s__Heating s__Heating__t s__Increasing__t s__Cooling 'Any &%Increasing &%Process where the &%PhysicalQuantity increased is a &%TemperatureMeasure.' s__QuantityChange__t s__Removing 'Any &%QuantityChange where the &%PhysicalQuantity is decreased.' s__Cooling__t s__Decreasing__t 'Any &%Decreasing &%Process where the &%PhysicalQuantity decreased is a &%TemperatureMeasure.' '(&%moves ?MOTION ?OBJECT) means that during the &%Motion event ?MOTION, ?OBJECT moves. This does not necessarily imply that the location of ?OBJECT changes during ?MOTION. See also &%changesLocation and &%Translocation.' '(&%changesLocation ?EVENT ?OBJECT) means that during the &%Translocation event ?EVENT, ?OBJECTs location changes. ?OBJECT might also be the &%agent, &%patient, or &%experiencer of ?EVENT.' s__Motion__t s__Process__t 'Any &%Process of movement.' s__MotionUpward s__MotionUpward__t s__MotionDownward '&%Motion where an &%Object is moving away from the ground.' s__MotionDownward__t '&%Motion where an &%Object is moving toward the ground.' '(&%path ?MOTION ?PATH) means that ?PATH is a route along which ?MOTION occurs. For example, Highway 101 is the path in the following proposition: the car drove up Highway 101.' s__BodyMotion 'Any &%Motion where the &%agent is an &%Organism and the &%patient is a &%BodyPart.' s__BodyPart s__VocalCords s__VocalCords__t 'The vocal cords, are composed of two folds of mucous membrane stretched horizontally across the larynx. They vibrate, modulating the flow of air being expelled from the lungs during &%Vocalizing. ' s__Vocalizing s__RadiatingSound s__Vocalizing__t 'Any instance of &%RadiatingSound where the instrument is the vocal cord. This covers grunts, screams, raors, as well as &%Speaking.' s__Speaking s__LinguisticCommunication s__Speaking__t 'Any &%LinguisticCommunication by a &%Human which involves his/her vocal cords.' s__Ambulating s__BodyMotion__t s__Walking s__Running 'Any &%BodyMotion which is accomplished by means of the legs of an &%Animal for the purpose of moving from one point to another.' s__Walking__t '&%Ambulating relatively slowly, i.e. moving in such a way that at least one foot is always in contact with the ground.' s__Running__t s__Ambulating__t '&%Ambulating relatively quickly, i.e. moving in such a way that, with each step, neither foot is in contact with the ground for a period of time.' s__Swimming s__Swimming__t 'Any deliberate and controlled &%BodyMotion through water that is accomplished by an &%Organism.' s__Dancing s__Dancing__t 'Any &%BodyMotion of &%Humans which is deliberately coordinated with music.' s__GeologicalProcess s__GeologicalProcess__t 'The class of activities that are caused by geological forces and affect geological features, and which may affect the biosphere as well.' s__WeatherProcess '&%WeatherProcess is the broadest class of processes that involve weather, including weather seasons (not to be confused with instances of &%SeasonOfYear), weather systems, and short-term weather events.' s__Precipitation s__Precipitation__t s__WeatherProcess__t s__WaterMotion s__Falling '&%Precipitation is the process of water molecules falling from the air to the ground, in either a liquid or frozen state.' s__Water s__LiquidMotion 'Any &%Motion where the &%patient is a &%Liquid. This class would cover, in particular, the flow of &%Water.' s__WaterMotion__t s__LiquidMotion__t 'Any &%LiquidMotion where the &%Liquid is &%Water.' s__GasMotion s__GasMotion__t 'Any &%Motion where the &%patient is a &%Gas. This class would cover, in particular, the motion of &%Air, e.g. a breeze or wind.' s__Gas s__Wind s__Wind__t 'Any &%Motion of &%Air.' s__DirectionChange s__DirectionChange__t 'The act of changing the direction in which the &%patient of the act is oriented.' s__Transfer s__Translocation__t 'Any &%instance of &%Translocation where the &%agent and the &%patient are not the same thing.' s__Carrying s__Carrying__t s__Transfer__t '&%Transfer from one point to another by means of an &%Animal or &%Human.' 'The &%Class of &%Processes where something is taken away from a location. Note that the thing removed and the location are specified with the &%CaseRoles &%patient and &%origin, respectively.' s__Uncovering s__Uncovering__t s__Covering 'The &%Class of &%Removing processes where the &%agent uncovers the &%patient, either completely or only partially.' s__Putting__t 'The &%Class of &%Processes where something is put in a location. Note that the location is specified with the &%CaseRole &%destination.' s__Covering__t 'The &%Class of &%Putting processes where the &%agent covers the &%patient, either completely or only partially, with something else.' s__Inserting s__Inserting__t '&%Putting one thing inside of another thing.' s__Injecting s__Injecting__t '&%Inserting a &%BiologicallyActiveSubstance into an &%Animal or a &%Human with a syringe.' s__Substituting s__Substituting__t s__DualObjectProcess__t 'The &%Class of &%Transfers where one thing is replaced with something else.' s__Impelling s__Impelling__t 'The &%subclass of &%Transfer where the &%patient travels through space by means of a sudden, forceful event. Some examples would be shooting, throwing, tossing, etc.' s__Shooting s__Shooting__t 'The &%subclass of &%Impelling where the &%patient is a projectile that is fired through the air by means of some sort of &%Device.' s__Touching s__Touching__t 'Any &%Transfer where two &%Objects are brought into immediate physical contact with one another.' 'The state of grasping an &%Object. (&%grasps ?ANIMAL ?OBJ) means that the &%Animal ?ANIMAL is intentionally holding on to the &%Object ?OBJ.' s__Grabbing s__Attaching s__Grabbing__t 'Any instance of &%Touching which results in a situation where the &%agent &%grasps the &%patient of the &%Touching.' s__Releasing s__Releasing__t 'Any instance of &%Transfer which results in a situation where it is not the case that the &%agent &%grasps something which he/she &%grasps previously.' s__Impacting s__Impacting__t 'Any &%Touching where something comes into sudden, forceful, physical contact with something else. Some examples would be striking, knocking, whipping etc.' '&%Translocation is that class of &%Motions in which an object moves from one place to another. In the case of round trips, the &%origin and &%destination are the same, but the intervening motion passes through other locations. &%Translocation represents linear motion, in contrast to rotation or other movement in place. A vehicle is not necessary, &%Ambulating is a kind of &%Translocation.' s__Falling__t '&%Falling is the class of events in which something moves from a higher location to a lower location under the force of gravity.' s__Transportation__t '&%Motion from one point to another by means of a &%TransportationDevice.' s__Guiding__t s__IntentionalProcess__t 'Any &%IntentionalProcess where the &%agent tries to direct the behavior of another &%Object, whether an &%Agent or not.' s__Driving s__Driving__t 'Controlling the direction and/or speed of a &%Vehicle. This includes navigating a ship, driving a car or truck, operating a train, etc.' s__EducationalProcess s__EducationalProcess__t 'Any &%Process which is intended to result in &%Learning.' '(? [V__LEARN] : (s__instance(V__LEARN,s__Process) & s__instance(V__LEARN,s__Learning) & s__patient(V__LEARN,V__PERSON)))' s__ChangeOfPossession s__SocialInteraction 'The &%Class of &%Processes where ownership of something is transferred from one &%Agent to another.' s__Giving 'The &%subclass of &%ChangeOfPossession where the &%agent gives the &%destination something.' s__Getting s__Funding s__Funding__t 'Any instance of &%Giving where the &%patient is an instance of &%Currency. Note that this class covers both financing, e.g. where a firm funds a software company with venture capital with the agreement that a certain percentage of the profits on the investment will be returned to the firm, and instances of &%UnilateralGiving, e.g. providing a tuition waiver and/or a stipend to a student as part of scholarship or fellowship.' s__Currency s__UnilateralGiving s__UnilateralGiving__t 'Any instance of &%Giving that is not part of a &%Transaction. In other words, any instance of &%Giving where nothing is received in return. Some examples of &%UnilateralGiving are: honorary awards, gifts, and financial grants.' s__Transaction s__Lending s__Lending__t s__Giving__t 'The &%subclass of &%Giving &%Processes where the &%agent gives the &%destination something for a limited period of time with the expectation that it will be returned later (perhaps with interest).' s__Borrowing s__GivingBack s__GivingBack__t 'Any instance of &%Giving where the &%agent gives something to the &%destination which was previously given to the &%agent by the &%destination, e.g. returing a book that was borrowed from someone.' s__Getting__t s__ChangeOfPossession__t 'The &%subclass of &%ChangeOfPossession where the &%agent gets something. Note that the source from which something is obtained is specified with the &%origin &%CaseRole.' s__UnilateralGetting s__UnilateralGetting__t 'Any instance of &%Getting that is not part of a &%Transaction. In other words, any instance of &%Getting where nothing is given in return. Some examples of &%UnilateralGetting are: appropriating, commandeering, stealing, etc.' s__Borrowing__t 'The &%subclass of &%Getting &%Processes where the &%agent gets something for a limited period of time with the expectation that it will be returned later (perhaps with interest).' s__Transaction__t 'The &%subclass of &%ChangeOfPossession where something is exchanged for something else.' 'A &%Transaction where an instance of &%FinancialInstrument is the subject of the action, and often is exchanged for something else.' s__FinancialInstrument '(&%transactionAmount ?TRANSACTION ?AMOUNT) means that ?AMOUNT is an instance of &%CurrencyMeasure being exhanged in the &%FinancialTransaction ?TRANSACTION.' '&%ServiceProcess denotes the class of events in which one agent performs a service for another. The service need not be commercial, and it need not be the case that the &%serviceRecipient pays or recompenses the &%serviceProvider for the service.' s__CommercialService s__CommercialService__t s__FinancialTransaction__t 'Any &%FinancialTransaction by a &%CommercialAgent where the aim is to produce a profit.' s__ServiceProcess__t s__CommercialAgent s__Betting s__Betting__t 'A &%FinancialTransaction where an instance of &%CurrencyMeasure is exchanged for the possibility of winning a larger instance of &%CurrencyMeasure within the context of some sort of &%Game.' s__Buying s__Buying__t s__Selling 'A &%FinancialTransaction in which an instance of &%CurrencyMeasure is exchanged for an instance of &%Physical.' s__Selling__t 'A &%FinancialTransaction in which an instance of &%Physical is exchanged for an instance of &%CurrencyMeasure.' s__Learning s__Learning__t 'The &%Class of &%Processes which relate to the acquisition of information.' s__Discovering s__Discovering__t 'Finding something that was sought. Note that this class is restricted to cases of discovering something &%Physical. For cases involving the acquisition of knowledge, the class &%Learning should be used.' s__Pursuing s__Classifying s__Classifying__t 'The &%Class of &%IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses which involve attaching a name or category to a thing or set of things. Note that &%Classifying is distinguished from &%Learning by the fact that the latter covers the acquisition by a &%CognitiveAgent of any &%Proposition, while the former involves the assignment of a label or category.' s__Reasoning s__Reasoning__t 'The &%Class of &%IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses which involve concluding, on the basis of either deductive or inductive evidence, that a particular &%Proposition or &%Sentence is true.' s__Selecting 'The &%Class of &%IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses which involve opting for one or more &%Entity out of a larger set of &%Entities. Note that this covers all cases of judging or evaluating.' s__Selecting__t 'The subclass of &%Selecting where the &%agent opts for one course of action out of a set of multiple possibilities that are open to him/her.' s__Voting s__Voting__t s__Deciding__t '&%Voting is the activity of voting in an &%Election. Voting is typically done by individuals, while &%Elections are conducted by &%Organizations. The voting process by an individual voter is part of an &%Election process.' s__Judging s__Judging__t 'The subclass of &%Selecting where the &%agent opts for one belief out of a set of multiple possibilities that are available to him/her.' s__Comparing s__Comparing__t 'The &%Class of &%IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses which involve comparing, relating, contrasting, etc. the properties of two or more &%Entities.' s__Calculating s__Calculating__t '&%IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses which involve the consideration and/or manipulation of instances of &%Quantity.' s__Measuring s__Measuring__t 'The &%Class of &%Calculating &%Processes where the aim is to determine the &%PhysicalQuantity of some aspect of the &%patient.' s__Counting s__Counting__t 'Enumerating something. The &%Class of &%Calculating &%Processes where the aim is to determine the &%Number corresponding to the &%patient.' '(s__CardinalityFn(V__ENTITY) = V__NUMBER)' s__Predicting s__Predicting__t 'The &%Class of &%IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses which involve the formulation of a &%Proposition about a state of affairs which might be realized in the future.' s__Remembering s__Remembering__t 'The &%Class of &%PsychologicalProcesses which involve the recollection of prior experiences and/or of knowledge which was previously acquired.' s__Keeping s__Keeping__t 'The &%Class of &%Processes where the &%agent keeps something in a particular location for an extended period of time.' s__Confining__t 'The &%Class of &%Keeping &%Processes where the &%patient is a &%Human or an &%Animal and is kept involuntarily. This covers caging, imprisonment, jailing, etc.' s__Maintaining s__Maintaining__t 'The &%Class of &%Processes where the &%agent cares for or maintains the &%Object.' s__Repairing s__Repairing__t 'The &%Class of &%Processes where the &%agent makes a modification or series of modifications to an &%Object that is not functioning as intended so that it works properly.' s__TherapeuticProcess 'A &%Process that is carried out for the purpose of curing, improving or reducing the pain associated with a &%DiseaseOrSyndrome.' s__Surgery s__Surgery__t s__TherapeuticProcess__t 'Any &%TherapeuticProcess that involves making an incision in the &%Animal that is the &%patient of the &%TherapeuticProcess.' s__Cutting 'The &%Class of &%Processes where the &%agent brings about a situation where the &%patient no longer functions normally or as intended.' s__Destruction 'The &%subclass of &%Damagings in which the &%patient (or an essential element of the &%patient) is destroyed. Note that the difference between this concept and its superclass is solely one of extent.' s__Killing s__Killing__t s__Destruction__t 'The &%subclass of &%Destruction in which the death of an &%Organism is caused by an &%Organism. Note that in cases of suicide the &%Organism would be the same in both cases.' s__Poking s__Poking__t 'The &%Class of &%Processes where the &%agent pierces the surface of the &%Object with an &%instrument.' s__Cutting__t 'The &%subclass of &%Poking &%Processes which involve a sharp &%instrument.' s__Attaching__t s__Detaching 'A &%Process where one &%Object becomes attached to another &%Object. Note that this differs from &%Putting in that two things which are attached may already be in the same location. Note that &%Combining is different from &%Attaching in that the former applies to &%Substances, while the latter applies to &%CorpuscularObjects. Note too that &%Attaching is different from &%Putting in that one or both of the two things which are attached may or may not be moved from the location where they were combined.' s__Detaching__t 'A &%Process where the &%agent detaches one thing from something else. Note that &%Detaching is different from &%Separating in that the latter applies to &%Substances, while the former applies to &%CorpuscularObjects. Note too that &%Detaching is different from &%Removing in that one or both of the two things which are detached may or may not be moved from the location where they were attached.' s__Ungrasping s__Ungrasping__t 'Any instance of &%Detaching which results in a situation where it is not the case that the &%agent &%grasps something which he/she &%grasps previously.' s__Combining s__Combining__t 'A &%Process where two or more &%SelfConnectedObjects are incorporated into a single &%SelfConnectedObject. Note that &%Combining is different from &%Attaching in that the former results in one of the objects being &%part of the other, while &%Attaching only results in the two objects being &%connected with one another. Note too that &%Combining is different from &%Putting in that one or both of the two things which are combined may or may not be moved from the location where they were combined.' s__Separating 'A &%Process where a &%SelfConnectedObject is separated into (some of) its &%parts. Note that &%Separating is different from &%Detaching in that the latter only results in the two objects not being &%connected. Note too that &%Separating is different from &%Removing in that one or both of the two things which are separated may or may not be moved from the location where they were separated.' s__ChemicalSynthesis 'A &%ChemicalProcess occurs whenever chemical compounds (&%CompoundSubstances) are formed or decomposed. For example, reactants disappear as chemical change occurs, and products appear as chemical change occurs. In a chemical change a chemical reaction takes place. Catalysts in a &%ChemicalProcess may speed up the reaction, but arent themselves produced or consumed. Examples: rusting of iron and the decomposition of water, induced by an electric current, to gaseous hydrogen and gaseous oxygen.' s__ChemicalSynthesis__t 'The &%Class of &%ChemicalProcesses in which a &%CompoundSubstance is formed from simpler reactants.' s__ChemicalProcess__t s__ChemicalDecomposition__t s__Separating__t 'The &%Class of &%ChemicalProcesses in which a &%CompoundSubstance breaks down into simpler products.' s__Combustion s__Combustion__t 'The &%Class of &%ChemicalProcesses in which an &%Object reacts with oxygen and gives off heat. This includes all &%Processes in which something is burning.' s__RadiatingLight s__Flammable 'The &%Attribute of being flammable at normal temperatures (i.e. not while a &%Plasma).' '&%Processes which involve altering an internal property of an &%Object, e.g. the shape of the &%Object, its coloring, its structure, etc. &%Processes that are not instances of this class include changes that only affect the relationship to other objects, e.g. changes in spatial or temporal location.' s__SurfaceChange s__SurfaceChange__t s__InternalChange__t '&%Processes which involve altering the properties that apply to the surface of an &%Object.' s__Coloring s__Coloring__t 'The &%subclass of &%SurfaceChange where a &%ColorAttribute of the &%patient is altered. Note that the change in color may apply to just part of the object.' s__ShapeChange s__ShapeChange__t 'The &%Process of changing the shape of an &%Object.' s__ContentDevelopment 'A &%subclass of &%IntentionalProcess in which content is modified, its form is altered or it is created anew.' s__Reading s__Reading__t 'A &%subclass of &%ContentDevelopment in which content is converted from a written form into a spoken representation. Note that the class &%Interpreting should be used in cases where a &%Text is read silently.' s__Writing s__Writing__t s__ContentDevelopment__t 'A &%subclass of &%ContentDevelopment in which content is converted from one form (e.g. uttered, written or represented mentally) into a written form. Note that this class covers both transcription and original creation of written &%Texts.' s__Encoding s__Encoding__t 'Converting a document or message into a formal language or into a code that can be understood only by a relatively small body of &%Agents. Generally speaking, this hinders wide dissemination of the content in the original document or message.' s__Decoding s__Decoding__t 'Converting a document or message that has previously been encoded (see &%Encoding) into a &%Language that can be understood by a relatively large number of speakers.' '(s__instance(V__ENCODE,s__Encoding) & s__patient(V__ENCODE,V__DOC2))' s__Translating s__Translating__t 'Converting content from one &%Language into another. This covers oral translation (i.e. interpreting) as well as written translation.' s__Wetting s__Wetting__t 'The &%Class of &%Processes where a &%Liquid is added to an &%Object.' s__Drying s__Drying__t s__Removing__t 'The &%Class of &%Processes where a &%Liquid is removed from an &%Object.' s__Creation 'The &%subclass of &%Process in which something is created. Note that the thing created is specified with the &%result &%CaseRole.' s__Making s__Creation__t 'The &%subclass of &%Creation in which an individual &%Artifact or a type of &%Artifact is made.' s__Constructing s__Constructing__t 'The &%subclass of &%Making in which a &%StationaryArtifact is built.' s__Manufacture s__Manufacture__t 'The &%Making of &%Artifacts on a mass scale.' s__Publication s__Publication__t 'The &%Manufacture of &%Texts. Note that there is no implication that the &%Texts are distributed. Such distribution, when it occurs, is an instance of &%Dissemination.' s__Cooking s__Cooking__t s__Making__t 'The &%Making of an &%instance of &%Food. Note that this can cover any preparation of &%Food, e.g. making a salad, cutting up fruit, etc. It does not necessarily involve the application of heat.' s__Pursuing__t 'The class of &%IntentionalProcesses where something is sought. Some examples would be hunting, shopping, trawling, and stalking.' '(~ s__possesses(V__AGENT,V__OBJ))' s__Hunting s__Hunting__t 'Hunting is the class of &%Processes in which an animal or animals are pursued and sometimes captured and/or killed.' '(? [V__PROC] : (s__instance(V__PROC,s__Process) & s__patient(V__PROC,V__P) & (s__instance(V__PROC,s__Confining) | s__instance(V__PROC,s__Killing))))' s__Investigating s__Investigating__t s__IntentionalPsychologicalProcess__t 'The class of &%IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses where the &%agent attempts to obtaina information (i.e. a &%Proposition denoted by a &%Formula).' '(~ s__knows(V__AGENT,V__PROP))' s__Experimenting__t '&%Investigating the truth of a &%Proposition by constructing and observing a trial. Note that the trial may be either controlled or uncontrolled, blind or not blind.' s__DiagnosticProcess s__DiagnosticProcess__t 'A &%Process that is carried out for the purpose of determining the nature of a &%DiseaseOrSyndrome.' 'The &%subclass of &%IntentionalProcess that involves interactions between &%CognitiveAgents.' s__Pretending s__Pretending__t 'Any &%SocialInteraction where a &%CognitiveAgent or &%Group of &%CognitiveAgents attempts to make another &%CognitiveAgent or &%Group of &%CognitiveAgents believe something that is false. This covers deceit, affectation, impersonation, and entertainment productions, to give just a few examples.' s__Communication s__Stating s__Supposing s__Directing s__Committing s__Expressing 'A &%SocialInteraction that involves the transfer of information between two or more &%CognitiveAgents. Note that &%Communication is closely related to, but essentially different from, &%ContentDevelopment. The latter involves the creation or modification of a &%ContentBearingObject, while &%Communication is the transfer of information for the purpose of conveying a message.' s__Disseminating s__Disseminating__t 'Any &%Communication that involves a single &%agent and many &%destinations. This covers the release of a published book, broadcasting, a theatrical performance, giving orders to assembled troops, delivering a public lecture, etc.' s__Demonstrating__t 'Exhibiting something or a range of things before the public in a particular location. This would cover software demos, theatrical plays, lectures, dance and music recitals, museum exhibitions, etc.' '(&%attends ?DEMO ?PERSON) means that ?PERSON attends, i.e. is a member of the audience, of the performance event ?DEMO.' s__Gesture s__Gesture__t 'Any &%BodyMotion, e.g. a hand wave, a nod of the head, a smile, which is also an instance of &%Communication.' s__Advertising s__Advertising__t 'A &%Disseminating whose purpose is to promote the sale of an &%Object represented in a &%Text or &%Icon (the advertisement).' '(? [V__SALE] : (s__instance(V__SALE,s__Process) & s__instance(V__SALE,s__Selling) & s__patient(V__SALE,V__OBJ)))' s__Expressing__t 'Instances of this &%Class express a state of the &%agent. For example, Jane thanked Barbara for the present she had given her. The thanking in this case expresses the gratitude of Jane towards Barbara. Note that &%Expressing, unlike the other speech act types, is not a subclass of &%LinguisticCommunication. This is because emotions, for example, can be expressed without language, e.g. by smiling.' s__StateOfMind s__LinguisticCommunication__t s__Communication__t 'A &%Communication that involves the transfer of information via a &%LinguisticExpression.' s__Stating__t 'Instances of this &%Class commit the &%agent to some truth. For example, John claimed that the moon is made of green cheese.' s__Disagreeing s__Disagreeing__t 'A &%Stating in which two &%Agents have contradictory statements. This is distinguished from &%Arguing in that the statement in dispute may be a simple assertion, rather than a chain of deduction, and that two entities must be disagreeing with each other, whereas a single entity may craft an argument for a given point of view, without the need for another agent to disagree with.' s__Supposing__t 'Instances of this &%Class suppose, for the sake of argument, that a proposition is true. For example, John considered what he would do if he won the lottery.' s__Directing__t 'Instances of this &%Class urge some further action among the receivers. A &%Directing can be an &%Ordering, a &%Requesting or a &%Questioning.' s__Ordering s__Ordering__t 'A &%Directing in which the receiver is commanded to realize the content of a &%ContentBearingObject. Orders are injunctions, the disobedience of which involves sanctions, or which express an obligation upon the part of the orderee.' s__Obligation s__Requesting s__Requesting__t 'A request expresses a desire that some future action be performed. For example, the 5th Battalion requested air support from the 3rd Bomber Group. Note that this class covers proposals, recommendations, suggestions, etc.' s__Questioning s__Questioning__t 'A request for information. For example, John asked Bill if the President had said anything about taxes in his State of the Union address.' '(~ s__knows(V__AGENT,V__FORMULA))' 'Instances of this &%Class commit the &%agent to some future course. For example, Bob promised Susan that he would be home by 11pm.' s__Promise s__Offering s__Offering__t s__Committing__t 'The subclass of &%Committing in which a &%CognitiveAgent offers something &%Physical to another agent. Offerings may be unconditional (in which case they are a promise to effect a &%UnilateralGiving) or conditional (in which case they are a promise to effect a &%Transaction of some sort).' s__Declaring__t 'The &%Class of &%LinguisticCommunications that effect an institutional alteration when performed by competent authority. Some examples are nominating, marrying, and excommunicating.' s__Naming s__Naming__t 'The &%Process of assigning a name to someone or something.' s__Cooperation s__Cooperation__t 'The &%subclass of &%SocialInteraction where the participants involved work together for the achievement of a common goal.' s__Meeting s__Meeting__t s__SocialInteraction__t 'The coming together of two or more &%CognitiveAgents for the purpose of &%Communication. This covers informal meetings, e.g. visits with family members, and formal meetings, e.g. a board of directors meeting.' '(? [V__COMM] : (s__instance(V__COMM,s__Process) & s__instance(V__AGENT2,s__Agent) & s__instance(V__AGENT1,s__Agent) & s__instance(V__COMM,s__Communication) & s__agent(V__COMM,V__AGENT1) & s__agent(V__COMM,V__AGENT2)))' 'A &%SocialInteraction where the &%agent and &%patient are &%CognitiveAgents who are trying to defeat one another. Note that this concept is often applied in a metaphorical sense in natural language, when we speak, e.g., of the struggle of plants for space or sunlight, or of bacteria for food resources in some environment.' s__ViolentContest s__Contest__t 'A &%Contest where one participant attempts to physically injure another participant.' s__War s__War__t s__ViolentContest__t 'A military confrontation between two or more &%GeopoliticalAreas or &%Organizations whose members are &%GeopoliticalAreas. As the corresponding axiom specifies, a &%War is made up of &%Battles.' s__Battle s__Battle__t 'A &%ViolentContest between two or more military units within the context of a war. Note that this does not cover the metaphorical sense of battle, which simply means a struggle of some sort. This sense should be represented with the more general concept of &%Contest.' s__Game s__Game__t 'A &%Contest whose purpose is the enjoyment/stimulation of the participants or spectators of the &%Game.' s__Sport s__Sport__t 'A &%Game which requires some degree of physical exercion from the participants of the game.' s__LegalAction__t 'Any &%Process where a &%CognitiveAgent seeks to obtain something through a court of law.' s__Maneuver 'An intentional move or play within a &%Contest. In many cases, a &%Maneuver is a realization of part of a strategy for winning the &%Contest, but it also may be just an arbitrary or semi-arbitrary division of the overarching &%Contest, e.g. innings in a baseball game.' s__Attack s__Attack__t 'A &%Maneuver in a &%ViolentContest where the &%agent attempts to inflict damage on the &%patient.' '(? [V__DAMAGE] : (s__instance(V__DAMAGE,s__Process) & s__instance(V__DAMAGE,s__Damaging) & s__patient(V__DAMAGE,V__OBJ)))' s__DefensiveManeuver s__DefensiveManeuver__t s__Maneuver__t 'A &%Maneuver in a &%ViolentContest where the &%agent attempts to avoid being damaged.' '(~ (? [V__DAMAGE] : (s__instance(V__DAMAGE,s__Process) & s__instance(V__DAMAGE,s__Damaging) & s__patient(V__DAMAGE,V__AGENT))))' s__Perception 'Sensing some aspect of the material world. Note that the &%agent of this sensing is assumed to be an &%Animal.' s__Seeing 'The &%subclass of &%Perception in which the sensing is done by an ocular &%Organ.' s__Looking s__Looking__t s__Seeing__t 'Any instance of &%Seeing which is intentional.' s__Smelling s__Smelling__t s__Perception__t 'The &%subclass of &%Perception in which the sensing is done by an olefactory &%Organ.' s__OlfactoryAttribute s__Tasting s__Tasting__t 'The &%subclass of &%Perception in which the sensing is done by of an &%Organ which can discriminate various tastes.' s__TasteAttribute s__Hearing 'The &%subclass of &%Perception in which the sensing is done by an auditory &%Organ.' s__SoundAttribute s__PerceptualAttribute s__SoundAttribute__t s__PerceptualAttribute__t 'The volume of sound relative to a listener.' s__Audible 'A sound level capable of being heard by a &%Human.' '(s__instance(V__HEAR,s__Hearing) & s__agent(V__HEAR,V__HUMAN) & s__destination(V__HEAR,V__HUMAN) & s__origin(V__HEAR,V__OBJ))' s__Listening s__Hearing__t s__Listening__t 'Any instance of &%Hearing which is intentional.' s__TactilePerception s__TactilePerception__t 'The &%subclass of &%Perception in which the sensing is done by &%Touching. Note that &%Touching need not involve &%TactilePerception. For example, a person who has lost all sensation in both of his legs would have no &%TactilePerception of anything his legs were &%Touching.' 'Processes in which some form of electromagnetic radiation, e.g. radio waves, light waves, electrical energy, etc., is given off or absorbed by something else.' s__RadiatingElectromagnetic s__RadiatingLight__t 'The &%subclass of &%Radiating in which light is given off or absorbed. Some examples include blinking, flashing, and glittering.' s__Illuminated s__RadiatingInfrared s__RadiatingInfrared__t s__RadiatingElectromagnetic__t s__RadiatingXRay s__RadiatingXRay__t 'The &%subclass of &%Radiating in which sound waves are given off or absorbed. Some examples include creaking, roaring, and whistling.' s__MakingMusic s__RadiatingSound__t '&%MakingMusic is a type of &%RadiatingSound where the &%result is intended to be melodic and is produced delibrately' 'making music' 'Changing the old Music to &%MakingMusic to be more consistent with the verb-form that &%Process seem to take. (09-14-2011)' 'KJN' s__MakingInstrumentalMusic s__MakingVocalMusic s__MakingInstrumentalMusic__t s__MakingMusic__t '&%MakingInstrumentalMusic is a type of &%MakingMusic which is produced using some kind of &%MusicalInstrument' 'instrumental music' s__MusicalInstrument s__MakingVocalMusic__t '&%MakingVocalMusic is a type of &%MakingMusic which is produced by using the vocal cords' singing 'Currently, &%VocalMusic also inherits from &%Speaking. Changing this to more general &%Vocalizing. Acapella groups today use their &%VocalCord to create music in ways that are more than just speaking. (09-14-2011)' s__Singing s__Singing__t '&%Singing is a type of &%MakingVocalMusic wherein words are produced by the singer. This is different from other forms of &%MakingVocalMusic such as humming or scatting or beatboxing , where the vocal cords are used to create the music but no words are formed.' '&%RadiatingElectromagnetic is the subclass of &%Radiating processes in which electromagnetic radiation is transmitted or absorbed.' s__RadiatingNuclear s__RadiatingNuclear__t s__Radiating__t 'Releasing atomic energy, i.e. energy from a nuclear reaction.' s__StateChange 'Any &%Process where the &%PhysicalState of &%part of the &%patient of the &%Process changes.' '(&%atomicNumber ?ELEMENT ?NUMBER) means that the &%ElementalSubstance ?ELEMENT has the atomic number ?NUMBER. The atomic number is the number of &%Protons in the nucleus of an &%Atom.' '(s__part(V__PROTON,V__ATOM) & s__instance(V__PROTON,s__Proton))' 'The temperature at which a &%PureSubstance changes state from a &%Liquid to a &%Gas.' "29.92" 'The temperature at which a &%PureSubstance changes state from a &%Solid to a &%Liquid. Note that &%Arsenic can sublimate directly from &%Solid to &%Gas which means that its melting and boiling points are equal.' s__Melting s__Melting__t 'The &%Class of &%Processes where an &%Object is heated and converted from a &%Solid to a &%Liquid.' s__Boiling s__Boiling__t 'The &%Class of &%Processes where a &%Substance is heated and converted from a &%Liquid to a &%Gas.' s__Evaporating s__Evaporating__t 'The &%Class of &%Processes where a &%Substance is converted from a &%Liquid to a &%Gas at a temperature below its &%Boiling point.' s__Condensing s__Condensing__t s__StateChange__t 'The &%Class of &%Processes where an &%Object is cooled and converted from a &%Gas to a &%Liquid.' s__Freezing s__Freezing__t 'The &%Class of &%Processes where an &%Object is cooled and converted from a &%Liquid to a &%Solid.' s__AstronomicalBody s__AstronomicalBody__t 'The &%Class of all astronomical objects of significant size. It includes &%SelfConnectedObjects like planets, stars, and asteroids, as well as &%Collections like nebulae, galaxies, and constellations. Note that the planet Earth is an &%AstronomicalBody, but every &%Region of Earth is a &%GeographicArea.' s__GeographicArea__t s__Region__t s__LandArea 'A geographic location, generally having definite boundaries. Note that this differs from its immediate superclass &%Region in that a &%GeographicArea is a three-dimensional &%Region of the earth. Accordingly, all astronomical objects other than earth and all one-dimensional and two-dimensional &%Regions are not classed under &%GeographicArea.' s__LocalizablePlace s__LocalizablePlace__t '(&%geographicSubregion ?PART ?WHOLE) means that the &%GeographicArea ?PART is part of the &%GeographicArea ?WHOLE.' 'Any &%GeographicArea which is associated with some sort of political structure. This class includes &%Lands, &%Cities, districts of cities, counties, etc. Note that the identity of a &%GeopoliticalArea may remain constant after a change in borders.' '(&%geopoliticalSubdivision ?AREA1 ?AREA2) means that ?AREA1 is any geopolitical part of ?AREA2, that is, ?AREA1 is an integral &%geographicSubregion of ?AREA2 (not a &%DependencyOrSpecialSovereigntyArea), having its own associated &%GovernmentOrganization which is subordinated to or constrained by the government of ?AREA2. Cf. &%dependentGeopoliticalArea.' 'A body which is made up predominantly of water, e.g. rivers, lakes, oceans, etc.' s__SaltWaterArea s__SaltWaterArea__t s__WaterArea__t s__FreshWaterArea 'A &%WaterArea whose &%Water is saline, e.g. oceans and seas.' s__FreshWaterArea__t 'A &%WaterArea whose &%Water is not saline, e.g. most rivers and lakes.' 'An area which is predominantly solid ground, e.g. a &%Nation, a mountain, a desert, etc. Note that a &%LandArea may contain some relatively small &%WaterAreas. For example, Australia is a &%LandArea even though it contains various rivers and lakes.' s__Continent s__Island s__ShoreArea s__ShoreArea__t 'A &%ShoreArea is a &%LandArea approximately 1-3 km wide bordering a body of water, such as an ocean, bay, river, or lake. A &%ShoreArea may comprise a variety of &%LandForms, such as dunes, sloughs, and marshes.' s__Continent__t 'As defined in the CIA World Fact Book, &%Continent covers seven land masses: &%Africa, &%NorthAmerica, &%SouthAmerica, &%Antarctica, &%Europe, &%Asia, and &%Oceania. Note that &%Australia, counted as a continent in some other systems, is included in &%Oceania in the Fact Book. As a consequence, there is no &%Nation which is also a &%Continent.' s__Island__t 'A &%LandArea that is completely surrounded by a &%WaterArea.' s__Nation__t 'The broadest &%GeopoliticalArea, i.e. &%Nations are &%GeopoliticalAreas that are not part of any other overarching and comprehensive governance structure (excepting commonwealths and other sorts of loose international organizations).' s__StateOrProvince__t 'Administrative subdivisions of a &%Nation that are broader than any other political subdivisions that may exist. This &%Class includes the states of the United States, as well as the provinces of Canada and European countries.' s__City__t 'A &%LandArea of relatively small size, inhabited by a community of people, and having some sort of political structure. Note that this class includes both large cities and small settlements like towns, villages, hamlets, etc.' s__County s__County__t s__GeopoliticalArea__t s__LandArea__t 'A &%GeopoliticalArea that is larger than a city, usually encompassing several cities, and smaller than a &%StateOrProvince. Aside from City, this is the smallest geopolitical subdivision, and it is known by various names in various counties, e.g. parrish, commune, etc.' '&%Transitway is the broadest class of regions which may be passed through as a &%path in instances of &%Translocation. &%Transitway includes land, air, and sea regions, and it includes both natural and artificial transitways.' s__LandTransitway s__LandTransitway__t s__Transitway__t '&%LandTransitway is the subclass of &%Transitway that represents areas intended for motion over the ground.' '(? [V__TRANSPORT] : (s__instance(V__TRANSPORT,s__Motion) & s__instance(V__TRANSPORT,s__Transportation) & s__path(V__TRANSPORT,V__WAY)))' s__Roadway__t '&%Roadway is the subclass of &%LandTransitways that are areas intended for surface travel by self-powered, wheeled vehicles, excluding those that travel on tracks. &%Roadways have been at least minimally improved to enable the passage of vehicles. &%Roadways include dirt and gravelled roads, paved streets, and expressways.' s__Water__t 'The &%Class of samples of the compound H20. Note that this &%Class covers both pure and impure &%Water.' s__Mineral s__Mineral__t s__Substance__t 'Any of various naturally occurring homogeneous substances (such as stone, coal, salt, sulfur, sand, petroleum), or synthetic substances having the chemical composition and crystalline form and properties of a naturally occurring mineral.' '(&%developmentalForm ?OBJECT ?FORM) means that ?FORM describes a stage in the individual maturation of ?OBJECT. For example, tadpole and caterpillar are &%developmentalForms of frogs and butterflies, respectively.' s__OrganicObject__t s__CorpuscularObject__t s__OrganicThing__t 'This class encompasses &%Organisms, &%CorpuscularObjects that are parts of &%Organisms, i.e. &%BodyParts, and &%CorpuscularObjects that are nonintentionally produced by &%Organisms, e.g. &%ReproductiveBodies.' s__Plant s__Microorganism 'Generally, a living individual, including all &%Plants and &%Animals.' 'A very basic notion of living within something else. (&%inhabits ?ORGANISM ?OBJECT) means that ?OBJECT is the residence (either permanent or temporary), nest, etc. of ?ORGANISM.' 'The relation between a &%Human and a &%PermanentResidence of the &%Human.' 'The relation between a &%Human and a &%TemporaryResidence of the &%Human.' 'An &%Organism having cellulose cell walls, growing by synthesis of &%Substances, generally distinguished by the presence of chlorophyll, and lacking the power of locomotion.' s__FloweringPlant s__FloweringPlant__t 'A &%Plant that produces seeds and flowers. This class includes trees, shrubs, herbs, and flowers.' s__NonFloweringPlant s__NonFloweringPlant__t s__Plant__t s__Alga s__Fern s__Moss 'A &%Plant that reproduces with spores and does not produce flowers.' s__Alga__t 'A chiefly aquatic plant that contains chlorophyll, but does not form embryos during development and lacks vascular tissue.' s__Fungus s__Fungus__t 'A eukaryotic &%Organism characterized by the absence of chlorophyll and the presence of rigid cell walls. Included here are both slime molds and true fungi such as yeasts, molds, mildews, and mushrooms.' s__Moss__t 'A &%NonFloweringPlant without true roots and little if any vascular tissue.' s__Fern__t 'A &%NonFloweringPlant that contains vascular tissue. This class includes true ferns, as well as horsetails, club mosses, and whisk ferns.' s__Vertebrate s__Invertebrate 'An &%Organism with eukaryotic &%Cells, and lacking stiff cell walls, plastids, and photosynthetic pigments.' s__Microorganism__t s__Organism__t 'An &%Organism that can be seen only with the aid of a microscope.' s__Bacterium s__Bacterium__t 'A small, typically one-celled, prokaryotic &%Microorganism.' s__Cell s__Virus s__Virus__t 'An &%Organism consisting of a core of a single nucleic acid enclosed in a protective coat of protein. A virus may replicate only inside a host living cell. A virus exhibits some but not all of the usual characteristics of living things.' 'An &%Animal which has a spinal column.' s__Invertebrate__t s__Animal__t s__Worm s__Mollusk s__Arthropod 'An &%Animal which has no spinal column.' s__Worm__t 'Long, narrow, soft-bodied &%Invertebrates.' s__Mollusk__t 'Soft-bodied &%Invertebrate that is usually contained in a shell. Includes oysters, clams, mussels, snails, slugs, octopi, and squid.' s__Arachnid s__Myriapod s__Insect s__Crustacean 'A &%Class of &%Invertebrate that includes &%Arachnids and &%Insects.' s__Arachnid__t s__Arthropod__t 'A &%Class of &%Arthropods that includes ticks and spiders.' s__Myriapod__t 'A &%Class of &%Arthropods that includes centipedes and millipedes.' s__Insect__t 'A &%Class of small &%Arthropods that are air-breathing and that are distinguished by appearance.' s__Crustacean__t 'A &%Class of &%Arthropods that mainly dwells in water and has a segmented body and a chitinous exoskeleton. Includes lobsters, crabs, shrimp, and barnacles.' s__ColdBloodedVertebrate s__Vertebrate__t s__Amphibian s__Fish s__Reptile '&%Vertebrates whose body temperature is not internally regulated.' s__WarmBloodedVertebrate '&%Vertebrates whose body temperature is internally regulated.' s__Amphibian__t s__ColdBloodedVertebrate__t 'A cold-blooded, smooth-skinned &%Vertebrate which characteristically hatches as an aquatic larva, breathing by gills. When mature, the &%Amphibian breathes with &%Lungs.' s__Bird s__Bird__t s__WarmBloodedVertebrate__t s__Mammal 'A &%Vertebrate having a constant body temperature and characterized by the presence of feathers.' s__Fish__t 'A cold-blooded aquatic &%Vertebrate characterized by fins and breathing by gills. Included here are &%Fish having either a bony skeleton, such as a perch, or a cartilaginous skeleton, such as a shark. Also included are those &%Fish lacking a jaw, such as a lamprey or hagfish.' s__AquaticMammal s__HoofedMammal s__Marsupial s__Rodent s__Primate 'A &%Vertebrate having a constant body temperature and characterized by the presence of hair, mammary glands, and sweat glands.' s__AquaticMammal__t 'The &%Class of &%Mammals that dwell chiefly in the water. Includes whales, dolphins, manatees, seals, and walruses.' s__HoofedMammal__t 'The &%Class of quadruped &%Mammals with hooves. Includes horses, cows, sheep, pigs, antelope, etc.' s__Marsupial__t s__Mammal__t 'The &%Class of &%Mammals which have a pouch for their young.' s__Carnivore 'The &%Class of flesh-eating &%Mammals. Members of this &%Class typically have four or five claws on each paw. Includes cats, dogs, bears, racoons, and skunks.' s__Canine s__Canine__t s__Carnivore__t s__Feline 'The &%Class of &%Carnivores with completely separable toes, nonretractable claws, and long muzzles.' s__Feline__t 'The &%Class of &%Carnivores with completely separable toes, slim bodies, and rounded heads. All felines other than the cheetah have retractable claws.' s__Rodent__t 'The &%Class of &%Mammals with one or two pairs of incisors for gnawing. Includes rats, mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits.' s__Ape s__Monkey s__Hominid 'The &%Class of &%Mammals which are &%Primates.' s__Ape__t 'Various &%Primates with no tails or only short tails.' s__Monkey__t s__Primate__t 'Various &%Primates with relatively long tails.' s__Hominid__t 'Includes &%Humans and relatively recent ancestors of &%Humans.' s__CognitiveAgent__t 'Modern man, the only remaining species of the Homo genus.' s__Man__t 'The class of &%Male &%Humans.' s__Male s__Woman__t s__Human__t 'The class of &%Female &%Humans.' s__Female s__Reptile__t 'A &%ColdBloodedVertebrate having an external covering of scales or horny plates. &%Reptiles breathe by means of &%Lungs and generally lay eggs.' s__BiologicallyActiveSubstance__t 'A &%Substance that is capable of inducing a change in the structure or functioning of an &%Organism. This &%Class includes &%Substances used in the treatment, diagnosis, prevention or analysis of normal and abnormal body function. This &%Class also includes &%Substances that occur naturally in the body and are administered therapeutically. Finally, &%BiologicallyActiveSubstance includes &%Nutrients, most drugs of abuse, and agents that require special handling because of their toxicity.' s__Nutrient s__Protein s__Carbohydrate s__Vitamin 'A &%BiologicallyActiveSubstance required by an &%Organism. It is generally ingested as &%Food, and it is of primary interest because of its role in the biologic functioning of the &%Organism.' s__Protein__t s__Nutrient__t 'A &%Nutrient made up of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.' s__Enzyme s__Enzyme__t 'A complex &%Protein that is produced by living cells and which catalyzes specific biochemical reactions. There are six main types of enzymes: oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases.' s__Carbohydrate__t 'An element of living cells and a source of energy for &%Animals. This class includes both simple &%Carbohydrates, i.e. sugars, and complex &%Carbohydrates, i.e. starches.' s__Vitamin__t 'A &%Nutrient present in natural products or made synthetically, which is essential in the diet of &%Humans and other higher &%Animals. Included here are &%Vitamin precursors and provitamins.' s__LiquidMixture s__Suspension 'Any &%Mixture that satisfies two conditions, viz. it is made up predominantly of things which are a &%Liquid and any component other than &%Liquid in the &%Mixture is in the form of fine particles which are suspended in the &%Liquid.' s__Solution__t s__LiquidMixture__t 'A liquid mixture. The most abundant component in a solution is called the solvent. Other components are called solutes. A solution, though homogeneous, may nonetheless have variable composition. Any amount of salt, up to a maximum limit, can be dissolved in a given amount of water.' s__Suspension__t 'A &%LiquidMixture where at least one of the components of the &%Mixture is equally distributed throughout the &%Mixture but is not dissolved in it.' s__GasMixture s__Mixture__t 'Any &%Mixture that satisfies two conditions, viz. it is made up predominantly of things which are a &%Gas and any component other than &%Gas in the &%Mixture is in the form of fine particles which are suspended in the &%Gas.' s__Cloud s__Cloud__t s__GasMixture__t 'Any &%GasMixture that is visible, e.g. &%Smoke produced by a fire or clouds of water vapor in the sky.' s__Smoke s__Smoke__t 'A mixture of fine particles suspended in a gas that is produced by &%Combustion.' s__WaterCloud s__WaterCloud__t 'Any &%Cloud that is composed primarily of water vapor.' s__Air s__Air__t '&%Air is the gaseous stuff that makes up the atmosphere surrounding Earth.' s__BodySubstance s__BodySubstance__t 'Extracellular material and mixtures of cells and extracellular material that are produced, excreted or accreted by an &%Organism. Included here are &%Substances such as saliva, dental enamel, sweat, hormones, and gastric acid.' s__AnimalSubstance '&%BodySubstances that are produced exclusively by &%Animals.' s__PlantSubstance s__PlantSubstance__t '&%BodySubstances that are produced exclusively by &%Plants.' s__Hormone s__Hormone__t 'In &%Animals, a chemical secreted by an endocrine gland whose products are released into the circulating fluid. &%Plant hormones or synthetic hormones which are used only to alter or control various physiologic processes, e.g., reproductive control agents, are assigned to the &%Class &%BiologicallyActiveSubstance. &%Hormones act as chemical messengers and regulate various physiologic processes such as growth, reproduction, metabolism, etc. They usually fall into two broad categories, viz. steroid hormones and peptide hormones.' s__Gland s__Blood s__Blood__t 'A fluid present in &%Animals that transports &%Nutrients to and waste products away from various &%BodyParts.' s__FoodForFn__m 'A &%Function that denotes &%SelfConnectedObject containing &%Nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, that can be ingested by a the given class of living &%Animal and metabolized into energy and body tissue.' s__Meat__t 'Any food which was originally part of an &%Animal and is not ingested by drinking, including eggs and animal blood that is eaten as food. Note that this class covers both raw meat and meat that has been prepared in some way, e.g. by cooking. Note too that preparations involving &%Meat and &%FruitOrVegetable are classed directly under &%Food.' '(s__instance(V__ANIMAL,s__Animal) & s__part(V__SUBPART,V__ANIMAL))' s__AbnormalAnatomicalStructure s__AnimalAnatomicalStructure s__PlantAnatomicalStructure 'A normal or pathological part of the anatomy or structural organization of an &%Organism. This class covers &%BodyParts, as well as structures that are given off by &%Organisms, e.g. &%ReproductiveBodies.' s__AbnormalAnatomicalStructure__t s__AnatomicalStructure__t 'Any &%AnatomicalStructure which is not normally found in the &%Organism of which it is a part, i.e. it is the result of a &%PathologicProcess. This class covers tumors, birth marks, goiters, etc.' 'A collection of &%Cells and &%Tissues which are localized to a specific area of an &%Organism and which are not pathological. The instances of this &%Class range from gross structures to small components of complex &%Organs.' s__AnimalAnatomicalStructure__t '&%AnatomicalStructures that are possessed exclusively by &%Animals.' '&%AnatomicalStructures that are possessed exclusively by &%Plants.' 'Reproductive structure of &%Organisms. Consists of an &%Embryonic &%Object and a nutritive/protective envelope. Note that this class includes seeds, spores, and &%FruitOrVegetables, as well as the eggs produced by &%Animals.' s__Egg s__Egg__t 'The fertilized or unfertilized female &%ReproductiveBody of an &%Animal. This includes &%Bird and &%Reptile eggs, as well as mammalian ova.' s__Seed s__Seed__t s__ReproductiveBody__t s__PlantAnatomicalStructure__t 'The fertilized or unfertilized female &%ReproductiveBody of a &%FloweringPlant.' s__Pollen s__Pollen__t 'A powder produced by &%FloweringPlants that contains male gametes and is capable of fertilizing the seeds of &%FloweringPlants of the same species.' s__FruitOrVegetable s__FruitOrVegetable__t 'Any fruit or vegetable, i.e. a ripened &%ReproductiveBody of a &%Plant. Note that &%FruitOrVegetable is not a subclass of &%Food, because some fruits, e.g. poisonous berries, are not edible.' s__Spore s__Spore__t 'Any &%ReproductiveBody of a &%NonFloweringPlant.' s__BodyCovering s__BodyCovering__t 'Any &%BodyPart which is a covering of another &%BodyPart or of an entire &%Organism. This would include the rinds of &%FruitOrVegetables and the skins of &%Animals.' s__BodyJunction s__BodyJunction__t 'The place where two &%BodyParts meet or connect.' s__BodyCavity s__BodyCavity__t s__BodyPart__t 'Any &%BodyPart which contains an unfilled space, e.g. &%BodyVessels, the atria and ventricles of the heart, the lungs, etc.' s__BodyVessel s__BodyVessel__t 'Any tube-like structure which occurs naturally in an &%Organism and through which a &%BodySubstance can circulate.' s__Cell__t 'The fundamental structural and functional unit of living &%Organisms.' s__Organ__t 'A somewhat independent &%BodyPart that performs a specialized function. Note that this functional definition covers bodily systems, e.g. the digestive system or the central nervous system.' s__Gland__t 'An &%Organ that removes &%Substances from the &%Blood, alters them in some way, and then releases them.' s__Bone s__Muscle s__FatTissue 'An aggregation of similarly specialized &%Cells and the associated intercellular substance. &%Tissues are relatively non-localized in comparison to &%BodyParts, &%Organs or &%Organ components. The main features of &%Tissues are self-connectivity (see &%SelfConnectedObject) and being a homogeneous mass (all parts in the same granularity are instances of &%Tissue as well).' s__Tissue__t s__Bone__t s__AnimalSubstance__t 'Rigid &%Tissue composed largely of calcium that makes up the skeleton of &%Vertebrates. Note that this &%Class also includes teeth.' s__Muscle__t 'Nonrigid &%Tissue appearing only in &%Animals and composed largely of contractile cells.' s__FatTissue__t 'Nonrigid &%Tissue that is composed largely of fat cells.' s__Noun s__Noun__t s__Verb s__Adjective s__Adverb s__ParticleWord 'One of the parts of speech. The &%Class of &%Words that conventionally denote &%Objects.' s__Verb__t s__Word__t 'One of the parts of speech. The &%Class of &%Words that conventionally denote &%Processes.' s__Adjective__t 'One of the parts of speech. The &%Class of &%Words that conventionally denote &%Attributes of &%Objects.' s__Adverb__t 'One of the parts of speech. The &%Class of &%Words that conventionally denote &%Attributes of &%Processes.' s__ParticleWord__t 'An umbrella &%Class for any &%Word that does not fit into the other subclasses of &%Word. A &%ParticleWord is generally a small term that serves a grammatical or logical function, e.g. and, of, since, etc. At some point, this class might be broken up into the subclasses Connective, Preposition, etc. Note that the class &%ParticleWord includes both personal and possessive pronouns, e.g. she, hers, it, its, etc.' s__Morpheme s__Morpheme__t 'Part of a &%Word which cannot be subdivided and which expresses a meaning.' s__VerbPhrase s__PrepositionalPhrase 'A set of &%Words in a &%Language which form a unit, i.e. express a meaning in the &%Language.' s__VerbPhrase__t 'A &%Phrase that has the same function as a &%Verb.' s__NounPhrase__t s__Phrase__t 'A &%Phrase that has the same function as a &%Noun.' s__PrepositionalPhrase__t 'A &%Phrase that begins with a preposition and that functions as an &%Adjective or an &%Adverb.' s__LinguisticExpression__t s__ContentBearingObject__t s__Artifact__t 'A &%LinguisticExpression or set of &%LinguisticExpressions that perform a specific function related to &%Communication, e.g. express a discourse about a particular topic, and that are inscribed in a &%CorpuscularObject by &%Humans.' s__FactualText s__FactualText__t s__Text__t s__FictionalText 'The class of &%Texts that purport to reveal facts about the world. Such texts are often known as information or as non-fiction. Note that something can be an instance of &%FactualText, even if it is wholly inaccurate. Whether something is a &%FactualText is determined by the beliefs of the agent creating the text.' s__FictionalText__t 'The class of &%Texts that purport to be largely a product of the authors imagination, i.e. the author does not believe that most of the content conveyed by the text is an accurate depiction of the real world. Note that something can be an instance of &%FictionalText, even if it is completely true. Whether something is a &%FictionalText is determined by the beliefs of the agent creating the text.' s__Sentence__t 'A syntactically well-formed formula of a &%Language. It includes, at minimum, a predicate and a subject (which may be explicit or implicit), and it expresses a &%Proposition.' '(&%authors ?AGENT ?TEXTCLASS) means that ?AGENT is creatively responsible for the content of all instances of ?TEXTCLASS. For example, Agatha Christie is author of Murder_on_the_Orient_Express.' '(&%editor ?AGENT ?TEXTCLASS) means that ?AGENT is an editor of the content contained (or realized) in all instances of ?TEXTCLASS.' '(&%publishes ?ORG ?TEXTCLASS) means that ?ORG publishes all instances of ?TEXTCLASS. For example, Bantam Books publishes Agatha Christies Murder_on_the_Orient_Express.' s__EditionFn__m 'A &%BinaryFunction that maps a type of text (e.g. Agatha Christies Murder_on_the_Orient_Express) and a number to the edition of the text type corresponding to the number.' s__Summary s__Summary__t 'A short &%Text that is a summary of another, longer &%Text.' s__Certificate__t 'A &%Text that confers a right or obligation on the holder of the &%Certificate. Note that the right or obligation need not be a legal one, as in the case of an academic diploma that grants certain privileges in the professional world.' s__FinancialInstrument__t 'A document having monetary value or recording a monetary transaction' s__Currency__t 'Any element of the official currrency of some &%Nation. This covers both &%CurrencyBills and &%CurrencyCoins.' s__Patent s__Patent__t 'A &%Certificate that expresses the content of an invention that has been accorded legal protection by a governemental entity.' s__Molecule s__Molecule__t s__CompoundSubstance__t 'A molecule is the smallest unit of matter of a &%CompoundSubstance that retains all the physical and chemical properties of that substance, e.g., Ne, H2, H2O. A molecule is two or more &%Atoms linked by a chemical bond.' s__Object__t 'An &%Object that is the product of a &%Making.' s__Product s__Product__t 'An &%Artifact that is produced by &%Manufacture.' 'Some &%Artifacts have a life cycle with discrete stages or versions. (&%version ARTIFACT1 ARTIFACT2) means that ARTIFACT1 is a version of ARTIFACT2. Note that this &%Predicate relates subclasses of &%Artifact and not instances.' 'A &%StationaryArtifact is an &%Artifact that has a fixed spatial location. Most instances of this &%Class are architectural works, e.g. the Eiffel Tower, the Great Pyramids, office towers, single-family houses, etc.' s__Building s__Building__t 'The Class of &%StationaryArtifacts which are intended to house &%Humans and their activities.' s__Room s__Room__t s__StationaryArtifact__t 'A &%properPart of a &%Building which is separated from the exterior of the &%Building and/or other &%Rooms of the &%Building by walls. Some &%Rooms may have a specific purpose, e.g. sleeping, bathing, cooking, entertainment, etc.' s__House s__ResidentialBuilding s__ResidentialBuilding__t s__SingleFamilyResidence s__House__t s__SingleFamilyResidence__t 'A &%ResidentialBuilding which is intended to be inhabited by members of the same &%SocialUnit. &%Houses are distinguished from temporary housing like hotels and multi-family dwellings like condominium and apartment buildings.' 'A &%Building or part of a &%Building which provides some accomodation for sleeping.' s__PermanentResidence__t s__Residence__t 'A &%Residence where people live, i.e. where people have a &%home.' s__TemporaryResidence__t 'A &%Residence which is strictly temporary, i.e. where no one makes his/her &%home.' 'A &%Building which provides some accomodation for sleeping. Note that this class does not cover just permanent residences, e.g. &%Houses and condominium and apartment buildings, but also temporary residences, e.g. hotels and dormitories. &%ResidentialBuildings are also distinguished from &%CommercialBuildings, which are intended to serve an organizational rather than a residential function.' 'A &%PermanentResidence which is intended to be the &%home of a single &%SocialUnit. This class covers &%Houses, &%ApartmentUnits, and &%CondominiumUnits.' '(! [V__AGENT1,V__AGENT2] : ((s__instance(V__AGENT2,s__Human) & s__instance(V__AGENT1,s__Human) & s__instance(V__RESIDENCE,s__PermanentResidence)) => ((s__home(V__AGENT1,V__RESIDENCE) & s__home(V__AGENT2,V__RESIDENCE)) => (? [V__UNIT] : (s__instance(V__UNIT,s__Collection) & s__instance(V__UNIT,s__SocialUnit) & s__member(V__AGENT1,V__UNIT) & s__member(V__AGENT2,V__UNIT))))))' s__ArtWork s__ArtWork__t '&%Artifacts that are created primarily for aesthetic appreciation. Note that this &%Class does not include most examples of architecture, which belong under &%StationaryArtifact.' s__RepresentationalArtWork s__RepresentationalArtWork__t 'Any &%ArtWork that represents something &%Physical.' s__Fabric s__Fabric__t '&%Artifacts that are created by weaving together natural or synthetic fibers or by treating the skins of certain sorts of &%Animals. Note that this &%Class includes articles that are created by stitching together various types of fabrics, e.g. bedspreads. On the other hand, &%Clothing is not a &%subclass of &%Fabric, because many clothing items contain elements that are not fabrics.' '&%WearableItem is the subclass of &%Artifacts that are made to be worn on the body.' s__Clothing s__Clothing__t s__WearableItem__t '&%Artifact made out of fabrics and possibly other materials that are used to cover the bodies of &%Humans.' '(&%wears ?AGENT ?WI) means that ?AGENT is wearing the &%WearableItem item ?WI.' 'A &%Device is an &%Artifact whose purpose is to serve as an &%instrument in a specific subclass of &%Process.' '(? [V__INST] : (s__instance(V__INST,s__Process) & s__instance(V__PROC,s__SetOrClass) & s__instance(V__INST,V__PROC) & s__instrument(V__INST,V__DEVICE)))' s__MusicalInstrument__t 'A &%Device which is manipulated by a &%Human and whose purpose is &%MakingMusic.' s__TransportationDevice__t 'A &%TransportationDevice is a &%Device which serves as the &%instrument in a &%Transportation &%Process which carries the &%patient of the &%Process from one point to another.' s__Vehicle__t '&%Vehicle is the subclass of &%TransportationDevices that transport passengers or goods from one place to another by moving from one place to the other with them, e.g., cars, trucks, ferries, and airplanes. Contrast with devices such as pipelines, escalators, or supermarket checkout belts, which carry items from one place to another by means of a moving part, without the device removing from the origin to the destination.' s__MeasuringDevice__t 'Any &%Device whose purpose is to measure a &%PhysicalQuantity.' '(? [V__MEASURE] : (s__instance(V__MEASURE,s__Process) & s__instance(V__MEASURE,s__Measuring) & s__instrument(V__MEASURE,V__DEVICE)))' s__AttachingDevice s__AttachingDevice__t 'A &%Device whose purpose is to attach one thing to something else, e.g. nails, screws, buttons, etc.' s__Weapon s__Weapon__t 'The &%Class of &%Devices that are designed primarily to damage or destroy &%Humans/&%Animals, &%StationaryArtifacts or the places inhabited by &%Humans/&%Animals.' '(? [V__D,V__PATIENT] : (s__instance(V__D,s__Process) & s__instance(V__D,s__Damaging) & s__instrument(V__D,V__WEAPON) & s__patient(V__D,V__PATIENT)))' s__Machine__t s__Device__t '&%Machines are &%Devices that that have a well-defined &%resource and &%result and that automatically convert the &%resource into the &%result.' 'A fundamental concept that applies in many engineering domains. An &%EngineeringComponent is an element of a &%Device that is a physically whole object, such as one might see listed as standard parts in a catalog. The main difference betweeen &%EngineeringComponents and arbitrary globs of matter is that &%EngineeringComponents are object-like in a modeling sense. Thus, an &%EngineeringComponent is not an arbtrary subregion, but a part of a system with a stable identity.' '(&%engineeringSubcomponent ?SUB ?SUPER) means that the &%EngineeringComponent ?SUB is structurally a &%properPart of ?SUPER. This relation is an &%AsymmetricRelation, since two &%EngineeringComponents cannot be subcomponents of each other.' 'This is the most general connection relation between &%EngineeringComponents. If (&%connectedEngineeringComponents ?COMP1 ?COMP2), then neither ?COMP1 nor ?COMP2 can be an &%engineeringSubcomponent of the other. The relation &%connectedEngineeringComponents is a &%SymmetricRelation, there is no information in the direction of connection between two components. It is also an &%IrreflexiveRelation, no &%EngineeringComponent bears this relation to itself. Note that this relation does not associate a name or type with the connection.' s__EngineeringConnection__t s__EngineeringComponent__t 'An &%EngineeringConnection is an &%EngineeringComponent that represents a connection relationship between two other &%EngineeringComponents. It is a reification of the &%Predicate &%connectedEngineeringComponents. That means that whenever this &%Predicate holds between two &%EngineeringComponents, there exists an &%EngineeringConnection. The practical reason for reifying a relationship is to be able to attach other information about it. For example, one might want to say that a particular connection is associated with some shared parameters, or that it is of a particular type. &%EngineeringConnections are &%EngineeringComponents and can therefore be an &%engineeringSubcomponent of other &%EngineeringComponents. However, to provide for modular regularity in component systems, &%EngineeringConnections cannot be connected. For each pair of &%EngineeringComponents related by &%connectedEngineeringComponents, there exists at least one &%EngineeringConnection. However, that object may not be unique, and the same &%EngineeringConnection may be associated with several pairs of &%EngineeringComponents.' s__connectsEngineeringComponents__m '&%connectsEngineeringComponents is a &%TernaryPredicate that maps from an &%EngineeringConnection to the &%EngineeringComponents it connects. Since &%EngineeringComponents cannot be connected to themselves and there cannot be an &%EngineeringConnection without a &%connectedEngineeringComponents &%Predicate, the second and third arguments of any &%connectsEngineeringComponents relationship will always be distinct for any given first argument.' 'An &%Agent that provides products and/or services for a fee with the aim of making a profit.' s__Business s__Business__t s__CommercialAgent__t 'An &%instance of &%Business is an &%Organization that is a &%CommercialAgent.' s__Corporation 'An &%Organization that has a special legal status that allows a group of persons to act as a &%CommercialAgent and that insulates the owners (shareholders) from many liabilities that might result from the corporations operation.' s__Manufacturer s__Manufacturer__t s__Corporation__t 'Any &%Corporation which manufactures &%Products.' '(? [V__MANUFACTURE] : (s__instance(V__MANUFACTURE,s__Process) & s__instance(V__MANUFACTURE,s__Manufacture) & s__instance(V__MANUFACTURE,s__CommercialService) & s__agent(V__MANUFACTURE,V__ORG)))' s__MercantileOrganization s__MercantileOrganization__t 'Any &%Corporation which sells goods or services to customers for a profit.' '(? [V__SELL] : (s__instance(V__SELL,s__Process) & s__instance(V__SELL,s__Selling) & s__instance(V__SELL,s__CommercialService) & s__agent(V__SELL,V__ORG)))' s__Group__t s__Agent__t 'A &%Collection of &%Agents, e.g. a flock of sheep, a herd of goats, or the local Boy Scout troop.' 'Any &%Group whose &%members are exclusively &%Humans.' s__AgeGroup s__AgeGroup__t s__GroupOfPeople__t 'A &%GroupOfPeople whose &%members all have the same &%age.' s__FamilyGroup s__FamilyGroup__t 'A &%GroupOfPeople whose &%members bear &%familyRelations to one another.' s__SocialUnit s__SocialUnit__t 'A &%GroupOfPeople who all have the same &%home.' s__ImmediateFamilyFn__m '(&%ImmediateFamilyFn ?PERSON) denotes the immediate family of ?PERSON, i.e. the &%Group consisting of the &%parents of ?PERSON and anyone of whom ?PERSON is a &%parent.' '(&%relative ?O1 ?O2) means that ?O1 and ?O2 are relatives, whether through common ancestry (consanguinity), someones marriage (affinity), or someones adoption. This definition is intentionally broad, so as to capture a wide array of `familial relations. The notion of who counts as `family also varies between cultures, but that aspect of meaning is not addressed here.' 'A very general &%Predicate for biological relationships. (&%familyRelation ?ORGANISM1 ?ORGANISM2) means that ?ORGANISM1 and ?ORGANISM2 are biologically derived from a common ancestor.' 'The transitive closure of the &%parent predicate. (&%ancestor ?DESCENDANT ?ANCESTOR) means that ?ANCESTOR is either the &%parent of ?DESCENDANT or the &%parent of the &%parent of &%DESCENDANT or etc.' 'The general relationship of parenthood. (&%parent ?CHILD ?PARENT) means that ?PARENT is a biological parent of ?CHILD.' 'The general relationship of motherhood. (&%mother ?CHILD ?MOTHER) means that ?MOTHER is the biological mother of ?CHILD.' 'The general relationship of fatherhood. (&%father ?CHILD ?FATHER) means that ?FATHER is the biological father of ?CHILD.' 'The general relationship of daughterhood. (&%daughter ?CHILD ?PARENT) means that ?CHILD is the biological daughter of ?PARENT.' 'The general relationship of being a son. (&%son ?CHILD ?PARENT) means that ?CHILD is the biological son of ?PARENT.' 'The relationship between two &%Organisms that have the same &%mother and &%father. Note that this relationship does not hold between half-brothers, half-sisters, etc.' 'The general relationship of being a brother. (&%brother ?MAN ?PERSON) means that ?MAN is the brother of ?PERSON.' 'The general relationship of being a sister. (&%sister ?WOMAN ?PERSON) means that ?WOMAN is the sister of ?PERSON.' '(&%legalRelation ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2) means that ?AGENT1 and ?AGENT2 are relatives by virtue of a legal relationship. Some examples include marriage, adoption, etc.' '(&%acquaintance ?H1 ?H2) means that ?H1 has met and knows something about ?H2, such as ?H2s name and appearance. Statements made with this predicate should be temporally specified with &%holdsDuring. Note that &%acquaintance is not symmetric. For the symmetric version, see &%mutualAcquaintance.' '(&%mutualAcquaintance ?H1 ?H2) means that ?H1 and ?H2 have met each other and know something about each other, such as name and appearance. Statements made with this predicate should be temporally specified with &%holdsDuring. See also the weaker, non-symmetric version of this predicate, &%acquaintance.' s__SymmetricRelation__t 'The relationship of marriage between two &%Humans.' s__IrreflexiveRelation__t '(&%husband ?MAN ?WOMAN) means that ?MAN is the husband of ?WOMAN.' '(&%wife ?WOMAN ?MAN) means that ?WOMAN is the wife of ?MAN.' s__EthnicGroup s__EthnicGroup__t 'A &%GroupOfPeople whose &%members originate from the same &%GeographicArea or share the same &%Language and/or cultural practices.' 'A &%GroupOfPeople whose &%members share a belief or set of beliefs.' 'An &%Organization is a corporate or similar institution. The &%members of an &%Organization typically have a common purpose or function. Note that this class also covers divisions, departments, etc. of organizations. For example, both the Shell Corporation and the accounting department at Shell would both be instances of &%Organization. Note too that the existence of an &%Organization is dependent on the existence of at least one &%member (since &%Organization is a subclass of &%Collection). Accordingly, in cases of purely legal organizations, a fictitious &%member should be assumed.' '(&%employs ?ORG ?PERSON) means that ?ORG has hired ?PERSON and currently retains ?PERSON, on a salaried, hourly or contractual basis, to provide services in exchange for monetary compensation.' s__PoliticalOrganization 'An &%Organization that is attempting to bring about some sort of political change.' s__MilitaryForce s__MilitaryForce__t s__PoliticalOrganization__t '&%MilitaryForce is the subclass of &%Organizations that are organized along military lines and for the purpose of either defensive or offensive combat, whether or not the force is an official &%GovernmentOrganization.' s__MilitaryOrganization s__GovernmentOrganization s__MilitaryOrganization__t 'Any heavily armed &%Organization that is part of a &%Government and that is charged with representing the &%Government in international conflicts.' s__ParamilitaryOrganization s__ParamilitaryOrganization__t 'An &%Organization which is much like a &%MilitaryOrganization, e.g. it is made up of armed fighters, except that it is not associated with a &%Government.' s__GovernmentOrganization__t '&%GovernmentOrganization is the class of official &%Organizations that are concerned with the government of a &%GeopoliticalArea at some level. They may be a &%subOrganization of a government.' s__Government__t s__LegalAgent__t 'The ruling body of a &%GeopoliticalArea.' s__GovernmentFn__m '(&%GovernmentFn ?AREA) denotes the &%Government of the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA. For example, (&%GovernmentFn &%UnitedStates) denotes the Federal-level government of the United States, (&%GovernmentFn &%PuertoRico) denotes the government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.' s__PoliceOrganization s__PoliceOrganization__t 'Any &%GovernmentOrganization that is charged with domestic enforcement of the laws of the &%Government.' s__JudicialOrganization__t '&%JudicialOrganization is the class of &%Organizations whose primary purpose is to render judgments according to the statutes or regulations of a government or other organization. Judicial bodies are not necessarily government organizations, for example, those associated with sporting associations.' s__EducationalOrganization__t s__Organization__t 'A &%EducationalOrganization is an institution of learning. Some examples are public and private K-12 schools, and colleges and universities.' s__ReligiousOrganization__t s__BeliefGroup__t 'An &%Organization whose members share a set of religious beliefs.' '(&%subOrganization ?ORG1 ?ORG2) means that ?ORG1 is an &%Organization which is a part of the &%Organization ?ORG2. Note that &%subOrganization is a &%ReflexiveRelation, so every &%Organization is a &%subOrganization of itself.' '(&%citizen ?PERSON ?NATION) means that the &%Human ?PERSON is a citizen of &%Nation ?NATION.' s__FieldOfStudy__t s__Proposition__t 'An academic or applied discipline with recognized experts and with a core of accepted theory or practice. Note that &%FieldOfStudy is a &%subclass of &%Proposition, because a &%FieldOfStudy is understood to be a body of abstract, informational content, with varying degrees of certainty attached to each element of this content.' s__Procedure 'A sequence-dependent specification. Some examples are &%ComputerPrograms, finite-state machines, cooking recipes, musical scores, conference schedules, driving directions, and the scripts of plays and movies.' s__ComputerProgram s__ComputerProgram__t 'A set of instructions in a computer programming language that can be executed by a computer.' s__ComputerProgramming s__ComputerProgramming__t 'The process of developing a &%ComputerProgram' s__Plan__t s__Procedure__t 'A specification of a sequence of &%Processes which is intended to satisfy a specified purpose at some future time.' s__DeductiveArgument s__InductiveArgument 'Any proposition which has the form of a deductive or inductive argument, i.e. a set of premises which, it is claimed, imply a conclusion.' s__ValidDeductiveArgument s__InvalidDeductiveArgument 'An &%Argument which has the form of a deduction, i.e. it is claimed that the set of &%premises &%entails the &%conclusion.' s__ValidDeductiveArgument__t s__DeductiveArgument__t 'A &%DeductiveArgument which is valid, i.e. the set of &%premises in fact &%entails the &%conclusion.' s__InvalidDeductiveArgument__t '&%DeductiveArguments that are not &%ValidDeductiveArguments, i.e. it is not the case that the set of &%premises in fact &%entails the &%conclusion.' s__Explanation s__Explanation__t 'An &%Argument where the conclusion is an observed fact and the premises are other facts which collectively imply the conclusion. Note that this is the they hypothetico-deductive model of explanation.' s__InductiveArgument__t s__Argument__t 'An &%Argument which is inductive, i.e. it is claimed that a set of specific cases makes the &%conclusion, which generalizes these cases, more likely to be true.' '(&%premise ?ARGUMENT ?PROPOSITION) means that the &%Proposition ?PROPOSITION is an explicit assumption of the &%Argument ?ARGUMENT.' s__PremisesFn__m '(&%PremisesFn ?ARGUMENT) returns the complete set of &%premises of the &%Argument ?ARGUMENT.' '(&%conclusion ?ARGUMENT ?PROPOSITION) means that the &%Proposition ?PROPOSITION is the conclusion explicitly drawn from the &%Argument ?ARGUMENT. Note that it may or may not be the case that ?ARGUMENT &%entails ?PROPOSITION.' '(&%consistent ?PROP1 ?PROP2) means that the two &%Propositions ?PROP1 and ?PROP2 are consistent with one another, i.e. it is possible for both of them to be true at the same time.' s__orientation__m 'A general &%Predicate for indicating how two &%Objects are oriented with respect to one another. For example, (orientation ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 North) means that ?OBJ1 is north of ?OBJ2, and (orientation ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 Vertical) means that ?OBJ1 is positioned vertically with respect to ?OBJ2.' '(&%direction ?PROC ?ATTR) means that the &%Process ?PROC is moving in the direction ?ATTR. For example, one would use this &%Predicate to represent the fact that Max is moving &%North.' '(&%faces ?OBJ ?DIRECTION) means that the front of ?OBJ (see &%FrontFn) is positioned towards the compass direction ?DIRECTION. More precisely, it means that if a line were extended from the center of ?DIRECTION, the line would intersect with the front of ?OBJ before it intersected with its back (see &%BackFn).' 'The &%Class of truth values, e.g. &%True and &%False. These are &%Attributes of &%Sentences and &%Propositions.' s__TruthValue__t 'The &%TruthValue of being true.' '$false__m' 'The &%TruthValue of being false.' 'The &%BinaryPredicate that relates a &%Sentence to its &%TruthValue.' '&%Attributes characterizing the orientation of an &%Object, e.g. &%Vertical versus &%Horizontal, &%Left versus &%Right etc.' s__DirectionalAttribute__t s__PositionalAttribute__t 'The subclass of &%PositionalAttributes that concern compass directions.' s__North s__South s__East s__West 'The compass direction of &%North.' 'The compass direction of &%South.' 'The compass direction of &%East.' 'The compass direction of &%West.' s__Vertical 'Attribute used to indicate that an &%Object is positioned height-wise with respect to another &%Object.' s__Horizontal 'Attribute used to indicate that an &%Object is positioned width-wise with respect to another &%Object.' s__SymmetricPositionalAttribute '&%SymmetricAttribute is the class of &%PositionalAttribute that hold between two items regardless of their order or orientation.' s__AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute '&%AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute is the class of &%PositionalAttribute that hold in only one direction. I.e. two objects cannot simulataneously be &%On each other.' 'This is a &%PositionalAttribute derived from the up/down schema and not involving contact. Note that this means directly above, i.e., if one object is &%Above another object, then the projections of the two objects overlap.' 'This &%PositionalAttribute is derived from the up/down schema and may or may not involve contact. Note that this means directly below, i.e., if one object is &%Below another object, then the projections of the two objects overlap.' s__On s__Adjacent s__SymmetricPositionalAttribute__t 'Used to assert that an object ?OBJ1 is close to, near or abutting ?OBJ2. This &%PositionalAttribute covers the following common sense notions: adjoins, abuts, is contiguous to, is juxtaposed, and is close to.' s__Near s__Left 'This &%PositionalAttribute is derived from the left/right schema. Note that this means directly to the left, so that, if one object is to the left of another, then the projections of the two objects overlap.' s__Right s__AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute__t 'This &%PositionalAttribute is derived from the left/right schema. Note that this means directly to the right, so that, if one object is to the right of another, then the projections of the two objects overlap.' 'The relation of common sense adjacency. Note that, if an object is &%Near another object, then the objects are not &%connected.' 'This is used to assert that an object is on top of another object, and it is derived from the up/down schema and involves contact.' s__TimeZone 'An &%Attribute which is used to specify coordinates in which time measures are uniform, i.e. all time devices are synchronized to the same &%TimePositions.' s__CoordinatedUniversalTimeZone s__TimeZone__t 'A &%TimeZone which functions as the standard time zone. It is also known as Zulu time (in the military), Greenwich Mean Time, and the Western European time zone. Note that whenever a &%TimeZone is not specified, the &%TimePosition is understood to be with respect to the &%CoordinatedUniversalTimeZone.' s__PacificTimeZone 'A &%TimeZone that covers much of the western part of the United States.' s__MountainTimeZone 'A &%TimeZone that covers much of the Rocky Mountain region of the United States.' s__CentralTimeZone 'A &%TimeZone that covers much of the midwestern United States.' "6" s__EasternTimeZone 'A &%TimeZone that covers much of the eastern United States.' s__RelativeTimeFn__m 'A means of converting &%TimePositions between different &%TimeZones. (&%RelativeTimeFn ?TIME ?ZONE) denotes the &%TimePosition in &%CoordinatedUniversalTime that is contemporaneous with the &%TimePosition ?TIME in &%TimeZone ?ZONE. For example, (&%RelativeTimeFn (&%MeasureFn 14 &%HourDuration) &%EasternTimeZone) would return the value (&%MeasureFn 19 &%HourDuration).' s__SocialRole s__SocialRole__t 'The &%Class of all &%Attributes that specify the position or status of a &%CognitiveAgent within an &%Organization or other &%Group.' s__Unemployed 'The &%Attribute of a &%CognitiveAgent when he/she is unemployed.' s__Position__t 'A formal position of reponsibility within an &%Organization. Examples of &%Positions include president, laboratory director, senior researcher, sales representative, etc.' s__occupiesPosition__m '(&%occupiesPosition ?PERSON ?POSITION ?ORG) means that ?PERSON holds the &%Position ?POSITION at &%Organization ?ORG. For example, (&%occupiesPosition &%TomSmith &%ResearchDirector &%AcmeLaboratory) means that &%TomSmith is a research director at Acme Labs.' s__NormativeAttribute__t s__RelationalAttribute__t 'A &%Class containing all of the &%Attributes that are specific to morality, legality, aesthetics, etiquette, etc. Many of these attributes express a judgement that something ought or ought not to be the case.' 'A &%BinaryRelation that is used to state the normative force of a &%Proposition. (&%modalAttribute ?FORMULA ?PROP) means that the &%Proposition expressed by ?FORMULA has the &%NormativeAttribute ?PROP. For example, (&%modalAttribute (&%exists (?ACT ?OBJ) (&%and (&%instance ?ACT &%Giving) (&%agent ?ACT John) (&%patient ?ACT ?OBJ) (&%destination ?ACT Tom))) &%Obligation) means that John is obligated to give Tom something.' s__Permission s__Possibility s__SubjectiveAssessmentAttribute s__SubjectiveAssessmentAttribute__t 'The &%Class of &%NormativeAttributes which lack an objective criterion for their attribution, i.e. the attribution of these &%Attributes varies from subject to subject and even with respect to the same subject over time. This &%Class is, generally speaking, only used when mapping external knowledge sources to the SUMO. If a term from such a knowledge source seems to lack objective criteria for its attribution, it is assigned to this &%Class.' 'The &%Class of &%NormativeAttributes that are associated with an objective criterion for their attribution, i.e. there is broad consensus about the cases where these attributes are applicable.' s__ContestAttribute s__ContestAttribute__t 'A &%Class containing &%Attributes that are specific to participants in a &%Contest. In particular, these &%Attributes indicate the position of one of the &%agents in the &%Contest with respect to other &%agent(s) in the &%Contest. Some examples of these &%Attributes are winning, losing, won, lost, etc.' s__AlethicAttribute 'A &%Class containing all of the &%Attributes relating to the notions of possibility and necessity.' s__AlethicAttribute__t 'Attribute that applies to &%Propositions that are possible, i.e. true in at least one possible world.' s__Necessity 'Attribute that applies to &%Propositions that are necessary, i.e. true in every possible world.' '(~ V__FORMULA)' 'Expresses a relationship between a &%Formula and a &%CognitiveAgent whereby the &%CognitiveAgent has the right to bring it about that the &%Formula is true.' s__confersRight__m 'Expresses the relationship between a &%Formula, an &%Entity, and a &%CognitiveAgent when the &%Entity authorizes the &%CognitiveAgent to bring it about that the &%Formula is true.' 'Expresses a relationship between a &%Formula and a &%CognitiveAgent whereby the &%CognitiveAgent has the obligation to bring it about that the &%Formula is true.' s__confersObligation__m 'Expresses the relationship between a a &%Formula, an &%Entity, and a &%CognitiveAgent when the &%Entity obligates the &%CognitiveAgent to bring it about that the &%Formula is true.' 'A &%Class containing all of the &%Attributes relating to the notions of permission, obligation, and prohibition.' s__DeonticAttribute__t '&%Attribute that applies to &%Propositions that an &%Agent is permitted, by some authority, to make true.' '&%Attribute that applies to &%Propositions that an &%Agent is required, by some authority, to make true.' s__Law '&%Attribute that applies to &%Propositions that are required by a government or a branch of the government and that are enforced with penalties for noncompliance. These &%Propositions may be codified as legislation or they may be more informal, as in the case of government policy.' '&%Attribute that applies to &%Propositions that an &%Agent promises to make true. &%Promises may be implicit or explicit. They may be expressed in a written or verbal or gestural manner.' s__Prohibition '&%Prohibition is the &%DeonticAttribute that applies to &%Formulas that an &%Agent is forbidden, by some authority, to make true.' s__ProbabilityAttribute s__ObjectiveNorm__t 'A class containing all of the &%Attributes relating to objective, qualitative assessments of probability, e.g. &%Likely and &%Unlikely.' s__Likely s__ProbabilityAttribute__t s__Unlikely 'The &%ProbabilityAttribute of being probable, i.e. more likely than not to be &%True.' 'The &%ProbabilityAttribute of being improbable, i.e. more likely than not to be &%False.' s__PhysicalState s__Plasma s__Fluid 'The physical state of an &%Object. There are three reified instances of this &%Class: &%Solid, &%Liquid, and &%Gas. Physical changes are not characterized by the transformation of one substance into another, but rather by the change of the form (physical states) of a given substance. For example, melting an iron nail yields a substance still called iron.' 'An &%Object has the &%Attribute of &%Solid if it has a fixed shape and a fixed volume.' '&%Fluid is the &%PhysicalState attribute of an &%Object that does not have a fixed shape and thus tends to flow or to conform to the shape of a container.' s__PhysicalState__t 'An &%Object has the &%Attribute of &%Liquid if it has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape.' 'An &%Object has the &%Attribute of &%Gas if it has neither a fixed volume nor a fixed shape.' 'An extremely energetic &%PhysicalState that consists of atomic nuclei stripped of electrons. That is, a plasma is composed of positive ions and free electrons. &%Plasma behaves differently enough from &%Gas that it is referred to as the fourth state of matter.' 'Any &%Attribute whose presence is detected by an act of &%Perception.' s__TasteAttribute__t 'The &%Class of &%Attributes relating to the taste of &%Objects.' s__OlfactoryAttribute__t 'The &%Class of properties that are detectable by smell.' s__VisualAttribute 'The &%Class of visually discernible properties.' s__VisualAttribute__t 'The &%Attribute of &%Regions that are illuminated to some degree, i.e. in which some shapes are visually discernable.' s__Unilluminated 'The &%Attribute of &%Regions that are unilluminated, i.e in which no shapes are visually discernable.' 'The &%Class of &%Attributes relating to the color of &%Objects.' s__PrimaryColor 'Colors which can be blended to form any color and which cannot be derived from any other colors.' s__Red 'The &%Attribute of redness.' s__Blue 'The &%Attribute of being blue in color.' s__Yellow 'The &%Attribute of being yellow in color.' s__White 'The &%Attribute of being white in color.' s__Black s__PrimaryColor__t 'The &%Attribute of being black in color.' s__Monochromatic 'An &%Object with this &%Attribute has the same color on every part of its surface.' s__Polychromatic s__ColorAttribute__t 'An &%Object with this &%Attribute has different colors on different parts of its surface.' 'Each &%subclass of &%StructureAttribute denotes some facet of the structure of physical entities. Each &%instance of &%StructureAttribute denotes some structural characteristic that may pertain to some &%Physical entity.' s__ShapeAttribute__t s__StructureAttribute__t 'Any &%Attribute that relates to the shape of an &%Object.' s__Pliable 'The shape of an &%Object with this &%Attribute can easily be altered.' s__Rigid 'The shape of an &%Object with this &%Attribute cannot be altered without breaking.' s__TextureAttribute s__TextureAttribute__t 'Any &%Attribute that characterizes the texture of an &%Object.' s__Smooth 'An &%Object with this &%Attribute has a smooth surface.' s__Rough 'An &%Object with this &%Attribute has a rough surface.' s__TwoDimensionalFigure s__ThreeDimensionalFigure 'The class of all geometric figures, i.e. the class of all abstract, spatial representations. The instances of this class are &%GeometricPoints, &%TwoDimensionalFigures or &%ThreeDimensionalFigures.' s__GeometricPoint__t 'The class of zero-dimensional &%GeometricFigures, i.e. the class of &%GeometricFigures that have position but lack extension in any dimension.' s__OneDimensionalFigure__t 'The class of &%GeometricFigures that have position and an extension along a single dimension, viz. straight lines.' s__GeometricFigure__t s__OpenTwoDimensionalFigure 'The class of &%GeometricFigures that have position and an extension along two dimensions, viz. plane figures like circles and polygons.' s__OpenTwoDimensionalFigure__t s__TwoDimensionalFigure__t 'The class of &%TwoDimensionalFigures that are not &%ClosedTwoDimensionalFigures.' s__TwoDimensionalAngle__t 'Any two &%OneDimensionalFigures (i.e. straight lines) meeting at a single &%GeometricPoint.' s__ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure__t 'Any &%TwoDimensionalFigure which has a well defined interior and exterior.' s__ThreeDimensionalFigure__t 'The class of &%GeometricFigures that have position and an extension along three dimensions, viz. geometric solids like polyhedrons and cylinders.' '(&%geometricPart ?PART ?WHOLE) means that the &%GeometricFigure ?PART is part of the &%GeometricFigure ?WHOLE.' '(&%pointOfFigure ?POINT ?FIGURE) means that the &%GeometricPoint ?POINT is part of the &%GeometricFigure ?FIGURE.' '(&%angleOfFigure ?ANGLE ?FIGURE) means that the &%TwoDimensionalAngle ?ANGLE is part of the &%GeometricFigure ?FIGURE.' s__pointOfIntersection__m '(&%pointOfIntersection ?FIGURE1 ?FIGURE2 ?POINT) means that the two straight lines ?FIGURE1 and ?FIGURE2 meet at the point ?POINT.' '(&%parallel ?LINE1 ?LINE2) means that the &%OneDimensionalFigures ?LINE1 and ?LINE2 are parallel to one another, i.e. they are equidistant from one another at every point.' '(&%angularMeasure ?ANGLE ?MEASURE) means that the two-dimensional geometric angle ?ANGLE has the &%PlaneAngleMeasure of ?MEASURE.' '(&%lineMeasure ?LINE ?MEASURE) means that the straight line ?LINE has the &%LengthMeasure of ?MEASURE.' '(&%geometricDistance ?POINT1 ?POINT2 ?LENGTH) means that ?LENGTH is the distance between the two &%GeometricPoints ?POINT1 and ?POINT2.' s__SaturationAttribute s__SaturationAttribute__t 'A &%Class of &%Attributes that specify, in a qualitative manner, the extent of the presence of one kind of &%Object in another kind of &%Object.' s__Dry s__Damp 'An &%Attribute which indicates that the associated &%Object contains no &%Liquid.' 'An &%Attribute which indicates that the associated &%Object contains some &%Liquid.' s__Wet 'An &%Attribute which indicates that the associated &%Object is fully saturated with a &%Liquid, i.e. every part of the &%Object has a subpart which is a &%Liquid.' s__BiologicalAttribute '&%Attributes that apply specifically to instances of &%Organism.' s__BodyPosition 'The class of &%Attributes expressing configurations of bodies or parts of bodies of animals or humans, e.g. standing, sitting, kneeling, lying down, etc.' s__Standing 'The &%BodyPosition of being upright, i.e. being fully extended and supported by nothing other than ones own feet.' s__Sitting s__BodyPosition__t 'The &%BodyPosition of being recumbent, i.e. knees bent and back side supported.' s__Prostrate 'The &%BodyPosition of lying down, being in a horizontal position.' s__AnimacyAttribute s__Living s__Dead '&%Attributes that indicate whether an &%Organism is alive or not.' s__AnimacyAttribute__t 'This &%Attribute applies to &%Organisms that are alive.' s__Unconscious 'This &%Attribute applies to &%Organisms that are not alive.' s__SexAttribute '&%Attributes that indicate the sex of an &%Organism.' 'An &%Attribute indicating that an &%Organism is female in nature.' s__SexAttribute__t 'An &%Attribute indicating that an &%Organism is male in nature.' s__DevelopmentalAttribute__t s__BiologicalAttribute__t s__FullyFormed s__NonFullyFormed '&%Attributes that indicate the stage of development of an &%Organism.' 'The stage of an &%Organism when it has reached the end of its growth phase.' 'The stage of an &%Organism before it is &%FullyFormed.' s__Larval 'Form of most &%Invertebrates, &%Amphibians, and &%Fish immediately after they hatch. This form is fundamentally unlike the adult form, and metamorphosis is required to reach the latter form.' s__Embryonic 'The stage of an &%Organism or an &%AnatomicalStructure that exists only before the &%Organism is born. &%Mammals, for example, have this &%Attribute only prior to their birth.' 'A &%BiologicalAttribute which qualifies something that alters or interferes with a normal process, state or activity of an &%Organism. It is usually characterized by the abnormal functioning of one or more of the hosts systems, parts, or &%Organs.' s__PsychologicalAttribute s__TraitAttribute '&%Attributes that characterize the mental or behavioral life of an &%Organism.' 'The class &%StateOfMind is distinguished from its complement &%TraitAttribute by the fact that instances of the former are transient while instances of the latter are persistent features of a creatures behavioral/psychological make-up.' s__EmotionalState s__EmotionalState__t s__StateOfMind__t 'The &%Class of &%Attributes that denote emotional states of &%Organisms.' s__ConsciousnessAttribute '&%Attributes that indicate whether an &%Organism is conscious or the qualitative degree of consciousness of an &%Organism.' s__Asleep '&%Attribute that applies to &%Organisms that are sleeping.' s__Awake '&%Attribute that applies to &%Organisms that are unconscious. An &%Organism may be &%Unconscious because it is &%Dead or because of a blow to the head, a drug, etc.' s__ConsciousnessAttribute__t '&%Attribute that applies to &%Organisms that are neither &%Unconscious nor &%Asleep.' s__TraitAttribute__t '&%Attributes that indicate the the behavior/personality traits of an &%Organism.' s__PsychologicalDysfunction s__PsychologicalDysfunction__t s__PsychologicalAttribute__t s__DiseaseOrSyndrome__t 'A clinically significant dysfunction whose major manifestation is behavioral or psychological. These dysfunctions may have identified or presumed biological etiologies or manifestations.' s__comment__m '(&%comment ?ENT ?STR ?PER) is a convenience relationship that allows ontologists represented by &%SymbolicString ?PER to write down commentaries ?STR on a defined &%Entity ?ENT' comment s__OrganismRemains 'An &%instance of &%OrganismRemains is &%Dead matter of a formerly &%Living &%Organism: &%Plant, &%Animal, or &%Microorganism. An &%instance of &%OrganismRemains might or might not be recognizable as the remains of a particular kind or species of organism, depending on the cause of the &%Organisms &%Death (heart failure, stroke, roadkill, dismemberment, etc.), the elapsed time since death, the speed of decomposition, and any post-mortem processing of the dead organism (embalming, cremation, mummification, boiling, consumption as food, etc.).' s__HumanCorpse s__HumanCorpse__t s__OrganismRemains__t '&%HumanCorpse is the &%OrganismRemains of a &%Human' s__DeadFn__m '(&%DeadFn ?ORGCLASS) denotes the &%Class of all remains that were once part of &%Living &%Organisms of the type ?ORGCLASS.' s__HumanSlave 'A &%Human who is owned by someone else.' s__HumanAdult s__HumanAdult__t 'The class of &%Humans that are 18 years of age or older.' '(s__instance(V__ADULT,s__HumanAdult) & s__age(V__ADULT,s__MeasureFn(V__NUMBER,s__YearDuration)))' "18" s__HumanYouth 'The class of &%Humans that are younger than 18 years of age.' '(s__instance(V__YOUTH,s__HumanYouth) & s__age(V__YOUTH,s__MeasureFn(V__NUMBER,s__YearDuration)))' s__HumanChild s__HumanChild__t s__HumanYouth__t 'A &%HumanYouth between birth and puberty, i.e a &%Human who is &%NonFullyFormed.' '(s__instance(V__CHILD,s__HumanChild) & s__age(V__CHILD,s__MeasureFn(V__NUMBER,s__YearDuration)))' "14" s__Teenager s__Teenager__t 'A &%Human between puberty and the age of 20.' '(s__instance(V__TEEN,s__Teenager) & s__age(V__TEEN,s__MeasureFn(V__NUMBER,s__YearDuration)))' "20" s__Boy s__Boy__t 'A &%HumanChild who is &%Male.' s__Girl s__Girl__t 'A &%HumanChild who is &%Female.' s__HumanBaby s__HumanBaby__t 'A &%Human between birth and the first year of age.' '(s__instance(V__BABY,s__HumanBaby) & s__age(V__BABY,s__MeasureFn(V__NUMBER,s__YearDuration)))' '(older ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is older than ?OBJ2, i.e. the age of ?OBJ1 is &%greaterThan the age of ?OBJ2.' s__StartFn__m '(StartFn ?PROCESS) denotes &%IntentionalProcesses of bringing it about that &%Processes of type ?PROCESS begin, e.g. start working, begin running, etc.' s__StopFn__m '(StopFn ?PROCESS) denotes &%IntentionalProcesses of bringing it about that &%Processes of type ?PROCESS end, e.g. stop walking, quit working, etc.' s__Dodging s__Dodging__t 'Purposely moving ones body in such a way as to avoid being hit by something.' '(~ (? [V__I] : (s__instance(V__I,s__Process) & (s__meetsTemporally(V__DT,s__WhenFn(V__I)) | s__overlapsTemporally(V__DT,s__WhenFn(V__I))) & s__instance(V__I,s__Impacting) & s__patient(V__I,V__A))))' s__Mounting s__Mounting__t 'Any &%BodyMotion which results in being &%On something else.' s__Stepping s__Stepping__t 'The &%BodyMotion of extending one foot forward and then bringing the other foot to the same lateral position as the first leg.' s__Wading s__Wading__t 'Any instance of &%Walking which occurs through a &%BodyOfWater.' s__Jumping s__Jumping__t 'Any &%MotionUpward which is done by ones body and which results in a situation where ones feet are unsupported.' '(~ s__attribute(V__A,s__Standing))' s__Somersaulting s__Somersaulting__t 'Any &%BodyMotion which begins and ends in a &%Sitting position and where the feet roll over the head and return to their original position.' s__Reflecting 'Any instance of &%Radiating where the radiated waves rebound from a surface, e.g. an echo of sound or a reflection of light.' s__ReflectingLight s__ReflectingLight__t s__Reflecting__t 'Those instances of &%RadiatingLight where the &%instrument is not a light source, but is simply a surface which bends light waves that come in contact with it.' '(wavelength ?RADIATION ?MEASURE) means that the instance of radiation, ?RADIATION, has an average wavelength of ?MEASURE.' s__RadioEmission 'Any instance of &%Radiating where the &%wavelengths are longer than those of visible light and shorter than those of radio emissions.' s__RadiatingUltraviolet s__RadiatingUltraviolet__t s__XRayRadiation 'Any case of &%RadiatingElectromagnetic where the &%wavelengths are shorter than those of visible light and longer than those of X-Rays.' 'UV' s__XRayRadiation__t 'Electro-magnetic radiation of short wavelength, often made use of by devices that scan the inside of objects.' s__RadiatingVisibleLight s__RadiatingVisibleLight__t 'Any instance of &%RadiatingLight that can be detected by normal human visual perception.' s__Sunlight s__Sunlight__t 'Any instance of &%RadiatingLight where the Sun (&%Sol) is the origin.' s__RadioReceiver s__ReceiverDevice s__RadioReceiver__t 'A &%RadioReceiver is a &%Device for receiving radio broadcast signals from a &%RadioStation.' s__Script s__Script__t 'The collection of &%Characters in a particular written language. Every &%WrittenCommunication consists of &%Characters written in a particular script. Scripts include different typefaces, as well as entirely different characters. Times Roman is a very specific script. While the latin character set is a general one, that has specific subclasses like Times Roman. Other scripts include Devanagri (which may be expressed in many different more specific typefaces), or Simplified Chinese.' s__WrittenCommunication s__Orthography s__Orthography__t 'A method for representing the sounds of a &%Language with written &%Characters.' s__Lyrics s__Lyrics__t 'Any &%Text which is intended to be sung.' '(? [V__SING] : (s__instance(V__SING,s__Process) & s__instance(V__SING,s__Singing) & s__patient(V__SING,V__LYRIC)))' s__Paragraph s__Paragraph__t 'A &%Text which consists of one or more sentences, begins with an indented line, and expresses a single topic.' '(sententialObject ?OBJECT ?SENTENCE) means that the &%NounPhrase ?OBJECT is the object of the &%Sentence ?SENTENCE.' '(sententialSubject ?SUBJECT ?SENTENCE) means that the &%NounPhrase ?SUBJECT is the subject of the &%Sentence ?SENTENCE.' '(speaksLanguage ?AGENT ?LANGUAGE) means that the &%SentientAgent ?AGENT is capable of understanding and/or generating the &%Language ?LANGUAGE.' s__MonophonicMusic '&%MakingMusic which has a single part, i.e. &%MakingMusic which cannot be divided into two or more contemporaneous &%subProcesses which are also instances of &%MakingMusic.' s__PolyphonicMusic '&%MakingMusic which has two or more parts, i.e. &%MakingMusic which can be divided into two or more contemporaneous &%subProcesses which are also instances of &%MakingMusic.' s__MusicalTone s__MusicalTone__t 'A &%Process of &%RadiatingSound where the sound has a fundamental frequency and 0 or more partial frequencies or unrelated transients or noise components that have a lesser amplitude than the fundamental.' s__RadiatingSoundUltrasonic s__RadiatingSoundUltrasonic__t 'All sound waves that have frequencies above those that normal &%Human ears can detect.' s__soundFrequency__m s__soundFrequency__t__m 'A relation between a &%Process of &%MusicalTone and the fundamental frequency of that tone.' s__WrittenCommunication__t 'Any &%LinguisticCommunication where the &%instrument is a &%Text, e.g. a letter, an email, a memo, etc.' s__Corresponding s__Corresponding__t 'Instances of &%LinguisticCommunication which are achieved by means of &%Texts that are mailed between the persons communicating with one another.' s__Mailing s__Reminding s__Reminding__t 'Any &%Requesting that is intended to cause a &%Remembering of something.' s__Threatening s__Threatening__t 'Any &%Committing where the thing promised is something that is deemed undesirable by the &%destination of the &%Committing.' s__Punishing s__Punishing__t 'A &%RegulatoryProcess where the agent does something to the &%destination that the &%agent knows is undesirable for the &%destination.' '(~ s__desires(V__D,V__F))' s__Registering s__Registering__t 'Submitting official paperwork in a government agency, e.g. filing for divorce, making a legal claim against someone.' s__Answering s__Answering__t 'Responding to a &%Questioning, i.e. trying to answer someones question.' s__Arguing s__Arguing__t 'Any &%Stating which has the form of an &%Argument.' s__Statement s__TellingALie s__TellingALie__t 'Any &%LinguisticCommunication which is both &%False and believed to be &%False by the &%agent of the &%LinguisticCommunication.' s__Founding s__Founding__t 'Setting up an &%Organization.' s__Club s__Club__t 'A Club is an &%Organization of people that share some &%desire' '(yearOfFounding ?ORG ?NUMBER) means that the &%Organization ?ORG was founded in the year expressed in ?NUMBER.' '(&%dateEstablished ?THING ?TIME) means that the &%Physical ?THING was founded on the date indicated by ?TIME. For example, (&%dateEstablished &%UnitedNations (&%DayFn 26 (&%MonthFn &%June (&%YearFn 1945)))).' s__dateUsed__m 'The date an &%Object is used by an &%Agent.' 'date used' s__Accrediting s__Accrediting__t 'Any process of certifying an &%EducationalOrganization.' s__Indicating s__Indicating__t 'Pointing out a person, place or thing with ones hand or with an &%Artifact.' s__Divorcing s__Divorcing__t 'A &%LegalAction whereby a marriage (&%Wedding) is dissolved. This includes annulments.' s__Appointing s__Appointing__t 'Any instance of &%Declaring by which the patient is assigned to a &%Position within an &%Organization where the patient previously had no position. For example, the appointments of people to non-elective offices in a government.' s__Public s__TurningOffDevice s__TurningOffDevice__t 'Any &%Process whose result is that the patient of the process is in the state of &%DeviceOff. In other words, this class covers any process of turning off a device, e.g. turning off the lights, switching off a television set, etc.' s__TurningOnDevice s__TurningOnDevice__t 'Any &%Process whose result is that the patient of the process is in the state of &%DeviceOn. In other words, this class covers any process of turning on a device, e.g. turning on the lights, switching on a television set, etc.' s__Projectile 'A missile, bullet, etc. that is fired from a &%Weapon.' s__ProjectileShell s__Container s__ProjectileShell__t 'The outer casing of a &%Projectile.' s__ProjectileLauncher s__ProjectileLauncher__t 'A &%Weapon that shoots a &%Projectile.' s__Spear s__Spear__t 'A &%Weapon with a long handle and a short blade.' s__Sword s__Sword__t 'A &%Weapon with a long blade and covered handle.' s__Whip s__Whip__t 'A &%Weapon that consists of a thin strand of &%Fabric, usually &%Leather, and a handle by which the strand is impelled at a high rate of speed.' s__Gun s__Gun__t s__ArtilleryGun s__Firearm s__MortarGun s__MortarGun__t 'A short-range &%Gun that is positioned on the ground at a high angle and fires explosive shells.' s__Bullet s__Bullet__t 'A &%Projectile that is designed to be fired by a &%Gun.' '(? [V__S,V__GUN] : (s__instance(V__GUN,s__Object) & s__instance(V__S,s__Process) & s__instance(V__S,s__Shooting) & s__instrument(V__S,V__GUN) & s__instance(V__GUN,s__Gun) & s__patient(V__S,V__B)))' s__BulletCartridge s__BulletCartridge__t 'The entire projectile consisting of a bullet, casing, gunpowder, and primer.' 'bullet cartridge' '(? [V__BULLET,V__CASE] : (s__instance(V__CASE,s__Object) & s__instance(V__BULLET,s__Object) & s__instance(V__BULLET,s__Bullet) & s__instance(V__CASE,s__CartridgeCase) & s__properPart(V__BULLET,V__CARTRIDGE) & s__properPart(V__CASE,V__CARTRIDGE)))' s__CartridgeCase s__CartridgeCase__t 'the part of a cartridge that holds the bullet' case s__GunBarrel s__GunBarrel__t 'The part of a &%Gun through which a &%Projectile travels when it is fired.' s__GunPowder s__GunPowder__t 'A &%Mixture of potassium nitrate, sulfur, and charcoal that is used in &%ExplosiveDevices and to propell &%Projectiles in &%ProjectileWeapons.' s__Explosion s__GunTrigger s__Lever s__GunTrigger__t s__Lever__t 'The part of the &%Gun which is pulled in &%Shooting the &%Gun.' s__LoadingWeapon s__LoadingWeapon__t 'Inserting ammunition into a &%ProjectileWeapon in such a way that the ammunition can be fired by the weapon.' 'Models the effective range of some device that is able to move by itself (like vehicles, rockets and so on) or move other things (like weapons).' '(s__instance(V__DAMAGING,s__Damaging) & s__patient(V__DAMAGING,V__O))' '(s__instance(V__KILLING,s__Killing) & s__patient(V__KILLING,V__O))' s__GunStock s__GunStock__t 'The part of a &%Gun that is placed against the shoulder to absorb some of the recoil action when it is fired.' s__WeaponOfMassDestruction s__WeaponOfMassDestruction__t 'Nuclear, chemical and biological weapons. What these weapons have in common is that they are designed to kill large numbers of people indiscriminately.' s__Handle s__Handle__t 'The part or parts of an &%Artifact that are designed to be held with the &%Hands when the &%Artifact is used or carried.' '(? [V__G,V__D] : (s__instance(V__D,s__Object) & s__instance(V__G,s__Process) & s__instance(V__G,s__Grabbing) & s__patient(V__G,V__H) & s__instrument(V__G,V__D) & s__instance(V__D,s__Hand)))' s__Shield s__Shield__t 'An &%Artifact that is held by the hand or whole arm and is used to prevent injuries from &%Weapons.' s__Mast s__Mast__t 'A large pole in the center of a &%WaterVehicle which is used to support a sail.' s__WaterVehicle s__WingDevice s__WingDevice__t 'The wings of &%Aircraft, i.e. the parts of &%Aircraft that allow them to become and remain airborne.' s__Aircraft s__Tube s__Tube__t 'A long, narrow, and hollow &%Artifact that is designed for moving &%Fluids from place to another.' '(? [V__P,V__OBJ] : (s__instance(V__OBJ,s__Object) & s__instance(V__P,s__Motion) & s__instance(V__P,s__Transfer) & s__path(V__P,V__T) & s__patient(V__P,V__OBJ) & s__attribute(V__OBJ,s__Fluid)))' s__PhotographicFilm s__PhotographicFilm__t 'Celluloid covered with an emulsion which can be converted into photographic negatives by a &%Camera.' s__PictureFrame s__PictureFrame__t 'A frame which surrounds a &%PaintedPicture or &%Photograph and has the function of protecting and accenting the picture.' '(? [V__P] : (s__instance(V__P,s__Object) & s__meetsSpatially(V__F,V__P) & (s__instance(V__P,s__PaintedPicture) | s__instance(V__P,s__Photograph))))' s__Shelf s__Shelf__t 'An piece of &%Furniture or part of a piece of &%Furniture that is used for keeping or displaying things.' s__Furniture s__AutomaticGun s__AutomaticGun__t 'A &%Gun that fires a burst of &%Projectiles with each pull of the trigger. Also known as a machine gun.' s__Pulling s__ArtilleryGun__t 'A &%Gun that is too large to be carried and fired by a single &%Human. Typically, &%ArtilleryGuns are on wheels.' s__Rifle s__Pistol 'A &%Gun that is small enough to be carried and fired by a single &%Human.' s__Rifle__t s__Firearm__t 'A &%Firearm with a long barrel that is intended to be fired from the shoulder.' 'A &%Firearm that is intended to be aimed and fired with a single hand.' s__RevolverGun s__RevolverGun__t s__Pistol__t 'A &%Pistol whose magazine is a revolving cylinder with six chambers for &%Bullets.' s__ContainerEmpty '&%ContainerEmpty is the &%Attribute of a &%Container that is empty.' s__ContainerFull '&%ContainerFull is the &%Attribute of a &%Container that is full to capacity.' s__Holster s__Holster__t 'A &%Container for a &%Pistol. It is generally made of Leather and worn on either the shoulder or the waist.' '(? [V__P] : (s__instance(V__P,s__Object) & s__instance(V__P,s__Pistol) & s__contains(V__H,V__P)))' s__Wastebasket s__Wastebasket__t 'A &%Container which is used for trash.' s__ArrowProjectile s__ArrowProjectile__t 'A long, thin &%Projectile with a pointed tip is fired from a bow.' s__DriveComponent s__DriveComponent__t 'An &%EngineeringComponent whose purpose is to transfer force from one part of a &%Device to another part.' s__PetroleumProduct s__Oil '&%PetroleumProduct is a broad class that includes both crude oil (Petroleum) and &%RefinedPetroleumProducts.' s__OrganicCompound s__FossilFuel s__Fuel s__FossilFuel__t s__Fuel__t s__PetroleumProduct__t '&%FossilFuel is the subclass of &%Fuel whose instances are derived from fossilized organic deposits, such as &%Coal and &%LiquefiedPetroleumGas.' 'Fuel is the class of &%Substances that can be used as resources in Combustion processes in order to produce heat. Mechanical energy can be produced by burning fuel in an &%Engine.' s__Wax s__Wax__t 'Any &%Substance of high molecular weight that resembles beeswax.' s__LiquefiedPetroleumGas s__LiquefiedPetroleumGas__t '&%LiquefiedPetroleumGas is a compressed hydrocarbon gas.' s__Gasoline s__Gasoline__t '&%Gasoline is the subclass of RefinedPetroleumProducts that are fuels for internal combustion engines.' s__DieselFuel s__DieselFuel__t '&%DieselFuel is the subclass of RefinedPetroleumProducts that are fuels for diesel engines.' s__Transducer 'A &%Device which is capable of converting one form of energy into another. Formally, a &%Twoport that neither stores nor dissipates, but only transfers energy between its two ports.' s__Transducer__t s__Engine 'Engine is a subclass of &%Transducer. &%Engines are devices for converting some form of energy resource into mechanical power.' '(powerPlant ?GENERATOR ?THING) means that the &%Device ?GENERATOR is the power-producing component of the &%Artifact ?THING which provides the energy for its operation.' s__SelfPoweredDevice s__Battery s__SteamEngine s__SteamEngine__t '&%SteamEngine is the subclass of &%Engines that produce mechanical power from heat and steam pressure.' s__Turbine s__Turbine__t s__Engine__t 'An &%Engine which converts the kinetic energy of a moving &%Liquid (typically &%Water) into mechanical energy.' s__Windmill s__Windmill__t 'Windmill is the subclass of &%Engines that produce mechanical power from &%Wind energy.' s__InternalCombustionEngine '&%InternalCombustionEngine is the subclass of &%Engines in which a heat reaction that occurs inside the engine is transformed into mechanical energy.' s__Manifold s__Manifold__t 'A pipe which has several outlets for other pipes that flow into or out of it.' s__ElectricMotor s__ElectricDevice s__ElectricMotor__t '&%ElectricMotor is the subclass of &%Engines that produce mechanical power from electricity.' s__SwitchDevice s__SwitchDevice__t 'An &%EngineeringComponent which is capable of turning an &%ElectricDevice on and off.' s__Microphone s__CommunicationDevice s__Microphone__t 'A &%CommunicationDevice that converts sound into electrical energy.' s__ReceiverDevice__t 'An &%ElectricDevice that is capable of receiving and decoding &%RadioEmissions, e.g. &%Radios and &%Televisions.' s__Telegraph s__Telegraph__t 'A &%Device that permits &%LinguisticCommunication between remote points by means of a code of aural dots and dashes that can be converted into letters of an alphabet.' s__ProjectionScreen s__ProjectionScreen__t 'A &%CommunicationDevice upon which images are projected so that they can be viewed.' s__Pencil s__WritingDevice s__Pencil__t 'A &%WritingDevice that consists of an encased piece of graphite.' s__DeviceAttribute 'This class contains &%Attributes that indicate how a &%Device is behaving with respect to some norm or expectation. Examples: &%Functioning, &%Malfunctioning.' s__Functioning s__Malfunctioning 'Indicates that a &%Device is performing its intended function.' s__DeviceAttribute__t 'Indicates that a &%Device is not performing its intended function.' '&%DeviceStateAttribute is the class of attributes that represent different states that a Device may be in. Examples: &%DeviceOff, &%DeviceOn, &%DeviceOpen, and &%DeviceClosed.' s__DeviceClosed s__DeviceOff s__DeviceOn s__DeviceOpen s__DeviceStateAttribute__t '(deviceState ?DEVICE ?STATE) means that the &%Object ?DEVICE is in the &%DeviceStateAttribute ?STATE.' s__Aerator s__Aerator__t 'A &%Device whose purpose is to mix &%Substances with &%Air.' '(? [V__COMBINE,V__AIR] : (s__instance(V__AIR,s__Object) & s__instance(V__COMBINE,s__Process) & s__instance(V__COMBINE,s__Combining) & s__resource(V__COMBINE,V__AIR) & s__instance(V__AIR,s__Air) & s__instrument(V__COMBINE,V__AERATOR)))' s__Aerating s__Aerating__t 'Combining a substance with &%Air.' s__Broom s__BrushOrComb s__Broom__t s__BrushOrComb__t 'A &%BrushOrComb whose purpose is to remove dirt and other small particles from floors.' '(? [V__S] : (s__instance(V__S,s__Process) & s__instance(V__S,s__Sweeping) & s__instrument(V__S,V__B)))' 'A &%Device which consists of a handle and bristles and whose purpose is to remove particles from something or to smooth something out.' '(? [V__S] : (s__instance(V__S,s__Process) & (s__instance(V__S,s__Removing) | s__instance(V__S,s__SurfaceChange)) & s__instrument(V__S,V__B)))' s__MatchDevice s__MatchDevice__t 'A small stick of carboard or wood that is treated with chemicals that can be easily ignited with friction. MatchDevices are used for starting fires.' s__VendingDevice s__VendingDevice__t 'A &%Device which is capable of &%Selling a &%Product to a customer automatically when the customer inserts the appropriate amount of Currency.' '(? [V__T,V__C,V__P] : (s__instance(V__T,s__Process) & s__instance(V__T,s__FinancialTransaction) & s__instrument(V__T,V__VD) & s__patient(V__T,V__C) & s__instance(V__C,s__Currency) & s__patient(V__T,V__P) & s__instance(V__P,s__Product)))' s__WritingDevice__t 'A &%Device whose purpose is to be an instrument of &%Writing, e.g. pens, pencils, crayons, etc.' '(? [V__W] : (s__instance(V__W,s__Process) & s__instance(V__W,s__Writing) & s__instrument(V__W,V__D)))' s__SmokingDevice 'Any Device whose purpose is &%Smoking.' '(? [V__S] : (s__instance(V__S,s__Process) & s__instance(V__S,s__Smoking) & s__instrument(V__S,V__D)))' s__SmokingPipe s__SmokingPipe__t s__SmokingDevice__t 'A &%SmokingDevice consisting of a tube and a small bowl.' s__Shower s__BathingDevice s__Shower__t '&%Shower refers to a plumbing fixture that sprays water over you.' shower '(? [V__SPRAY] : (s__instance(V__SPRAY,s__Process) & s__instance(V__SPRAY,s__WaterMotion) & s__origin(V__SPRAY,V__SHOWER)))' s__Wall s__Ceiling s__Floor s__BathTub s__BathingDevice__t s__FluidContainer '&%BathTub refers to a &%BathingDevice that you can fill with water to use to watch the body' tub '(? [V__WATER] : (s__instance(V__WATER,s__Object) & s__instance(V__WATER,s__Water) & s__contains(V__TUB,V__WATER)))' s__Excrement '&%Excrement refers to the waste matter that is discharged from the body' excrement s__Feces s__Feces__t s__Excrement__t '&%Feces is a type of &%Solid &%Excrement evacuated from the bowels' feces s__Intestine s__Urine s__Urine__t '&%Urine is a type of &%Liquid &%Excrement that is secreted by the &%Kidney' urine s__Kidney s__Excretion '&%Excretion is a type of &%OrganismProcess that discharges waste from tissues, organs or the body' excretion s__Urination s__Urination__t s__Excretion__t '&%Urination is a type of &%Excretion that discharges &%Urine' urination s__Defecation s__Defecation__t '&%Defecation is a type of &%Excretion that discharges &%Feces' defecation s__Sewage s__Sewage__t 'The byproduct of &%Animal digestion. Sewage is a waste product that is removed from the body of an animal by a normally functioning &%BiologicalProcess. Sewage consists largely of substances which the animal cannot digest, or may be harmful, so the breakdown of the biological waste removal process can be evidence or cause of a &%DiseaseOrSyndrome.' s__Bidet s__WashingDevice s__Bidet__t '&%Bidet is a &%WashingDevice intended for washing genitals and the anal area while on the toilet' bidet '(? [V__PROC,V__WASH,V__PART] : (s__instance(V__PART,s__Object) & s__instance(V__WASH,s__Process) & s__instance(V__PROC,s__Process) & (s__instance(V__PROC,s__Defecation) | s__instance(V__PROC,s__Urination)) & s__instrument(V__PROC,V__PART) & s__instance(V__WASH,s__Washing) & s__patient(V__WASH,V__PART) & s__instrument(V__WASH,V__X) & s__before(s__BeginFn(s__WhenFn(V__PROC)),s__BeginFn(s__WhenFn(V__WASH)))))' s__Toilet s__Toilet__t 'A &%Device for the disposal of wastes resulting from urination and defecation.' s__Bathroom '(? [V__PROC] : (s__instance(V__PROC,s__Process) & (s__instance(V__PROC,s__Defecation) | s__instance(V__PROC,s__Urination)) & s__destination(V__PROC,V__X)))' s__Toothbrush s__Toothbrush__t 'A small &%BrushOrComb with relatively soft bristles and a long handle, used for brushing teeth (see &%Tooth). It is used help control bacteria living in the mouth. While most typically used by humans on themselves, it can be used by &%Dentists on their patients and by adults assisting children. They are occasionally used by humans caring for pets, zoo animals and valuable livestock.' '(? [V__K] : (s__instance(V__K,s__Process) & s__instance(V__TOOTH,s__Tooth) & s__instrument(V__K,V__T) & s__instance(V__K,s__Killing) & s__instance(V__B,s__Bacterium) & s__patient(V__K,V__B) & s__patient(V__K,V__TOOTH)))' s__CigarOrCigarette s__CigarOrCigarette__t 'A tube of thin paper containing finely ground tobacco that is smoked.' s__Tobacco s__Tableware s__Tableware__t '&%Devices that are used in &%Ingesting (&%Eating and/or &%Drinking) a meal. This coves dishware, flatware, and glassware.' '(? [V__I] : (s__instance(V__I,s__Process) & s__instance(V__I,s__Ingesting) & s__instrument(V__I,V__T)))' s__Compass s__Compass__t 'A &%Device that indicates the direction of the various &%DirectionalAttributes with respect to the device.' s__MajorAppliance s__Refrigerator s__Refrigerator__t s__Freezer s__Freezer__t s__CookingRange s__CookingRange__t s__CookingOven s__CookingOven__t s__MajorAppliance__t s__HotWaterHeater s__HotWaterHeater__t s__ClothesWashingMachine s__ClothesWashingMachine__t s__ClothesDryer s__Dishwasher s__Dishwasher__t s__CoolingDevice 'A &%Device whose purpose is &%Cooling something, e.g. air conditioners, refrigerators, freezers, etc.' '(? [V__C] : (s__instance(V__C,s__Process) & s__instance(V__C,s__Cooling) & s__instrument(V__C,V__D)))' s__FanDevice s__FanDevice__t s__CoolingDevice__t 'A &%CoolingDevice which consists simply of one or more blades that circulate the air. Note that this class covers both electrical fans and fans that are manually operated.' '(? [V__W] : (s__instance(V__W,s__Process) & s__instance(V__W,s__Wind) & s__instrument(V__W,V__F)))' s__HeatingDevice 'A &%Device whose purpose is &%Heating something, e.g. electric heaters, heat lamps, ovens, stoves, etc.' '(? [V__H] : (s__instance(V__H,s__Process) & s__instance(V__H,s__Heating) & s__instrument(V__H,V__D)))' s__Oven s__Oven__t 'A &%HeatingDevice with a door for inserting and removing &%Food that is to undergo &%Baking.' '(? [V__C] : (s__instance(V__C,s__Process) & s__instance(V__C,s__Cooking) & s__instrument(V__C,V__O)))' s__Stove s__Stove__t s__HeatingDevice__t 'A &%HeatingDevice which consists one or more burners for heating pots and pans of &%Food.' '(? [V__C] : (s__instance(V__C,s__Process) & s__instance(V__C,s__Cooking) & s__instrument(V__C,V__S)))' 'The intersection of &%Containers and &%ElectricDevices in which the temperature is reduced from that of the outside air by a &%Cooling process.' s__PotOrPan s__PotOrPan__t 'A &%Container which has a handle and is used for &%Cooking.' '(? [V__C] : (s__instance(V__C,s__Process) & s__instance(V__C,s__Cooking) & s__instrument(V__C,V__P)))' s__Ramp s__Ramp__t 'Ramp is the class of &%SelfConnectedObjects that are inclined planes used for moving objects from one level to another, especially used for wheeled vehicles and people who cannot climb stairs.' s__RecreationOrExerciseDevice 'A &%Device whose purpose is &%RecreationOrExercise.' '(? [V__E] : (s__instance(V__E,s__Process) & s__instance(V__E,s__RecreationOrExercise) & s__instrument(V__E,V__D)))' s__WalkingCane s__WalkingCane__t 'A &%Device which has the form of a staff with a handle and which enables some people to walk with greater assurance.' '(? [V__W] : (s__instance(V__W,s__Process) & s__instance(V__W,s__Walking) & s__instrument(V__W,V__C)))' 'Any &%Device whose purpose is &%Washing something, e.g. washing machines, dishwashers, bathtubs, etc.' '(? [V__W] : (s__instance(V__W,s__Process) & s__instance(V__W,s__Washing) & s__instrument(V__W,V__D)))' s__MaterialHandlingEquipment '&%MaterialHandlingEquipment is a class of &%Devices that are equipment used for handling goods and supplies more efficiently or safely. Examples are cranes, hoists, forklifts, conveyors, racks, etc.' s__Crane s__Crane__t s__MaterialHandlingEquipment__t 'Crane is a subclass of mechanical &%Devices that consist of a &%HoistingDevice on a moveable boom, designed to assist in moving heavy loads.' s__HoistingDevice s__HoistingDevice__t '&%HoistingDevice is a subclass of mechanical &%Devices that provide a mechanical advantage in lifting and lowering, e.g., by use of a block and tackle.' s__OpticalDevice 'A &%Device which enables someone to see something more clearly or with greater magnification.' '(? [V__S] : (s__instance(V__S,s__Process) & s__instance(V__S,s__Seeing) & s__instrument(V__S,V__D)))' s__EyeGlass s__EyeGlass__t 'A lens or pair of lenses with or without frames whose purpose is to to correct a defect in vision. This class covers ordinary eye glasses, reading glasses, contact lenses, monocles, etc.' s__Lens s__Lens__t 'An &%OpticalDevice which consists of a polished, transparent piece of glass or plastic. Lenses are often part of other &%OpticalDevices.' s__Microscope s__Microscope__t s__OpticalDevice__t 'An &%OpticalDevice with a stand and a focus, which is used for magnifying the images of things that are placed in the stand.' s__Filter s__Filter__t 'A &%Device whose purpose is to remove part of a &%Mixture that is passed through the &%Filter.' '(? [V__REMOVE,V__M] : (s__instance(V__M,s__Object) & s__instance(V__REMOVE,s__Process) & s__instance(V__REMOVE,s__Removing) & s__origin(V__REMOVE,V__M) & s__instance(V__M,s__Mixture) & s__instrument(V__REMOVE,V__FILTER)))' s__FileDevice s__FileDevice__t 'A &%Device whose purpose is to make something smoother. For example, a nail file is used to even out the tips of ones finger nails.' 'A &%Device that uses &%Electricity as its primary power source.' s__Electricity s__Electricity__t 'While electricity is typically thought of as just a difference in electrical potential, one way of modeling electricity is as a substance that can be moved from one point to another or consumed. One could make the claim that subatomic physics also supports the classification as a substance since electrons are objects.' 'A source of electrical power.' 'power source' s__DCPowerSource 'A direct-current &%PowerSource.' 'DC power source' s__DCPowerSource__t s__Battery__t 'Battery is a subclass of &%Device. Batteries are devices that use chemical means to store or produce electrical power.' s__Radar s__Radar__t 'An &%ElectricDevice that emits and receives microwave radiation for the purpose of locating and tracking distant objects.' '(? [V__DISCOVER] : (s__instance(V__DISCOVER,s__Process) & s__instance(V__DISCOVER,s__Discovering) & s__instrument(V__DISCOVER,V__RADAR)))' '(discovers ?AGENT ?OBJECT) means that the &%Agent ?AGENT discovered the &%Object ?OBJECT.' discovers s__Sonar s__Sonar__t 'Something that emits and receives sound for the purpose of locating and tracking distant objects. Note that this covers both manmade devices and &%BodyParts such as the sonar of bats and dolphins.' '(? [V__DISCOVER] : (s__instance(V__DISCOVER,s__Process) & s__instance(V__DISCOVER,s__Discovering) & s__instrument(V__DISCOVER,V__SONAR)))' s__Echoing s__Echoing__t 'Instances of &%RadiatingSound where the instrument is a surface which bounces sound waves back to their origin, where they can be heard again.' s__ElectricalSignalling s__Signalling s__ElectricalSignalling__t s__Signalling__t '&%ElectricalSignalling is the subclass of &%Signalling processes that involve control of an electrical current. Cf. &%ElectronicSignalling.' s__ElectronicSignalling s__ElectronicSignalling__t '&%ElectronicSignalling is the subclass of &%ElectricalSignalling that involve a signal generated through electronic means.' s__SecurityDevice s__SecurityDevice__t 'A &%Device whose purpose is to protect people or property from kidnappers and/or thieves.' s__Lock 'A &%Device, which, through a &%Key or a combination prevents access to a &%Container or &%StationaryArtifact.' s__Key s__Key__t 'A &%Device which opens and closes a &%Lock.' s__Opening s__Closing s__SafeContainer s__SafeContainer__t 'A &%Container with a &%Lock which is intended to secure items from theft. Note that this covers safes, lockers, and locked storage compartments.' s__AnimalController s__AnimalController__t 'Any &%Device which is used to control the movements of an &%Animal or &%Human, e.g. leashes, reins, harnesses, muzzles, bridles, shackles, handcuffs, etc.' '(? [V__G,V__A] : (s__instance(V__G,s__Process) & s__instance(V__G,s__Guiding) & s__instrument(V__G,V__AC) & s__instance(V__A,s__Animal) & s__patient(V__G,V__A)))' '&%SelfPoweredDevice is the subclass of &%Devices whose action is powered by some kind of on-board component or power source (not the user, which would be a &%UserPoweredVehicle).' s__AnimalPoweredDevice s__AnimalPoweredDevice__t '&%AnimalPoweredDevice is the subclass of &%Devices that function with power supplied by animals. Examples: oxcarts, horse-drawn plows, mule-driven mills.' s__Flat 'This &%ShapeAttribute describes a three dimensional &%Object for which two dimensions are markedly larger than the third, and the two larger dimensions also are not of markedly different lengths.' s__LongAndThin 'This &%ShapeAttribute describes a three dimensional &%Object that is markedly longer in one dimension than in the other two.' s__LevelShape 'The &%ShapeAttribute of &%Objects where no part of the top of the &%Object is higher than any other part of the top.' s__SymmetricShape 'A &%ShapeAttribute that applies to a &%SelfConnectedObject that can be divided into two copies of each other.' s__Baton s__Baton__t 'A thin stick which is used for &%MusicalConducting.' '(? [V__M,V__G] : (s__instance(V__G,s__Process) & s__instance(V__M,s__Process) & s__instance(V__M,s__MusicalPerformance) & s__instance(V__G,s__Guiding) & s__subProcess(V__G,V__M) & s__instrument(V__G,V__B)))' s__SecurityAlarm s__SecurityAlarm__t 'A &%SecurityDevice that detects intrusions to a &%StationaryArtifact and issues a warning of some sort.' s__FiniteQuantity s__InfiniteQuantity s__FiniteQuantity__t 'Any &%Quantity that is limited or bounded in magnitude.' s__InfiniteQuantity__t 'Any &%Quantity that is not limited or bounded in magnitude.' s__Clock 'Any &%Device that measures and represents &%TimeDuration or &%TimePosition.' s__WatchClock s__WatchClock__t s__Clock__t 'A &%Clock that can be worn on the &%Wrist.' s__Wrist s__Thermometer s__Thermometer__t 'Any &%Device that measures and represents &%TemperatureMeasure.' s__PressureMeasuringDevice s__PressureMeasuringDevice__t 'Any &%Device that measures and represents &%PressureMeasure.' '(measurementReading ?DEVICE ?QUANTITY) means that ?QUANTITY is a reading of the &%MeasuringDevice ?DEVICE, e.g. if ?THERMOMETER is a &%Thermometer, (measurementReading ?THERMOMETER (&%MeasureFn 42 &%CelsiusDegree)) would mean that ?THERMOMETER registers 42 degrees &%Celsius.' 'A &%CommunicationDevice is a &%Device which serves at the &%instrument in a &%Communication &%Process by allowing the communicated message to be conveyed between the participants.' s__Telephone 'A &%Telephone is a &%CommunicationDevice that enables &%LinguisticCommunication between nodes in a &%TelephoneSystem by converting sound into electrical signals that are then transmitted. When the signals are received, they are converted back into sound.' s__Telephoning s__Telephoning__t 'A &%Telephoning is a &%Communication in which the &%instrument is a &%Telephone, and which typically includes an &%instance of &%Speaking as a &%subProcess.' s__Fax s__ArtifactMediatedCommunication s__Fax__t 'The communication of a printed page between remote locations.' s__FaxMachine s__FaxMachine__t 'A &%FaxMachine is a &%TelephonyDevice that scans a paper page and transmits a coded image of the page over a &%TelephoneSystem to a receiving &%FaxMachine, which decodes the coded and image and prints a replica of the original. A typical &%FaxMachine is made up of a scanner, a printer, a modem, and a control panel with some sort of status display.' '(&%emailAddress ?Address ?Agent) means that ?Address denotes a &%VirtualPlace at which ?Agent can be contacted.' s__LightFixture 'Any &%Device whose purpose is to be a source of visible light.' s__Candle s__Candle__t 'An &%LightFixture that consists of &%Wax and a wick, which is lit with a flame.' '(? [V__F] : (s__instance(V__F,s__Process) & s__instance(V__F,s__Fire) & s__resource(V__F,V__C)))' s__Lightning s__Lightning__t 'A &%WeatherProcess which involves a significant release of electricity from a &%Cloud.' s__Thunder s__Thunder__t 'Any instance of &%RadiatingSound which is caused by an instance of Lightning.' s__VehicleLight s__LightFixture__t 'Any &%LightFixture which is attached to the surface of a &%Vehicle and whose purpose is to illuminate that area around the &%Vehicle so that potential obstacles can be detected or alerted.' s__Headlight s__Headlight__t s__VehicleLight__t 'Any &%VehicleLight which is attached to the front of a &%Vehicle.' s__Taillight s__Taillight__t 'Any &%VehicleLight which is attached to the back of a &%Vehicle.' s__PaintedPicture 'Any &%ArtWork which is produced by &%Painting.' s__Paint s__Painting s__WatercolorPicture s__WatercolorPicture__t 'Any &%PaintedPicture which is created with water-based paints.' s__WatercolorPaint s__Wallpaper s__Wallpaper__t 'Any decorative paper that is used to cover the &%Walls of &%Rooms.' s__Paper '(? [V__W,V__R,V__C] : (s__instance(V__C,s__Process) & s__instance(V__R,s__Object) & s__instance(V__W,s__Object) & s__instance(V__W,s__Wall) & s__part(V__W,V__R) & s__instance(V__R,s__Room) & s__instance(V__C,s__Covering) & s__patient(V__C,V__W) & s__instrument(V__C,V__P)))' s__Sculpture s__Sculpture__t 'Any &%ArtWork which is not constructed on the two-dimensional surface of a canvas, piece of paper, etc.' s__Portrait s__Portrait__t s__PaintedPicture__t 'A &%PaintedPicture that represents someones &%Face.' s__Face s__Sketch s__Sketch__t 'Any &%ArtWork which is produced by a pencil or piece of charcoal.' s__Collage s__Collage__t 'Any abstract &%ArtWork that is produced by arranging bits of paper or photographs.' s__Folding s__Folding__t 'Bending something in such a way that one part of it covers another part.' s__Painting__t 'The application of &%Paint to a &%surface. Note that this class covers both &%ArtPainting (the creation of &%PaintedPictures), as well as painting ones kitchen, for example.' s__Paint__t 'Any &%Solution which is capable of &%Coloring something.' s__WatercolorPaint__t 'Any &%Paint which is a water-based &%Solution.' s__OilPaint s__OilPaint__t 'Any &%Paint which is an oil-based &%Solution.' s__OilPicture s__OilPicture__t 'Any &%OilPicture which is created with oil-based paints.' s__ArtPainting s__ArtPainting__t 'Any &%ContentDevelopment that results in a &%PaintedPicture.' '(potentialOfHydrogen ?SOLUTION ?NUMBER) means that the Solution ?SOLUTION has a pH value of ?NUMBER. The ph varies between 0 and 14, and it is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of ?SOLUTION. More precisely, and it is the logarithm of the reciprocal of the quantity of &%AtomGrams of &%Hydrogen ions.' s__Tracing s__Tracing__t 'Any &%ContentDevelopment that results in a &%Blueprint.' s__Blueprint s__ComposingMusic s__ComposingMusic__t '&%ComposingMusic is a type of &%ContentDevelopment that results in a &%MusicalComposition' 'composing music' s__MusicalComposition s__Drawing s__Drawing__t 'Any &%ContentDevelopment that results in a &%Sketch.' s__Focusing s__Focusing__t 'Altering the relative distance of a &%Lens so that a visual image is sharper.' s__DisplayArtifact 'Something for posting content so that it can be disseminated to the public.' '(? [V__P,V__D,V__I] : (s__instance(V__D,s__Process) & s__instance(V__P,s__Process) & s__instance(V__P,s__Putting) & s__instance(V__D,s__Disseminating) & s__instance(V__I,s__ContentBearingObject) & s__patient(V__P,V__I) & s__patient(V__D,V__I) & s__destination(V__P,V__DA)))' s__VehicleWheel s__Wheel s__VehicleWheel__t s__Wheel__t '&%VehicleWheel is a class of cylindrical &%Devices used to move a &%RoadVehicle along a road, running either directly on the wheel rims or on tires attached to the wheel rims.' 'A circular &%Artifact which is a component of &%LandVehicles and of some &%Devices.' s__LandVehicle s__VehicleController 'Any &%Device which is used to start, stop or control the movements of a &%Vehicle. This class covers steering wheels, brakes, acceleration pedals, airplane sticks, etc.' '(? [V__D] : (s__instance(V__D,s__Process) & s__instance(V__D,s__Driving) & s__instrument(V__D,V__C)))' s__SteeringWheel s__SteeringWheel__t s__VehicleController__t 'A &%VehicleController which enables one to steer a &%Vehicle.' s__VehicleBrake s__VehicleBrake__t 'A &%VehicleController which is capable of stopping the motion of a &%Vehicle.' '(? [V__S] : (s__instance(V__S,s__Process) & s__instance(V__S,s__StopFn(s__Motion)) & s__patient(V__S,V__V) & s__instrument(V__S,V__B)))' s__VehicleThrottle s__VehicleThrottle__t 'A &%VehicleController which controls the amount of &%Fuel which is supplied to the &%Engine.' s__VehicleTire s__VehicleTire__t 'A covering, usually made of rubber, for a &%Wheel.' s__VehicleWindow s__Window s__VehicleWindow__t s__Window__t 'Any &%Window which is part of a &%Vehicle, e.g. the &%Windshield and &%RearWindow of an &%Automobile.' s__Windshield s__Windshield__t s__RearWindow 'Any &%VehicleWindow which located at the front of a &%RoadVehicle.' s__RoadVehicle '&%LandVehicle is the class of &%TransportationDevices that travel on land. The two main types of &%LandVehicle are &%RoadVehicle and &%RailVehicle. Note that this includes vehicles which travel on any solid surface, including a frozen body of water or snow.' '(? [V__EV,V__SURF] : (s__instance(V__SURF,s__SelfConnectedObject) & s__instance(V__EV,s__Physical) & s__surface(V__SURF,s__GeographicArea) & s__instance(V__EV,s__Transportation) & s__holdsDuring(s__WhenFn(V__EV),s__meetsSpatially(V__X,V__SURF))))' s__WaterVehicle__t '&%WaterVehicle is the class of all &%TransportationDevices used to travel on or in water.' '(? [V__EV,V__SURF] : (s__instance(V__SURF,s__Object) & s__instance(V__EV,s__Physical) & s__instance(V__SURF,s__Water) & s__instance(V__EV,s__Transportation) & s__holdsDuring(s__WhenFn(V__EV),s__meetsSpatially(V__X,V__SURF))))' s__RoadVehicle__t s__LandVehicle__t 'The class of &%LandVehicles that are not &%RollingStock.' s__Fleet s__Fleet__t 'A &%Collection of &%Vehicle' 'Fleet' '(fleetSize ?AGENT ?NUM) means the &%Agent ?AGENT has a fleet size of an &%Integer ?NUM. The &%Fleet can consists of any type of &%Vehicle' 'Fleet Size' s__Axle s__Axle__t 'Axle is a class of &%Devices each of which can be paired with two &%VehicleWheels to rotate and move a &%RoadVehicle.' 'Paper is a flat sheet of fibers, usually produced by spreading a wet solution of wood particles on a flat surface and drying through heat and pressure. The fibers can also be cotton or a synthetic, although typically the bulk of the substance is wood fibers. This includes all manner of paper products that may have varying thicknesses, colors or texture. This is distinguished from flat wood products such as plywood and particle board which have a structural function in building construction. Sheathing materials such as the paper affixed to sheetrock however, is paper.' s__Paper__t '(? [V__TEXT] : (s__instance(V__TEXT,s__Object) & s__instance(V__TEXT,s__Text) & s__part(V__TEXT,V__PAPER)))' s__CurrencyBill s__CurrencyBill__t s__CurrencyCoin 'Any instance of &%Currency that is made of paper.' s__CurrencyCoin__t 'Any instance of &%Currency that is made of &%Metal.' s__Wire s__Wire__t 'A long, thin strand of &%Metal that is used in a wide range of applications, including the wiring of electrical systems, creating bundles and the construction of cages.' s__WireSpring s__WireSpring__t 'An &%EngineeringComponent consisting of a coil of &%Wire that returns to its original shape when pulled apart or pressed together.' s__WireLine s__WireLine__t 'A &%Wire that is designed for conducting electricity.' '(? [V__R] : (s__instance(V__R,s__Motion) & s__instance(V__R,s__Radiating) & s__path(V__R,V__WL)))' s__TelephoneLine s__TelephoneLine__t 'A &%WireLine that carries telephone signals and allows users of &%Telephones or &%Telegraphs to communicate with one another.' s__String s__String__t 'A long, thin strand of Fabric that is used for &%Tying things together, etc. Note that this class covers a cord of any width, including rope, twine, and thread, for example.' s__Plug 'An &%Artifact which is designed to fit snugly within a &%Hole.' s__Pottery s__Pottery__t 'Household &%Artifacts that are made out of baked &%Clay.' s__Clay s__Pillow s__Pillow__t 'A soft, stuffed &%Artifact to support the &%Head or the body as a whole while one is sleeping or relaxing.' s__Mirror s__Mirror__t 'An &%Artifact with a surface that is capable of displaying an image by reflecting light.' 'Any free-standing and movable &%Artifacts which which are used in day-to-day living and designed to rest on the &%Floor of a &%Room. This excludes items such as a rock which may serve as a chair but was not created with the intention of supporting that use.' '(? [V__FL] : (s__instance(V__FL,s__Object) & s__instance(V__FL,s__Floor) & s__meetsSpatially(V__F,V__FL)))' s__Seat 'Any instance of &%Furniture which is designed to accommodate &%Humans who are &%Sitting.' '(? [V__PERSON] : (s__instance(V__PERSON,s__Object) & s__instance(V__PERSON,s__Human) & s__located(V__PERSON,V__SEAT) & s__attribute(V__PERSON,s__Sitting)))' s__Chair s__Chair__t s__Seat__t 'A &%Seat that is designed to accommodate a single &%Human.' s__Sofa s__Sofa__t 'A padded &%Seat that is designed to accommodate more than one &%Human.' '(? [V__P1,V__P2,V__T] : (s__instance(V__T,s__TimePosition) & s__instance(V__P2,s__Object) & s__instance(V__P2,s__Process) & s__instance(V__P1,s__Object) & s__instance(V__P1,s__Process) & (~ (V__P1 = V__P2)) & s__instance(V__P1,s__Human) & s__instance(V__P2,s__Human) & s__holdsDuring(V__T,(s__attribute(V__P1,s__Sitting) & s__attribute(V__P2,s__Sitting) & s__eventLocated(V__P1,V__S) & s__eventLocated(V__P2,V__S)))))' s__Bed s__Furniture__t 'A piece of &%Furniture which is primarily for sleeping.' '(? [V__PERSON] : (s__instance(V__PERSON,s__Object) & s__attribute(V__PERSON,s__Asleep) & s__located(V__PERSON,V__BED)))' s__KingBed s__KingBed__t 'A &%KingBed is a type of &%Bed that is 1.9m by 2.0m in size' 'king-sized bed' "1.9" "2.0" '(? [V__P1,V__P2,V__P3,V__TIME] : (s__instance(V__TIME,s__TimePosition) & s__instance(V__P3,s__Object) & s__instance(V__P2,s__Object) & s__instance(V__P1,s__Object) & (~ (V__P1 = V__P2)) & (~ (V__P2 = V__P3)) & (~ (V__P1 = V__P3)) & s__attribute(V__P1,s__Asleep) & s__attribute(V__P2,s__Asleep) & s__attribute(V__P3,s__Asleep) & s__instance(V__P1,s__Human) & s__instance(V__P2,s__Human) & s__instance(V__P3,s__Human) & s__holdsDuring(V__TIME,(s__located(V__P1,V__X) & s__located(V__P2,V__X) & s__located(V__P3,V__X)))))' s__QueenBed s__QueenBed__t 'A &%QueenBed is a type of &%Bed that is 1.5m by 2.0m in size' 'queen-sized bed' "1.5" '(? [V__P1,V__P2] : (s__instance(V__P2,s__Object) & s__instance(V__P1,s__Object) & (~ (V__P1 = V__P2)) & (~ (V__P2 = V__P3)) & s__attribute(V__P1,s__Asleep) & s__attribute(V__P2,s__Asleep) & s__instance(V__P1,s__Human) & s__instance(V__P2,s__Human) & s__holdsDuring(V__TIME,(s__located(V__P1,V__X) & s__located(V__P2,V__X)))))' s__DoubleBed s__DoubleBed__t 'A &%DoubleBed is a type of &%Bed that is 1.35m by 2.0m in size' 'full-sized bed' "1.35" s__SingleBed s__SingleBed__t 'A &%SingleBed is a type of &%Bed that is 1m by 2.0m in size' 'twin-sized bed' "1.0" s__BunkBed s__BunkBed__t 'A &%BunkBed is a type of &%Bed has one bed directly above another' 'bunk bed' s__MurphyBed s__MurphyBed__t 'A &%MurphyBed is a type of &%Bed that can be stored vertically inside a wall, closet or cabinet' 'pull-down bed' s__Compartment '(? [V__K] : (s__instance(V__K,s__Process) & s__instance(V__STORAGE,s__Object) & s__instance(V__K,s__Keeping) & s__patient(V__K,V__X) & s__destination(V__K,V__STORAGE) & s__holdsDuring(s__WhenFn(V__K),s__attribute(V__X,s__Vertical))))' s__RollawayBed s__RollawayBed__t 'A &%RollawayBed is a type of &%Bed that is mounted on rollers so that it can be easily moved' 'rollaway bed' s__SofaBed s__SofaBed__t 'A &%SofaBed is a &%Bed that can be kept inside a compartment in a &%Sofa' 'sofa bed' '(? [V__K] : (s__instance(V__K,s__Process) & s__instance(V__STORAGE,s__Object) & s__instance(V__SOFA,s__Object) & s__instance(V__K,s__Keeping) & s__patient(V__K,V__X) & s__destination(V__K,V__STORAGE)))' s__Crib s__Crib__t s__Bed__t 'A &%Crib is a &%Bed for babies' crib '(? [V__BABY] : (s__instance(V__BABY,s__Object) & s__instance(V__BABY,s__HumanBaby) & s__attribute(V__BABY,s__Asleep) & s__located(V__BABY,V__X)))' s__Hammock s__Hammock__t '&%Hammock is a type of &%Bed made of rope or canvas and is suspended between two stationary objects' hammock '(? [V__PROC] : (s__instance(V__PROC,s__Process) & s__instance(V__PROC,s__LyingDown) & s__eventLocated(V__PROC,V__X)))' s__Mattress s__Mattress__t 'A &%Mattress is a &%component of a &%Bed that is a cushion to make it more comfortable' mattress '(? [V__PERSON] : (s__instance(V__PERSON,s__Object) & s__attribute(V__PERSON,s__Asleep) & s__orientation(V__PERSON,V__X,s__On)))' s__BedFrame 'A &%BedFrame is a %&component of a &%Bed that supports the mattress' 'bed frame' s__FourPosterBed s__FourPosterBed__t s__BedFrame__t '&%FourPosterBed is a type of &%BedFrame with a post at each corner to support curtains or a canopy' 'four-poster bed' s__Quadrilateral s__BedAttribute '&%BedAttribute is the class of attributes attached to the type of cushion a &%Bed has' 'bed attribute' s__WaterBed s__BedAttribute__t '&%WaterBed describes how the cushion of a &%Bed is filled with water' 'water bed' s__BedLinen s__BedLinen__t '&%BedLinen is an &%Artifact made of &%Fabric that is used to &%Covering a &%Bed' 'bed linen' '(? [V__COVER,V__BED] : (s__instance(V__COVER,s__Process) & s__instance(V__COVER,s__Covering) & s__patient(V__COVER,V__BED) & s__instance(V__BED,s__Bed) & s__instrument(V__COVER,V__X)))' s__Table s__Table__t 'A piece of &%Furniture with four legs and a flat top. It is used either for eating, paperwork or meetings.' s__Desk s__Desk__t 'A &%Table for a single person which is intended to be used for paperwork.' s__ChestOrCabinet s__ChestOrCabinet__t 'Any piece of &%Furniture which is also a Container, e.g. a chest of drawers, a memory chest, an armoire, etc.' s__Coffin s__Coffin__t 'A &%Container for a &%HumanCorpse.' '(? [V__HC] : (s__instance(V__HC,s__Physical) & s__instance(V__HC,s__HumanCorpse) & s__located(V__HC,V__C)))' s__Compartment__t 'A &%Container which is part of another &%Container, e.g. a drawer, a zippered pouch in a piece of luggage, a compartment in a TV dinner, etc.' s__Mailbox s__Mailbox__t 'A &%Container whose purpose is to receive items that are mailed to the address associated with the &%Mailbox.' '(? [V__M,V__I] : (s__instance(V__M,s__Process) & s__instance(V__M,s__Mailing) & s__patient(V__M,V__I) & s__destination(V__M,V__B)))' s__Screw s__Screw__t 'An &%AttachingDevice which contains a spiral of grooves to hold it in place and which is fastened with a &%Screwdriver.' s__Screwdriver s__Screwdriver__t 'A &%Device that is used to rotate a &%Screw, which by the action of its helical threads is driven into a medium that is softer than the material of the screw itself.' '(? [V__R,V__S] : (s__instance(V__R,s__Process) & s__instance(V__R,s__Rotating) & s__instrument(V__R,V__D) & s__patient(V__R,V__S) & s__instance(V__S,s__Screw)))' s__Hammer s__Hammer__t 'A &%Device that is used to pound &%Nails into a surface, where they become firmly attached.' '(? [V__I,V__N] : (s__instance(V__I,s__Process) & s__instance(V__I,s__Impelling) & s__instrument(V__I,V__H) & s__patient(V__I,V__N) & s__instance(V__N,s__Nail)))' s__Nail s__Nail__t 'An &%AttachingDevice which is a thin piece of metal, with or without a head, that is fastened with a &%Hammer.' s__Tape s__Tape__t 'A thin strip of &%Fabric or &%Paper that is used to attach two things.' s__Anchor s__Anchor__t 'An &%AttachingDevice which is large hook or set of hooks that are used to secure a &%WaterVehicle on the open water.' s__BoatDeck s__BoatDeck__t 'One of the levels of a &%WaterVehicle, e.g. the upper deck and lower deck of small boats with a cabin.' s__Button s__Button__t 'An &%AttachingDevice that is used on &%Clothing.' '(? [V__C] : (s__instance(V__C,s__Object) & s__instance(V__C,s__Clothing) & s__part(V__B,V__C)))' s__Clamp s__Clamp__t 'An &%AttachingDevice which is designed to attach two things together by means of a movable part which can be tightened or loosened.' s__Holder 'A large class of &%Devices whose purpose is to hold something else, i.e. be the &%instrument of a &%Keeping.' s__Saddle s__Saddle__t 'A &%Device which allows a &%Human to ride on a &%Horse.' '(? [V__HUMAN,V__HORSE] : (s__instance(V__HORSE,s__Agent) & s__instance(V__RIDE,s__Carrying) & s__patient(V__RIDE,V__HUMAN) & s__instance(V__HUMAN,s__Human) & s__agent(V__RIDE,V__HORSE) & s__instance(V__HORSE,s__Horse)))' s__HorseRiding s__HorseRiding__t 'Any instance of &%Carrying where the &%Animal is a &%Horse.' s__Horse '(carries ?AGENT ?OBJECT) means that an &%Agent ?AGENT transers an &%OBJECT ?OBJECT from one point to another' carries s__Tray s__Tray__t 'A &%Holder that is designed for &%Food, dishes, and flatware.' s__Dish s__Dish__t 'A &%Holder for &%Food while the &%Food is being eaten.' '(? [V__F,V__E] : (s__instance(V__E,s__Process) & s__instance(V__F,s__Physical) & s__instance(V__E,s__Eating) & s__patient(V__E,V__F) & s__patient(V__E,V__D) & s__instance(V__F,s__FoodForFn(s__Animal)) & s__located(V__F,V__D)))' 'Any &%Holder whose purpose is to contain something else. Note that &%Container is more specific in meaning than &%Holder, because a &%Container must have a &%Hole that is at least partially filled by the thing contained.' '(? [V__OBJ] : (s__instance(V__OBJ,s__Object) & s__contains(V__CONTAINER,V__OBJ)))' s__Bag s__Bag__t 'Any &%Container which is made of &%Fabric.' s__Box s__Box__t 'Any six-sided &%Container whose sides are rectangular in shape.' '(s__top(V__SIDE,V__BOX) | s__bottom(V__SIDE,V__BOX) | s__side(V__SIDE,V__BOX))' s__TrapOrCage s__TrapOrCage__t s__Holder__t 'A &%Device whose purpose is to trap or cage &%Animals, i.e. to be in instrument in an act of &%Confining.' '(? [V__C] : (s__instance(V__C,s__Process) & s__instance(V__C,s__Confining) & s__instrument(V__C,V__T)))' s__Envelope s__Envelope__t 'A sealable &%Container for one or more pieces of paper which is designed to protect the papers while they are transferred to someone.' s__TravelContainer s__TravelContainer__t 'Any &%Container which is intended to be used for carrying clothing, toiletries, and other personal effects that would be needed on a overnight trip.' s__FluidContainer__t s__Container__t 'A &%Container which is used to store &%Fluids, i.e. &%Liquids and &%Gases.' s__Bottle s__Bottle__t 'A &%Container whose top is narrower than its bottom, which has no handle, and which is intended to store &%Liquids.' s__DrinkingCup s__DrinkingCup__t 'An open &%FluidContainer that is intended to serve a &%Beverage to a single person. Note that this class includes both cups with handles and drinking glasses.' s__Beverage s__SwimmingPool s__SwimmingPool__t 'A &%FluidContainer that is filled with &%Water and that is used for &%Swimming.' '(? [V__S] : (s__instance(V__S,s__Process) & s__instance(V__S,s__Swimming) & s__eventLocated(V__S,V__P)))' s__BoardOrBlock s__BoardOrBlock__t 'A piece of material with flat, rectangular sides. Note that boards and blocks are lumped into a single concept, because the difference between these notions cannot be precisely defined.' s__Brick s__Brick__t 'A block of fired &%Clay that is used in &%Constructing.' '(? [V__C] : (s__instance(V__C,s__Process) & s__instance(V__C,s__Constructing) & s__resource(V__C,V__B)))' '(&%tangent ?LINE ?CIRCLE) means that the straight line ?LINE is tangent to the figure ?CIRCLE, i.e. ?LINE touches ?CIRCLE without intersecting it.' s__TwoDimensionalObject__t 'A real-world physical object with a very flat aspect. This includes drawings on paper, cave paintings and other surface alterations.' '(sliceOfFigure ?SLICE ?FIGURE) indicates that ?SLICE is a 2-d section of the 3-d figure ?FIGURE. Or, more formally, ?SLICE is 2-d figure formed by the intersection of a plane with the 3-d figure ?FIGURE.' s__RoundShape 'Any &%ThreeDimensionalFigure that has a single tangent at every point on its surface.' s__Cone s__Cone__t 'The class of &%ThreeDimensionalFigures which are produced by rotating a &%RightTriangle around its &%RightAngle.' s__Cylinder s__Cylinder__t 'The class of &%ThreeDimensionalFigures such that all &%GeometricPoints that make up the &%Cylinder are equidistant from a &%OneDimensionalFigure, known as the axis of the &%Cylinder.' s__ObliqueAngle s__ObliqueAngle__t 'Any &%TwoDimensionalAngle that has an &%angularMeasure that is greater than 90 &%AngularDegrees.' "90" s__RightAngle s__RightAngle__t 'Any &%TwoDimensionalAngle that has the &%angularMeasure of 90 &%AngularDegrees.' s__AcuteAngle s__AcuteAngle__t 'Any &%TwoDimensionalAngle that has an &%angularMeasure that is less than 90 &%AngularDegrees.' s__Polygon s__Polygon__t 'A &%ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure that is composed exclusively of straight lines, i.e. &%OneDimensionalFigures.' s__Triangle 'Any three-sided &%Polygon.' s__RightTriangle s__RightTriangle__t s__Triangle__t 'Any &%Triangle that contains a &%RightAngle.' 'Any four-sided &%Polygon.' s__Rectangle s__Rectangle__t s__Quadrilateral__t 'Any &%Quadrilateral whose angles are all &%RightAngles.' s__Square s__Square__t 'Any &%Rectangle whose sides are all equal.' s__DiameterFn__m '(DiameterFn ?CIRCLE) denotes the length of the diameter of the &%Circle ?CIRCLE.' s__RadiusFn__m '(RadiusFn ?CIRCLE) denotes the length of the radius of the &%Circle ?CIRCLE.' s__CircleSector s__CircleSector__t 'A slice of a &%Circle, i.e. any &%ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure which consists of two Radii and the arc of the &%Circle that they bound.' '(&%sideOfFigure ?SIDE ?FIGURE) means that the &%OneDimensionalFigure ?POINT is a side of the &%GeometricFigure ?FIGURE.' s__Sphere s__Sphere__t 'The class of &%ThreeDimensionalFigures such that all &%GeometricPoints that make up the &%Sphere are equidistant from a single &%GeometricPoint, known as the center of the &%Sphere.' s__Bubble s__Bubble__t 'A globe which has a &%Liquid surface and which contains a &%Gas.' s__Nest s__Nest__t 'Any structure which is created by nonhuman &%Animals for the purpose of giving birth to their offspring.' '(? [V__BIRTH] : (s__instance(V__BIRTH,s__Process) & s__instance(V__BIRTH,s__Birth) & s__eventLocated(V__BIRTH,V__NEST)))' s__OutdoorClothing s__OutdoorClothing__t '&%Clothing that is intended to be worn outdoors.' s__Apron s__Apron__t 'An item of &%Clothing that protects the front and middle part of the body while one is &%Cooking or doing other work.' '(? [V__P,V__C] : (s__instance(V__C,s__Process) & s__instance(V__P,s__Animal) & s__instance(V__C,s__Cooking) & s__agent(V__C,V__P) & s__holdsDuring(s__WhenFn(V__C),s__wears(V__P,V__A))))' s__Belt s__Belt__t 'A piece of &%Clothing that is worn around the waist to restrain another piece of clothing.' s__TieClothing s__TieClothing__t '&%Clothing that is intended to be worn around the &%Neck and knotted at the front.' s__Neck s__Cloak s__Cloak__t 'A piece of &%Clothing that covers the whole body except the face (and possibly entire head), hands, and feet.' s__Collar s__Collar__t 'A piece of &%Clothing that fits around the &%Neck. A &%Collar is always part of a &%Coat or a &%Shirt.' s__Coat s__Shirt s__Glove s__Glove__t 'Clothing that is intended to be worn on the &%Hand. Note that this class covers both gloves which have individual compartments for each of the &%Fingers and mittens.' s__Hand s__Hat s__Hat__t 'A type of &%Clothing that is worn on the &%Head. Note that this class covers caps, bonnets, berets, etc.' s__Head s__Coat__t '&%Clothing that has sleeves and covers from the neck down. &%Coats are intended to be worn outdoors.' s__Trousers s__Trousers__t 'A piece of &%Clothing that covers each &%Leg of a person separately.' s__Leg s__Shoe s__Shoe__t '&%Clothing that is intended to be worn on the &%Foot. It consists of an upper, a sole, and a heel.' s__Foot s__ShoeSole 'The bottom part of a &%Shoe that is intended to be the point of contact with the ground while the shoe is being worn.' s__ShoeSole__t s__Sandal 'Any kind of open shoe lacking a markedly thicker heel. The toe may be enclosed, but there must be some opening in the upper other than the &%Hole through which the foot is inserted.' s__Sandal__t '(? [V__D,V__F,V__A,V__I] : (s__instance(V__I,s__Process) & s__instance(V__A,s__Agent) & s__instance(V__F,s__Object) & s__instance(V__D,s__Process) & s__instance(V__H1,s__Physical) & s__instance(V__D,s__Dressing) & s__instance(V__F,s__Foot) & s__agent(V__D,V__A) & s__part(V__F,V__A) & s__subProcess(V__I,V__D) & s__instance(V__I,s__Inserting) & s__patient(V__I,V__F) & s__destination(V__I,V__H1)))' s__Sock s__Sock__t 'A piece of &%Clothing that is made of a soft &%Fabric like &%Cotton and that is intended to be worn on the &%Foot.' s__Shirt__t 'An item of &%Clothing which covers the upper body of a &%Human.' s__Sleeve s__Sleeve__t 'A piece of &%Clothing that covers the Arm. A &%Sleeve is always part of a &%Coat or a &%Shirt.' s__Arm s__Dress s__Dress__t 'An item of &%Clothing which covers the lower body of a &%Woman.' s__ClothingSuit s__ClothingSuit__t 'A &%Collection of instances of &%Clothing that are designed to be worn together.' s__Rug 'A piece of &%Fabric whose purpose is to cover a &%Floor.' '(? [V__C] : (s__instance(V__C,s__Process) & s__instance(V__C,s__Covering) & s__instrument(V__C,V__R) & s__patient(V__C,V__F) & s__instance(V__F,s__Floor)))' s__Towel 'A piece of &%Fabric which is used for &%Drying.' s__Towel__t '(? [V__D] : (s__instance(V__D,s__Process) & s__instance(V__D,s__Drying) & s__instrument(V__D,V__T)))' s__Leather s__Leather__t 'A &%Fabric that is the result of tanning an &%Animal &%Skin.' s__Skin s__Silk s__Silk__t 'Fabric that is woven from the strands produced by certain &%Larval &%Insects.' s__Wool s__Wool__t '&%Fabric that is made from the &%Hair of &%Sheep.' s__Hair s__Sheep s__Pocket s__Pocket__t 'A pouch of &%Fabric in an instance of &%Clothing where something can be kept.' s__Blanket s__Blanket__t 'A piece of &%Fabric whose purpose is to keep a person who is in bed warm.' '(? [V__HEAT,V__PERSON,V__BED] : (s__instance(V__BED,s__Object) & s__instance(V__PERSON,s__Physical) & s__instance(V__HEAT,s__Process) & s__instance(V__HEAT,s__Heating) & s__patient(V__HEAT,V__PERSON) & s__instance(V__PERSON,s__Human) & s__located(V__PERSON,V__BED) & s__instance(V__BED,s__Bed)))' s__Cotton s__Cotton__t 'Fibers from the cotton plant that are used in &%Making &%CottonFabric.' s__CottonFabric s__CottonFabric__t 'Any &%Fabric that is made entirely out of &%Cotton.' s__Veil 'A piece of &%Clothing intended to cover or obscure the face or hair of a &%Woman. This is commonly worn for religious reasons when in public in &%Muslim countries, but is also customary at &%Weddings and &%Funerals among some non-Muslim women.' s__Veil__t '(? [V__F,V__H] : (s__instance(V__H,s__Object) & s__instance(V__F,s__Object) & ((s__instance(V__F,s__Face) & s__meetsSpatially(V__V,V__F)) | (s__instance(V__H,s__Hair) & s__meetsSpatially(V__V,V__H)))))' s__Concealing s__Concealing__t 'Locating something in such a way that it cannot be seen.' '(~ (? [V__S] : (s__instance(V__S,s__Process) & s__instance(V__S,s__Seeing) & s__patient(V__S,V__OBJ))))' s__Dressing s__Dressing__t 'The &%Process of putting on &%Clothing.' s__ChangingClothing s__ChangingClothing__t 'Any instance of a process of &%RemovingClothing and &%Dressing.' s__RemovingClothing s__RemovingClothing__t 'Removing &%Clothing from a &%Human or &%Animal in such a way that the &%Human or &%Animal no longer wears the &%Clothing.' s__Sweeping s__Sweeping__t 'Removing small particles from the floor by means of a &%Broom.' s__Washing s__Washing__t '&%Removing small particles from something by means of a &%Detergent and &%Water.' s__Detergent s__Tying s__Tying__t 'The &%Process of tying two things, or two strands of the same thing, together.' s__Untying s__Untying__t 'The &%Process of untying two things, or two strands of the same thing.' s__Sewing s__Sewing__t 'Attaching two pieces of &%Fabric or one part of a piece of &%Fabric to another part by means of needle and thread.' s__Soldering s__Soldering__t 'Attaching two things by means of a &%MetallicAlloy.' s__MetallicAlloy 'The relation of receiving medical care from a recognized medical practitioner. (&%patientMedical ?PATIENT ?DOCTOR) means that ?PATIENT is the patient of ?DOCTOR. Note that argument type restriction on the second argument is &%CognitiveAgent to allow for cases where someone is the patient of an &%Organization, viz. a &%CareOrganization.' s__Bandage s__Bandage__t 'A piece of &%Fabric that is used in &%Covering an open wound.' '(? [V__TP,V__C] : (s__instance(V__C,s__Process) & s__instance(V__TP,s__Process) & s__instance(V__TP,s__TherapeuticProcess) & s__instance(V__C,s__Covering) & s__subProcess(V__C,V__TP) & s__instrument(V__C,V__B)))' s__Massaging s__Massaging__t 'A subclass of &%TherapeuticProcess which involves kneading &%Muscles in such a way that tension is relieved, blood circulation is increased, etc.' s__RelievingPain s__RelievingPain__t 'Any &%TherapeuticProcess that removes &%Pain from the patient of the process.' s__NonspecificDisease s__NonspecificDisease__t 'The class of &%DiseaseOrSyndromes that are not caused by a single type of &%Microorganism.' s__BacterialDisease s__InfectiousDisease 'A disease that is caused by instances of &%Bacterium.' 'Any &%DiseaseOrSyndrome that is caused by a &%Microorganism.' s__TakingIll s__TakingIll__t 'Any &%Process where the experiencer contracts a &%DiseaseOrSyndrome.' s__ViralDisease s__ViralDisease__t s__InfectiousDisease__t 'A disease that is caused by instances of &%Virus.' s__Diarrhea 'A &%DiseaseOrSyndrome of frequent, watery bowel movements. Severe cases can be fatal for the young or weak. It is a common cause of death for the very young in poor developing countries.' s__Emphysema 'A &%DiseaseOrSyndrome that affects the &%Lungs and which results in a decrease of breathing ability.' s__Lung s__Fever 'Having a body temperature which is (significantly) greater than 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. This syndrome is often associated with dehydration and chills.' "98.6" s__Goiter 'A &%DiseaseOrSyndrome which is due to an &%Iodine deficiency and which results in an enlarged &%ThyroidGland.' s__ThyroidGland s__Tuberculosis s__BacterialDisease__t 'A &%BacterialDisease caused by the &%Tubercle &%Bacillus that results in lesions on various body parts, especially the &%Lungs.' s__RecoveringFromIllness s__RecoveringFromIllness__t 'Any &%Process where the experiencer recovers from a &%DiseaseOrSyndrome.' s__Protozoa s__Protozoa__t 'Unicellular &%Organisms that are capable of movement and that are found in almost every part of the world. This class includes amoebas, sporozoans, and paramecia.' '(parasite ?ORGANISM1 ?ORGANISM2) means that there is a parasitic relationship between ?ORGANISM1 and ?ORGANISM2, i.e. ?ORGANISM1 inhabits and obtains nourishment from ?ORGANISM2 in such a way that ?ORGANISM2 is injured.' s__Cancer 'A &%DiseaseOrSyndrome characterized by pathologic and uncontrolled cell division that results in a &%Tumor.' s__Tumor s__Neurosis s__Neurosis__t 'Any &%PsychologicalDysfunction which is not due to an organic impairment of the &%NervousSystem.' s__Psychosis s__Psychosis__t 'Any &%PsychologicalDysfunction which is the result of an organic impairment of the &%NervousSystem.' s__Atrophy s__Atrophy__t 'Any decrease in the size of a &%BodyPart which is due to disease or lack of use.' s__Bloating s__Bloating__t 'Any &%Process where the stomach or instestines of a &%Human or &%Animal become distended from excessive gas.' s__Stomach s__ConjugatedSubstance s__ConjugatedSubstance__t 'A &%CompoundSubstance that results from the &%ChemicalSynthesis of two or more &%CompoundSubstances.' '(&%conjugate ?COMPOUND1 ?COMPOUND2) means that ?COMPOUND1 and ?COMPOUND2 are identical &%CompoundSubstances except that one has one more &%Proton than the other.' s__Biting s__Biting__t 'Any instance of &%Grabbing where the &%instrument is the &%Mouth of the &%agent.' s__Mouth s__Strangling s__Strangling__t 'Any instance of &%Grabbing where the patient is someone elses throat and the intention is to make it impossible for the other person to breathe.' s__Throat '(~ (? [V__B] : (s__instance(V__B,s__Process) & s__instance(V__B,s__Breathing) & s__agent(V__B,V__V))))' s__Spitting s__Spitting__t 'Any instance of &%Impelling where the &%origin is the &%Mouth of the &%agent.' s__Punching s__Punching__t 'Any instance of &%Impelling where the instrument is a &%Fist of the agent.' s__Fist s__Kicking s__Kicking__t 'Any instance of &%Impelling where the &%instrument is a &%Foot of the &%agent.' s__Mailing__t 'Any instance of &%Transfer where a postal system is used to move the &%patient, either a letter or a package.' s__Messaging s__Messaging__t 'Any instance of &%Transfer where a &%Message is the patient.' s__Message '(&%neighbor ?PERSON1 ?PERSON2) means that ?PERSON1 is a neighbor of ?PERSON2, i.e. ?PERSON1 and ?PERSON2 have their &%homes &%Near one another.' '(&%capacity ?OBJ ?QUANTITY) means that ?OBJ can contain something that has the &%measure of ?QUANTITY. This predicate denotes maximal capacity, i.e. ?OBJ can hold no more than ?QUANTITY. Note, however, that this does not mean that &%capacity is a &%SingleValuedRelation, since an object may have various maximal capacities across different dimensions, e.g. a particular box may have a &%capacity of 3 pounds and a &%capacity of 1 liter.' '(&%humanCapacity ?CONSTRUCT ?NUMBER) means that the &%StationaryArtifact ?CONSTRUCT, e.g. a &%Building or a &%Room, can hold a maximum of ?NUMBER &%Humans without crowding.' s__LastFn__m '(&%LastFn ?LIST) returns the last item in the &%List ?LIST. For example, (&%LastFn (&%ListFn &%Monday &%Tuesday &%Wednesday)) would return the value of &%Wednesday.' s__FirstFn__m '(&%FirstFn ?LIST) returns the first item in the &%List ?LIST. For example, (&%FirstFn (&%ListFn &%Monday &%Tuesday &%Wednesday)) would return the value of &%Monday.' s__StreetAddressFn__m '(&%StreetAddressFn ?BUILDING ?ROAD ?CITY ?COUNTRY) returns the &%Agent, e.g. a family, an organization, a person, etc. that resides or conducts business at the corresponding &%postContactSite.' s__ArtStudio s__Workshop s__ArtStudio__t 'A &%Workshop, which is devoted to the creation of &%ArtWorks.' '(? [V__MAKE,V__WORK] : (s__instance(V__MAKE,s__Process) & s__instance(V__MAKE,s__Making) & s__result(V__MAKE,V__WORK) & s__instance(V__WORK,s__ArtWork)))' s__Mine s__Mine__t 'An construction in the earth from which &%Minerals are removed, either in pure form or as part of ores.' '(? [V__REMOVE,V__MINERAL] : (s__instance(V__REMOVE,s__Process) & s__instance(V__REMOVE,s__Removing) & s__patient(V__REMOVE,V__MINERAL) & s__instance(V__MINERAL,s__Mineral) & s__origin(V__REMOVE,V__MINE)))' s__MobileResidence 'Anything which serves to house people but which changes its location from time to time, e.g. a motorhome, a mobile home, a camp, etc. Note that &%MobileResidence is disjoint from &%Residence, because the latter is a subclass of &%StationaryArtifact.' s__Prison s__Prison__t 'An installation which is owned and maintained by a &%Government for the purpose of &%Confining people. This class covers jails, federal prisons, concentration camps, gulags, etc.' '(? [V__C,V__H,V__G] : (s__instance(V__G,s__Agent) & s__instance(V__C,s__Process) & s__instance(V__C,s__Confining) & s__eventLocated(V__C,V__P) & s__patient(V__C,V__H) & s__instance(V__H,s__Human) & s__agent(V__C,V__G) & s__instance(V__G,s__Government)))' '(detainee ?EVENT ?OBJECT) means that in the Confining ?EVENT, the Object ?OBJECT is restrained by force, threat, or other form of intimidation.' 'This relation identifies the &%patient in the event that is the object of the attack.' s__VotingPoll s__VotingPoll__t 'A structure where Voting for an &%Election takes place.' s__Camp s__Camp__t 'A &%MobileResidence consisting of tents and other temporary living quarters that is constructed on an undeveloped &%LandArea.' s__Tent s__Tent__t s__MobileResidence__t 'A &%MobileResidence that is made of &%Fabric and poles and can be easily assembled and disassembled.' s__Monument s__Monument__t 'A &%StationaryArtifact whose purpose is to commemorate a person, animal or event.' '(? [V__R] : (s__instance(V__R,s__Process) & s__instance(V__R,s__Remembering) & s__instrument(V__R,V__M)))' s__Tomb s__Tomb__t 'A &%StationaryArtifact which is meant to contain someone who is &%Dead.' '(? [V__P] : (s__instance(V__P,s__Object) & s__attribute(V__P,s__Dead) & s__contains(V__T,V__P)))' s__Workshop__t 'A &%Room, suite of &%Rooms or &%Building which is devoted to hand-crafting &%Artifacts.' '(? [V__M] : (s__instance(V__M,s__Process) & s__instance(V__M,s__Making) & s__result(V__M,V__W) & s__instance(V__W,s__Artifact)))' s__ApartmentUnit s__ApartmentUnit__t 'A &%SingleFamilyResidence that is not owned by any member of the &%SocialUnit that lives there.' s__ApartmentBuilding '(landlord ?PERSON ?UNIT) means that ?PERSON is a landlord of the &%Residence ?UNIT, i.e. he or she owns ?UNIT and is renting the unit to someone else.' s__Renting '(tenant ?PERSON ?UNIT) means that ?PERSON is a tenant of the &%Residence ?UNIT, i.e. he or she is renting the unit.' s__CondominiumUnit s__CondominiumUnit__t 'A &%SingleFamilyResidence that may be owned by a member of the &%SocialUnit that lives there.' s__CondominiumBuilding s__ApartmentBuilding__t 'A &%ResidentialBuilding containing &%ApartmentUnits.' s__CondominiumBuilding__t 'A &%ResidentialBuilding containing &%CondominiumUnits.' s__Dormitory s__Dormitory__t 'A &%TemporaryResidence which is owned by a &%School and which is used to house students while they take classes at the &%School.' s__School s__AnimalResidence s__AnimalResidence__t 'An &%Artifact which is intended to house &%Animals and not &%Humans. Note that an &%AnimalResidence may or may not be a &%StationaryArtifact, e.g. a horse stall is stationary while a doghouse generally is not.' '(? [V__ANIMAL] : (s__instance(V__ANIMAL,s__Organism) & s__instance(V__ANIMAL,s__Animal) & (~ s__instance(V__ANIMAL,s__Human)) & s__inhabits(V__ANIMAL,V__RESIDENCE)))' s__SportsFacility s__SportsFacility__t 'A specially designated and maintained facility where &%Sports are played. Note that this covers sports fields, stadiums, and gymnasiums.' '(? [V__S] : (s__instance(V__S,s__Process) & s__instance(V__S,s__Sport) & s__eventLocated(V__S,V__G)))' s__SportsLeague s__SportsLeague__t 'An &%Organization whose members are &%SportsTeams and whose purpose is to set up games between its members.' s__SportsTeam s__PlaceOfCommerce s__CommercialBuilding s__CommercialUnit 'A &%Building or part of a &%Building which is intended for organizational activities, e.g. retail or wholesale selling, manufacturing, office work, etc.' 'A &%Building which is intended for organizational activities, e.g. retail or wholesale selling, manufacturing, office work, etc.' s__Warehouse s__Warehouse__t s__CommercialBuilding__t 'A very large &%CommercialBuilding whose purpose is to store commodities.' '(? [V__K,V__P] : (s__instance(V__K,s__Process) & s__instance(V__K,s__Keeping) & s__patient(V__K,V__P) & s__instance(V__P,s__Product) & s__eventLocated(V__K,V__B)))' s__CommercialUnit__t s__PlaceOfCommerce__t 'A &%Room or suite of &%Rooms intended for clerical and/or professional work of a single &%Organization.' s__Store s__Store__t 'A &%Building that has the purpose of housing &%FinancialTransactions.' '(? [V__EV] : (s__instance(V__EV,s__Process) & s__instance(V__EV,s__FinancialTransaction) & s__eventLocated(V__EV,V__X)))' s__FarmBuilding s__FarmBuilding__t 'A &%Building on a &%Farm that is used for keeping &%DomesticAnimals, &%Fodder or harvested crops.' s__Farm s__Agency s__Agency__t 'A &%CommercialAgent whose customers are all other &%CommercialAgents, e.g. staffing agencies, food-service providers, etc.' s__EntertainmentCompany s__EntertainmentCompany__t 'Any business whose services include &%Performances. This class covers nightclubs, commercial live theaters, and comedy clubs.' s__Performance s__FinancialCompany 'The class &%FinancialCompany includes, as subclasses, &%FinancialBank, &%CreditUnion and &%SavingsAndLoan.' s__SavingsAndLoan s__SavingsAndLoan__t s__FinancialCompany__t 'A federally or state chartered &%FinancialCompany that takes &%Deposits from individuals, funds &%Mortgages, and pays &%Dividends.' '(insured ?Contract ?Org) means that ?Contract is insured by the ?Organization.' s__Contract s__InsuranceCompany s__InsuranceCompany__t 'A &%CommercialAgent that insures &%Agents for the payment of a premium or premiums.' s__TransportationCompany s__TransportationCompany__t 'A &%CommercialAgent whose services include &%Transportation, e.g. a &%RailroadCompany, an airline, a cruise ship line, etc.' s__FinancialService s__FinancialService__t '&%Services performed by a &%FinancialCompany.' 'The amount by which the cost of an investment or business operation exceeds its return, i.e. the negative quantity left after subtracting for all expenses.' s__Financing s__Financing__t 'Any &%Funding which is provided by a &%FinancialCompany with the aim of making a profit on the money invested.' s__Partnership 'A &%CommercialAgent that is owned by more than one person.' s__Scholarship s__Scholarship__t 'Any &%Funding which is made on the basis of merit and whose purpose is to allow the destination to realize an &%EducationalProgram.' '(? [V__EP,V__P] : (s__instance(V__P,s__Process) & s__instance(V__EP,s__Proposition) & s__instance(V__EP,s__EducationalProgram) & s__realization(V__P,V__EP) & s__experiencer(V__P,V__H)))' s__Welfare s__Welfare__t 'Any &%Funding which is provided by a &%ServiceOrganization to people in need.' s__ServiceOrganization s__Publisher s__Publisher__t 'Any business whose services include the &%Publication of &%Texts.' s__FamilyBusiness s__FamilyBusiness__t s__Partnership__t 'A &%Partnership that is owned by a single family.' s__Restaurant 'Any &%CommercialAgent whose services include selling Food to customers which is intended to be eaten on the premises.' s__RestaurantBuilding s__DiningArea s__Proprietorship s__Proprietorship__t 'A &%CommercialAgent that is owned by a single person.' s__Auditorium s__Auditorium__t 'Any &%Building whose purpose is to hold concerts, sports events, plays, etc. before an audience. This class includes theaters, sports stadiums, university auditoriums, etc.' '(? [V__DEMO] : (s__instance(V__DEMO,s__Process) & s__instance(V__DEMO,s__Demonstrating) & s__eventLocated(V__DEMO,V__AUDITORIUM)))' s__PerformanceStage s__AuditoriumSeat s__AuditoriumSeat__t 'A &%Seat within an &%Auditorium from which one can observe the &%PerformanceStage.' '(&%enjoys ?AGENT ?PROCESS) means that the &%CognitiveAgent ?AGENT tends to enjoy actions of type ?PROCESS, i.e. tends to enjoy being the &%agent or &%experiencer of such actions.' '(? [V__INSTANCE] : (s__instance(V__INSTANCE,s__Process) & s__instance(V__INSTANCE,V__PROCESS) & (s__agent(V__INSTANCE,V__AGENT) | s__experiencer(V__INSTANCE,V__AGENT))))' '(&%holdsDuring ?T1 (&%expects ?AGENT ?BELIEF)) means (and (&%holdDuring ?T1 (&%believes ?AGENT (&%holdsDuring ?T2 ?BELIEF))) (&%earlier ?T1 ?T2)).' '(&%fears ?AGENT ?FORMULA) means that ?AGENT fears that the proposition ?FORMULA will be true, i.e. he/she believes that it will come to pass in the future and that it will be undesirable for ?AGENT.' '(&%hopes ?AGENT ?FORMULA) means that ?AGENT hopes that the proposition ?FORMULA will be true, i.e. he/she believes that it will come to pass in the future and that it will be desirable for ?AGENT.' '(&%doubts ?AGENT ?FORMULA) means that ?AGENT is unsure about the truth of ?FORMULA, in particular ?AGENT does not believe that ?FORMULA is true.' '(&%dislikes ?AGENT ?OBJECT) means that ?AGENT has a feeling of antipathy to ?OBJECT, i.e. ?AGENT believes that ?OBJECT will thwart one of his/her goals. Note that there is no implication that what is hated by an agent is not already possessed by the agent.' '(~ s__possesses(V__AGENT,V__OBJECT))' '(&%disapproves ?AGENT ?FORMULA) means that ?AGENT has a feeling of antipathy to the state of affairs represented by ?FORMULA, i.e. ?AGENT believes that the realization of ?FORMULA will thwart one of his/her goals. Note that there is no implication that what is disapproved of by an agent is not already true.' '(&%lacks ?AGENT ?OBJECT) means that ?AGENT &%needs ?OBJECT and it is not currently the case that ?AGENT &%possesses ?OBJECT.' s__DescendantsFn__m '(&%DescendantsFn ?PERSON) denotes all and only the descendants of ?PERSON, i.e. the &%Group consisting of ?OFFSPRING who satisfy the following formula: (&%ancestor ?OFFSPRING ?PERSON).' s__GroupOfAnimals s__GroupOfAnimals__t 'Any &%Group which contains exclusively non-human &%members.' s__Brood s__Brood__t 'A &%GroupOfAnimals that are all born at the same time and to the same parents.' s__AnimalTeam s__AnimalTeam__t 'A &%GroupOfAnimals which are &%Pulling something.' s__SportsTeam__t 'A &%GroupOfPeople who habitually play a &%Sport together, either as an occupation or as a leisure activity.' s__TeamSport s__TeamSport__t 'Any &%Sport which is played by &%SportsTeams, e.g. &%Baseball and &%Football.' s__Racing s__Racing__t 'A sport which involves a contest of speed between the participants. Note that this covers a variety of things, including auto racing, running competitions, etc.' 'A &%subrelation of &%member, &%groupMember is used to relate a &%Human to a &%GroupOfPeople of which he/she is a &%member.' '(headquartersOfOrganization ?ORG ?AREA) means that the &%Organization ?ORG is headquartered in ?AREA.' s__CommunicationOrganization s__CommunicationOrganization__t '&%CommunicationOrganization is the subclass of &%Organizations that manage &%Communications over physical infrastructure owned or leased by the organization. Such organizations may also produce and disseminate information, entertainment, or other content. Also see &%MediaOrganization.' s__CommunicationSystem s__MediaOrganization s__MediaOrganization__t '&%MediaOrganization is the subclass of &%Organization for groups whose primary purpose is the production or dissemination of media content. For organizations that physically enable &%Communication, see &%CommunicationOrganization.' 'The positive gain from an investment or business operation after subtracting for all expenses.' s__NonprofitOrganization s__NonprofitOrganization__t 'Any &%Organization whose purpose is something other than making a profit.' '(? [V__P] : (s__instance(V__P,s__CurrencyMeasure) & s__profit(V__N,V__P)))' s__CommunicationSystem__t '&%CommunicationSystem is a complex system with various components, enabling communication (in some medium) between points in a specific area, whether local or worldwide.' s__CareOrganization__t s__HospitalOrganization s__MedicalClinic 'Any &%Organization whose purpose is to provide medical care for for &%Humans who reside there, either permanently or temporarily.' 'A relation between a &%Human and a &%CareOrganization that treats the patient.' '(? [V__PATIENT] : (s__instance(V__PATIENT,s__Human) & s__medicalPatient(V__PATIENT,V__ORG)))' s__HospitalOrganization__t 'A &%CareOrganization where patients reside for a short period of time while they undergo treatment for a disease or disorder.' s__HospitalBuilding s__HospitalBuilding__t 'A &%Building that serves at the place of business for a &%HospitalOrganization.' s__MedicalClinic__t 'A &%CareOrganization which provides medical care on an out-patient basis only, i.e. there are no rooms where patients may take up residence for a period of time while they receive care.' s__MedicalClinicBuilding s__MedicalClinicBuilding__t s__Cafeteria s__Cafeteria__t 'Any &%Restaurant which does not offer table service. Food is selected and purchased at a central counter.' s__ServicePosition s__Tavern s__Tavern__t s__Restaurant__t 'A &%Restaurant whose primary service is selling &%AlcoholicBeverages to customers.' s__AlcoholicBeverage s__Shipping__t 'Shipping is the subclass of &%Transportation events in which goods are transported from one place to another by an agent who is entrusted with the goods temporarily just in order to move them. Shipping may be done within an organization or it may be done by an outside commercial agent. See &%CommercialShipping.' s__CommercialShipping s__CommercialShipping__t '&%CommercialShipping is the subclass of &%Transportation events in which a commercial agent provides transportation of goods for remuneration.' s__Smuggling s__Smuggling__t s__CriminalAction 'Any instance &%Transportation which is also a &%CriminalAction.' 'A very general relation that exists whenever there is a &%FinancialTransaction between the two &%Agents such that the first is the &%destination of the &%FinancialTransaction and the second is the &%agent.' s__price__m '(&%price ?Obj ?Money ?Agent) means that ?Agent pays the amount of money ?Money for ?Obj.' s__WholesaleStore s__WholesaleStore__t 'A &%MercantileOrganization that sells its goods exclusively to &%CommercialAgents, typically for resale, rather than to end-point consumers.' s__RetailStore s__RetailStore__t 'A &%RetailStore is a &%MercantileOrganization that sells goods to customers who are end-point consumers, rather than to &%CommercialAgents who are buying the goods in order to resell them at a higher price. This distinguishes retail stores from wholesale establishments, where the purchasers are businesses or their representatives, as well as mail order or office buildings where transactions are facillitated but the consumer does not take possession of the item on the premises. More succinctly, &%RetailStore is the complement of &%WholesaleStore, which is the class of &%MercantileOrganizations that sell goods to the general public.' s__ShoppingMall s__ShoppingMall__t 'A &%MercantileOrganization which is a collection of various shops gathered together in a single, modern development.' s__DrugStore s__DrugStore__t 'A &%RetailStore that sells &%Medicine, and perhaps other items as well.' s__Medicine s__GroceryStore s__GroceryStore__t 'A &%RetailStore that sells Food, and perhaps other items as well.' s__OfferingForSale s__OfferingForSale__t '&%Offering to sell something to someone.' '(? [V__SELL,V__OBJ] : (s__instance(V__SELL,s__Process) & s__instance(V__SELL,s__Selling) & s__patient(V__SELL,V__OBJ) & s__agent(V__SELL,V__AGENT)))' s__OfferingToPurchase s__OfferingToPurchase__t '&%Offering to buy something from someone.' s__BargainSale s__BargainSale__t '&%Offering to sell something to someone at a reduced price.' s__ChristianBible s__Book s__ChristianBible__t s__NewTestament s__OldTestament 'Any instance of the collection of writings which is regarded as scripture by those who embrace &%Christianity.' s__ChristianGospel s__ChristianGospel__t 'Four books in the New Testament of the &%ChristianBible that describe the life and teachings of Jesus Christ and that are referred to, respectively, as Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.' s__OldTestament__t 'The first part of the &%ChristianBible, describing the history of the Hebrew people.' s__NewTestament__t s__Book__t 'The second and final part of the &%ChristianBible, describing the life and teachings of Jesus Christ and the activities of his apostles.' s__BeforeCommonEra 'The &%TimeInterval that runs from &%NegativeInfinity to the time of the birth of Christ.' s__CommonEra 'The &%TimeInterval that runs from the supposed time of the death of Christ to &%PositiveInfinity.' s__MissionOrganization s__MissionOrganization__t 'The class of &%ReligiousOrganizations that send members to foreign countries with the aim of coverting citizens of those countries to the beliefs of the &%ReligiousOrganization.' s__ReligiousBuilding s__ReligiousBuilding__t s__PlaceOfWorship 'A &%Building which is intended to be used for religious worship. This class covers churches, temples, religious shrines, etc.' s__Steeple s__Steeple__t 'A component of a &%ReligiousBuilding that is tall and narrow and symbolizes the connection between humanity and a deity.' s__Ceremony 'An &%instance of &%Ceremony is a relatively stylized, highly conventional &%SocialInteraction, typically guided or controlled by officials or professionals, to commemorate or mark some transformative event, such as a &%Wedding or a &%Baptizing.' s__Wedding s__Wedding__t 'Any &%Declaring that leads to one person being the &%spouse of another.' s__ReligiousService s__ReligiousService__t 'A formal process of public worship which is typically carried out in a church, temple or other sanctified building and which typically accords with a prescribed set of rules.' s__Baptizing s__Baptizing__t 'A &%ReligiousProcess which marks the acceptance of the person being baptized into the &%ReligiousOrganization.' s__Praying s__Praying__t 'A formal or informal process of private worship which may or may not be carried out in a &%ReligiousBuilding.' s__ReferenceText s__ReferenceText__t 'A &%Text which is not intended to be read from beginning to end, but which is meant to be consulted to answer specific factual questions, e.g. about the meaning of a word, the location of a country, etc.' s__IndependentState s__IndependentState__t '&%IndependentState is a subclass of &%GeopoliticalArea, representing the classification Independent State used by the CIA World Fact Book. Cf. &%DependencyOrSpecialSovereigntyArea.' s__DependencyOrSpecialSovereigntyArea s__OverseasArea s__OverseasArea__t s__DependencyOrSpecialSovereigntyArea__t '&%DependencyOrSpecialSovereigntyArea is a subclass of &%GeopoliticalArea, representing the classification Dependency or Special Sovereignty Area used by the CIA World Fact Book. Cf. &%IndependentState.' s__ResidentFn__m '(&%ResidentFn ?AREA) denotes the &%GroupOfPeople who have their &%home in ?AREA.' s__CitizenryFn__m '(&%CitizenryFn ?AREA) denotes the &%GroupOfPeople who are legal and permanent residents of the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA.' s__PerCapitaFn__m '(&%PerCapitaFn ?AREA ?QUANTITY) denotes the average amount of ?QUANTITY possessed by a resident of &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA.' s__CityDistrict 'Any &%geopoliticalSubdivision of a &%City.' s__Downtown s__Downtown__t s__CityDistrict__t 'The commercial center of a &%City. The part of the &%City that contains more shops and offices than any other part.' s__Cemetery s__Cemetery__t 'A &%LandArea which is used for burying the dead.' s__Park s__Park__t 'A publicly owned &%LandArea which is intended to be used for recreation and/or exercise.' '(? [V__REC] : (s__instance(V__REC,s__Process) & s__instance(V__REC,s__RecreationOrExercise) & s__eventLocated(V__REC,V__PARK)))' s__PublicPark s__PublicPark__t 'A &%Park that is publicly owned, i.e. owned by a &%Government.' s__CultivatedLandArea s__CultivatedLandArea__t 'A &%LandArea which is dedicated to &%Agriculture, e.g. &%Lawns, gardens, and fields for growing crops.' s__Agriculture s__Campground s__Campground__t 'A &%LandArea whose purpose is to have &%MobileResidences (e.g. recreational vehicles, mobile homes, &%Tents, etc.) located there.' '(? [V__R] : (s__instance(V__R,s__Physical) & s__instance(V__R,s__MobileResidence) & s__located(V__R,V__C)))' s__CityBlock s__CityBlock__t 'A square-shaped area surrounded by &%Roadways which is part of a &%City and typically contains &%Buildings.' s__AerobicExerciseDevice s__AerobicExerciseDevice__t s__RecreationOrExerciseDevice__t 'An &%RecreationOrExerciseDevice whose purpose is to develop the cardiovascular system.' s__AnaerobicExerciseDevice s__AnaerobicExerciseDevice__t 'An &%RecreationOrExerciseDevice whose purpose is to develop &%Muscles without also developing the cardiovascular system.' s__SkilledOccupation s__OccupationalRole 'Any &%Position which requires learning a set of skills.' s__ManualLabor 'Any &%Position which involves manual work.' s__UnskilledOccupation s__UnskilledOccupation__t 'Any &%Position which does not require learning a set of skills.' s__OccupationalTrade s__ManualLabor__t 'Any &%Position that involves skilled manual work.' s__Profession s__SkilledOccupation__t 'Any occupation that requires at least a bachelors degree.' s__GovernmentSecretary 'This &%Position &%Attribute describes a person who is head of an adminstrative department of &%Government.' s__GovernmentPosition s__SecretaryOfTheInterior 'This &%Position &%Attribute describes the head of the &%UnitedStatesDepartmentOfInterior.' s__SecretaryOfTheTreasury 'This &%Position &%Attribute describes the head of the United States Treasury Department.' s__StateGovernment s__StateGovernment__t 'The class of &%Governments whose jurisdictions are &%StateOrProvinces.' s__CityGovernment s__CityGovernment__t '&%CityGovernment is the class of governments of &%Cities.' s__MilitaryService 'A branch of the armed forces of a &%Nation. For example, there are five military services in the United States, the army, the navy, the air force, the marines, and the coast guard.' s__CoastGuard s__CoastGuard__t '&%CoastGuard is the subclass of &%GovernmentOrganizations that enforce the maritime laws of a &%Nation and guard its &%Seacoast. This may be a military or quasi-military organization.' s__Army s__Army__t s__MilitaryService__t '&%MilitaryServices that are land forces.' s__AirForce s__AirForce__t '&%AirForce is the subclass of &%MilitaryService that comprises military air forces.' s__MilitaryUnit__t 'Any &%MilitaryOrganization that can be dispatched to an area of operations.' s__MilitaryReserveForce s__MilitaryReserveForce__t '&%MilitaryReserveForce is the subclass of &%MilitaryOrganizations that consist of forces trained in military procedures and activities, which are subject to being called to active duty if needed.' s__MilitarySquad s__MilitarySquad__t 'Any &%MilitaryUnit with the rank of squad.' s__MilitaryCorps s__MilitaryCorps__t 'Any &%MilitaryUnit with the rank of corps.' s__CavalryUnit s__CavalryUnit__t '&%MilitaryUnits composed primarily of &%Soldiers who are mounted, i.e. who perform their combat missions from a &%Horse or &%Vehicle.' s__Soldier s__MilitarySurplus s__MilitaryArtifact s__MilitarySurplus__t 'Any &%MilitaryArtifact which is sold to a non-military customer.' '(hostileForces ?UNIT1 ?UNIT2) means that the &%MilitaryUnits ?UNIT1 and ?UNIT2 are, respectively, allied with &%GeopoliticalAreas that are at war with one another.' s__Commission s__Commission__t 'A small, temporary &%Organization whose purpose is to investigate some issue.' '(? [V__INVESTIGATE,V__ISSUE] : (s__instance(V__INVESTIGATE,s__Process) & s__instance(V__INVESTIGATE,s__Investigating) & s__patient(V__INVESTIGATE,V__ISSUE) & s__agent(V__INVESTIGATE,V__COMMISSION)))' s__ServiceOrganization__t 'An &%Organization that performs a public service and is regulated by the &%Government.' s__Library s__Library__t 'An &%EducationalOrganization which is a repository of &%Texts which have been classified for efficient retrieval.' s__PublicLibrary s__PublicLibrary__t 'A &%Library which is financed by taxes and which is open to everyone.' s__Museum s__Museum__t 'An &%EducationalOrganization where &%Artifacts of historic, scientific or aesthetic value are collected and exhibited.' s__OrganizationalBoard s__OrganizationalBoard__t 'Part of an &%Organization that is responsible for managing the &%Organization.' s__SecurityUnit s__SecurityUnit__t 'The &%Organization that is charged with ensuring the security of members of the overall &%Organization and the property of the &%Organization.' '(? [V__MAINTAIN] : (s__instance(V__MAINTAIN,s__Process) & s__instance(V__MAINTAIN,s__Maintaining) & s__agent(V__MAINTAIN,V__UNIT) & s__patient(V__MAINTAIN,V__ORG)))' s__UnionOrganization s__UnionOrganization__t 'An &%Organization comprised of workers from the same &%Corporation or &%Industry. The purpose of the &%UnionOrganization is to strengthen its representation in bargaining with the &%Corporation or &%Industry.' s__Industry 'Any &%CompoundSubstance that has a &%Carbon base.' s__Carbon s__Urea s__Urea__t 'Urea is a dry, soluble, nitrogenous substance that is the major solid component of the urine of mammals, and which may be synthesized from ammonia and carbon dioxide, it is useful in the production of &%Plastic and in &%Fertilizers.' s__Steroid 'A class of &%OrganicCompounds having the same basic chemical structure and having significant physiological effects.' s__Hydrocarbon s__Hydrocarbon__t 'Any &%OrganicCompound that contains only &%Carbon and &%Hydrogen.' s__Hydrogen s__Alcohol s__Alcohol__t s__OrganicCompound__t '&%OrganicCompounds that are produced from hydrocarbons by distillation.' s__Alkaloid s__ChemicalBase s__Alkaloid__t s__ChemicalBase__t 'A &%ChemicalBase found in &%Plants that has physiological and psychological effects.' s__Nitrogen s__Drugged s__Sober 'The &%ConsciousnessAttribute of someone whose motor and/or cognitive faculties are significantly impaired by a &%BiologicallyActiveSubstance.' s__Drunk 'The &%ConsciousnessAttribute of someone whose motor and cognitive faculties are significantly impaired by &%Alcohol.' s__AminoAcid s__ChemicalAcid s__AminoAcid__t s__ChemicalAcid__t 'Organic acids that are the building blocks of &%Proteins.' s__Cholesterol s__Cholesterol__t s__Steroid__t 'A &%Steroid that is produced by the &%Liver and that is believed to be closely associated with various cardiological disorders.' s__Liver 'A bitter &%CompoundSubstance that is capable of reacting with a &%ChemicalBase and forming a &%ChemicalSalt.' s__ChemicalSalt 'A &%CompoundSubstance that is capable of reacting with a &%ChemicalAcid and forming a &%ChemicalSalt.' 'A bitter &%CompoundSubstance that is formed in a chemical reaction of a &%ChemicalBase with a &%ChemicalAcid.' s__SodiumChloride s__SodiumChloride__t s__ChemicalSalt__t salt 'NaCl' '&%SodiumChloride is the compound of &%Sodium and &%Chloride, which may appear in crystalline form or in solution with water or other substances. It is a compound found in solution in significant quantities in sea water.' s__Sodium s__Chlorine s__Diamond s__Diamond__t 'Crystalline &%Carbon that is valued as a gem and used in industrial applications.' s__SalineSolution s__SalineSolution__t 'A &%Solution consisting of &%SodiumChloride and &%Water.' s__Oxygen '(reactant ?PROCESS ?SUBSTANCE) means that ?SUBSTANCE is a chemical reactant in the chemical reaction ?PROCESS, i.e. ?SUBSTANCE is present at the beginning of the chemical reaction ?PROCESS.' '(reagent ?PROCESS ?SUBSTANCE) means that ?SUBSTANCE is a chemical agent in the chemical reaction ?PROCESS.' s__Oil__t 'A greasy, viscous &%Solution that cannot be mixed with &%Water. Note that this general class covers petroleum oil, vegetable oil, animal fat, etc.' s__Surfactant s__Surfactant__t 'Surfactants, also known as &%Wetting agents, lower the surface tension of a &%Liquid, allowing easier spreading. The term surfactant is a compression of Surface active agent. Surfactants are usually organic compounds that contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups, and are thus semi-soluble in both organic and aqueous solvents.' s__Detergent__t 'A detergent is a compound, or a mixture of compounds, whose molecules have two distinct regions: one that is hydrophilic, and dissolves easily in water, and another region that is hydrophobic, with little (if any) affinity for water. As a consequence, these compounds can aid in the solubilization of hydrophobic compounds in water, and usually are optimized for this property. Though &%Soap also has these properties, soaps in general are not considered detergents. &%Soap is a particular type of surfactant that is derived from oils and fats. They are created through the saponification process whereby the ester linkage in a vegetable oil or fat is hydrolytically cleaved, creating a sodium or potassium salt of a fatty acid (i.e. soap). Both detergents and soaps are considered to be surfactants. &%Surfactants that are not soaps are considered to be detergents. Detergents are also commonly known as any cleaning mixture containing surfactants. (from Wikipedia)' '(? [V__REMOVE,V__SUBSTANCE,V__SURFACE,V__OBJECT] : (s__instance(V__OBJECT,s__SelfConnectedObject) & s__instance(V__SURFACE,s__SelfConnectedObject) & s__instance(V__REMOVE,s__Process) & s__instance(V__REMOVE,s__Removing) & s__instance(V__SUBSTANCE,s__Substance) & s__patient(V__REMOVE,V__SUBSTANCE) & s__origin(V__REMOVE,V__SURFACE) & s__surface(V__SURFACE,V__OBJECT)))' s__Bathing s__Bathing__t '&%Washing the entire body of a &%Human or &%Animal.' 'A &%WashingDevice which is intended to be used by Humans for washing their bodies. Note that this class covers bathtubs, showers, etc.' '(? [V__B,V__P] : (s__instance(V__B,s__Process) & s__instance(V__B,s__Bathing) & s__instrument(V__B,V__BD) & s__patient(V__B,V__PERSON) & s__instance(V__P,s__Human)))' s__WashBasin s__WashBasin__t 'A &%WashingDevice which is intended to be used by &%Humans for washing their &%Hands.' '(? [V__W,V__H] : (s__instance(V__W,s__Process) & s__instance(V__W,s__Washing) & s__instrument(V__W,V__B) & s__patient(V__W,V__H) & s__instance(V__H,s__Hand)))' s__Glue s__Glue__t 'Any &%Mixture whose purpose is to be used as the &%instrument of &%Attaching one thing to another.' '(? [V__ATTACH] : (s__instance(V__ATTACH,s__Process) & s__instance(V__ATTACH,s__Attaching) & s__instrument(V__ATTACH,V__GLUE)))' s__Glass s__Glass__t 'A transparent or translucent &%Mixture of silicates.' 'A &%Mixture of two or more &%Metals, and possibly nonmetallic elements as well. For example, steel is an alloy containing iron and manganese.' s__Steel s__Steel__t 'A &%MetallicAlloy made from &%Iron and other elements.' s__Iron s__Brass s__Brass__t s__MetallicAlloy__t 'A &%MetallicAlloy made from &%Copper and &%Zinc.' s__Copper s__Zinc s__Powder 'Any &%Solid &%Substance which consists of loose, identical, and very small particles.' s__Fallout s__Fallout__t 'Radioactive powder that is typically dispersed by the explosion of a nuclear weapon.' s__Fog s__Fog__t 'Any &%WaterCloud that is in contact with the ground.' s__Ice s__Ice__t '&%Water that has the &%PhysicalState of &%Solid.' s__Field 'A &%LandArea that has been cleared of &%BotanicalTrees. Note that a &%Field is not necessarily used for the cultivation of crops and that a &%Field may be very small, e.g. &%Lawn is a subclass of &%Field.' s__BotanicalTree s__Lawn s__Lawn__t s__Field__t 'A &%Field of cultivated and mowed &%Grass.' s__Grass s__MilitaryFront s__MilitaryFront__t 'A &%GeographicArea along which opposing military forces confront one another in a &%Battle.' s__SpaceRegion s__AtmosphericRegion '&%AtmosphericRegion is the class of all subregions of &%EarthsAtmosphere.' s__StreamWaterArea s__FlowRegion s__StreamWaterArea__t s__FlowRegion__t s__StaticWaterArea 'A relatively narrow &%WaterArea where the water flows constantly and in the same direction, e.g. a river, a stream, etc.' s__StaticWaterArea__t 'A &%WaterArea in which water does not flow constantly or in the same direction, e.g. most lakes and ponds.' '&%FlowRegion is a class of things whose boundaries are relatively stable but whose constitutive &%material is continuously moving through the region itself and being replaced by other, similar material. Each &%FlowRegion is constituted by a stream of matter moving as a whole. A &%FlowRegion may be liquid or gaseous. A wind may be considered as a &%Process or as a &%FlowRegion, similarly an OceanCurrent or a &%WaterWave. The motion process associated with a &%FlowRegion F is denoted by (&%FlowFn F). Note that certain properties belong to the &%FlowRegion itself (e.g., mass, length, volume, temperature, and speed or velocity of the region moving as a whole), while other properties of interest belong to the &%Motion of its constitutive stuff (e.g., velocity, direction). The motion of a &%FlowRegion as a whole (e.g., &%JetStream moves within the atmosphere) is distinguished from the motion of the &%pieces of stuff constituting the &%FlowRegion. See &%FlowFn and &%FlowRegionFn.' s__SpaceRegion__t s__OuterSpaceRegion 'The class of all &%Regions which are not &%GeographicAreas.' s__OuterSpaceRegion__t 'The class of all &%Regions which are neither &%GeographicAreas nor &%AtmosphericRegions.' s__StormFront s__StormFront__t s__AtmosphericRegion__t 'The &%Region where two or more unstable air masses meet.' s__Inside '&%Inside is a &%PositionalAttribute used to describe the relative location of one object or region to another region.' s__Outside '&%Outside is a &%PositionalAttribute used to describe the relative location of one object or region to another region. ' s__Outdoors s__Outdoors__t 'Any &%Region which is not enclosed by a &%Building or part of a &%Building.' s__Indoors s__Indoors__t 'Any &%Region which is enclosed by a &%Building.' s__BiologicalSpecies s__BiologicalSpecies__t 'The &%Class of all biological species, i.e. the class of all classes of &%Organism whose instances can interbreed.' s__Wood s__Wood__t '&%Tissue that comprises the inner trunk of &%Trees. It is often used in constructing &%Buildings and other &%Artifacts. Wood is the principal substance making up a tree, and is distinguished from the bark, roots, flowers, seeds, fruit and leaves.' s__WoodArtifact '&%Wood that has been cut (and perhaps treated) for some purpose, e.g. &%Constructing or &%Combustion. Note that this class covers both lumber and firewood.' s__OakWood s__OakWood__t s__WoodArtifact__t 'Any &%WoodArtifact that is made from the &%Wood of an oak tree.' s__Rubber s__Rubber__t 'Natural rubber, as opposed to synthetic rubber which is a &%Plastic, is a product of the rubber tree, genus Hevea or Ficus. It is the coagulated form of the milky juice secreted by these trees. Rubber is essentially a polymer of isoprene. ' s__Cellulose s__Cellulose__t 'The main component of &%Plant &%Tissue.' s__Starch s__Starch__t 'A complex &%Carbohydrate that is the main form in which &%Carbohydrates are stored.' s__Sugar s__Sugar__t 'A simple &%Carbohydrate that has a sweet taste and consists mostly or entirely of sucrose.' s__Nectar s__Nectar__t 'A sweet, sticky liquid that is produced by &%Plants and that attracts Insects.' s__Medicine__t 'Any &%BiologicallyActiveSubstance which has a therapeutic effect under certain conditions.' s__Stimulant s__Stimulant__t s__Depressant 'Any &%BiologicallyActiveSubstance which has the effect of stimulating the central nervous system, i.e. increasing function or activity in the &%Brain or &%SpinalCord.' 'Any &%BiologicallyActiveSubstance which has the effect of depressing the central nervous system, i.e. decreasing function or activity in the &%Brain or &%SpinalCord.' s__Opium s__Opium__t 'A substance harvested from the seed capsules of the opium poppy that contains various powerful alkaloids.' s__Grass__t '&%FloweringPlants with green, narrow leaves that are used for lawns and &%Fields. &%Grass includes any plant of the family Gramineae, a widely distributed group of mostly annual and perennial herbs.' s__Lilac s__Lilac__t 'A &%FloweringPlant that has large clusters of aromatic flowers.' s__Tobacco__t 'A &%FloweringPlant containing nicotine whose leaves are dried and then smoked or ingested.' s__Lesion s__Lesion__t 'Any &%AbnormalAnatomicalStructure which is the result of an Injuring and which is found on the surface of an &%Organ.' s__Scar s__Scar__t 'Any &%AbnormalAnatomicalStructure which results from the healing of a &%Lesion.' s__Tumor__t 'Any &%AbnormalAnatomicalStructure which consists of a mass of &%Tissue. Note that this class covers both malignant (i.e. cancerous) and benign tumors.' s__Tendon s__Tendon__t '&%Tissue that connects &%Muscle to &%Bone.' s__Sweat s__Sweat__t 'An &%AnimalSubstance that contains &%SodiumChloride and is produced by the sweat glands.' s__PlantLeaf s__PlantLeaf__t 'An &%Organ of &%Plants whose main purpose is photosynthesis.' s__PlantBranch s__PlantBranch__t 'The stem of a &%Plant or any shoot arising from the stem of a &%Plant.' '&%BotanicalTree is an imprecise term for a perennial woody plant that is larger than a bush or shrub, generally understood to describe a large growth having one main trunk with few or no branches projecting from its base, a well-developed crown of foliage, and a height at maturity of at least 12 feet.' s__TreeBranch s__TreeBranch__t 'Any &%PlantBranch which is part of a &%BotanicalTree.' s__WillowTree s__WillowTree__t s__BotanicalTree__t 'A &%BotanicalTree of the genus &%Salix.' s__PlantRoot s__PlantRoot__t 'An &%Organ of &%Plants whose main purpose is twofold, viz. to absorb nutrients from the ground and to anchor the &%Plant in place.' s__Flower s__Flower__t 'The reproductive organ of &%FloweringPlants.' s__Antibody s__Antibody__t 'An immunoglobulin which is produced by the body and which has the ability to neutralize &%Antigens.' '(? [V__DEST,V__ANTI] : (s__instance(V__DEST,s__Process) & s__instance(V__DEST,s__Destruction) & s__agent(V__DEST,V__BODY) & s__patient(V__DEST,V__ANTI) & s__instance(V__ANTI,s__Antigen)))' s__Antibiotic s__Antibiotic__t 'A &%BiologicallyActiveSubstance than can kill instances of &%Bacterium.' s__Antigen s__Antigen__t 'Any &%BiologicallyActiveSubstance that has the capacity to stimulate the production of &%Antibodies.' s__AntigenA s__AntigenA__t 'An &%Antigen that is carried in the red blood cells of those with &%BloodTypeA.' s__AntigenB s__AntigenB__t 'An &%Antigen that is carried in the red blood cells of those with &%BloodTypeB.' s__BloodCell s__BloodCell__t 'A &%Cell that is normally present in &%Blood.' s__RedBloodCell s__RedBloodCell__t '&%BloodCells that contain hemoglobin, lack a &%CellNucleus, and carry &%Oxygen to the tissues of the body.' s__CellNucleus s__WhiteBloodCell s__WhiteBloodCell__t '&%BloodCells that lack hemoglobin, contain a &%CellNucleus, and have no color.' s__BloodTypeA s__BloodTypeA__t 'The subclass of &%Blood that contains &%AntigenA and does not contain &%AntigenB.' s__BloodTypeAB s__BloodTypeAB__t 'The subclass of &%Blood that contains both &%AntigenA and &%AntigenB.' s__BloodTypeB s__BloodTypeB__t 'The subclass of &%Blood that contains &%AntigenB and does not contain &%AntigenA.' s__BloodTypeO s__BloodTypeO__t 'The subclass of &%Blood that contains neither &%AntigenA nor &%AntigenB.' s__NerveCell s__NerveCell__t 'The &%Cells that make up a &%NervousSystem.' s__NervousSystem s__LiquidBodySubstance 'Any &%BodySubstance which is &%Liquid under normal circumstances.' s__Serum s__Serum__t s__LiquidBodySubstance__t 'Any &%LiquidBodySubstance other than &%Blood.' s__TearSubstance s__TearSubstance__t 'The class of &%SalineSolutions produced by the lacrimal glands of the &%Eyes.' s__Eye s__Milk s__Milk__t 'A nutritious &%BodySubstance produced by &%Mammals that has evolved to provide nourishment for their offspring during their initial period of life.' s__CellPart '&%part of a &%Cell' s__CellNucleus__t s__CellPart__t 'The part of the &%Cell that contains DNA and RNA.' s__Tea s__PreparedFood s__Tea__t 'A &%Beverage which is prepared by infusing tea leaves into hot water.' s__Depressant__t 'Any &%Beverage that contains &%Alcohol.' s__Wine s__Wine__t s__DistilledAlcoholicBeverage s__DistilledAlcoholicBeverage__t 'An &%AlcoholicBeverage that has had some part of its &%Water content removed by distillation. This class covers drinks of unmixed, hard liquor.' s__Beer s__Beer__t s__AlcoholicBeverage__t s__SpinalColumn s__SpinalColumn__t 'A flexible column made out of bones called vertebrae. The main function of the &%SpinalColumn is to protect the spinal cord.' s__SpinalCord s__SpinalCord__t 'A cord of nerves that carries impulses to and from the &%Brain. It is contained within the &%SpinalColumn.' s__Tail s__Tail__t 'A &%BodyPart which extends from the rear of the main body of some &%Vertebrates.' s__Wing s__Limb s__Wing__t 'Any &%Limb which is capable of being an instrument in &%Flying.' s__Skin__t 'A BodyCovering that comprises part of the surface of &%Animals.' s__Retina s__Retina__t 'A membrane that covers the &%Eye and converts the image formed by the lens of the &%Eye into neurochemical impulses which can be processed by the &%Brain.' s__BronchialDuct s__BronchialDuct__t 'Any &%BodyVessel which is located in a &%Lung and which carries oxygen from the trachea to the alveoli.' s__BloodVessel 'Any &%BodyVessel which is used to circulate &%Blood from one part of the body to another.' s__Alveolus s__Alveolus__t 'Tiny sacs in the &%Lung which absorb &%Oxygen which is delivered to them by the &%BronchialDucts.' s__Artery s__Artery__t s__BloodVessel__t 'Any &%BloodVessel which transfers &%Blood from the &%Heart to the extremities of the body.' s__Heart s__Vein 'Any &%BloodVessel which transfers &%Blood from the extremities of the body to the &%Heart.' s__PulmonaryArtery s__PulmonaryArtery__t 'An &%Artery that carries &%Blood from the &%Heart to a &%Lung.' s__PulmonaryVein s__PulmonaryVein__t s__Vein__t 'A &%Vein that carries &%Blood from the &%Lungs to the &%Heart.' s__Capillary s__Capillary__t 'A very small &%BloodVessel that connects arterioles (very small &%Arteries) with venules (very small &%Veins).' s__Lung__t 'A respiratory organ of &%Vertebrates. Its function is to furnish the blood with oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide.' s__Kidney__t 'An &%Organ that separates urine from other &%BodySubstances and passes it to the bladder.' s__Spleen s__Spleen__t 'An &%Organ on the left side of the body that produces &%Cells that play a crucial role in immune response.' s__Inhaling s__Inhaling__t 'Any instance of &%Breathing where the breath is taken into the &%Lungs.' s__Exhaling s__Exhaling__t 'Any instance of &%Breathing where the breath is expelled from the &%Lungs.' s__Nostril s__Nostril__t 'Either of two &%BodyVessels that run through the &%Nose and connect it to the &%Throat.' s__Nose s__Heart__t 'The &%Organ that pumps &%Blood throughout the body.' s__Liver__t 'An &%Organ that secretes bile and serves metabolic functions.' s__Mouth__t 'Part of the &%Face, used for &%Ingesting Food and &%Vocalizing.' s__Tongue s__Tongue__t 'Part of the &%Mouth, used for &%Tasting Food, &%Vocalizing, and the initial stage of &%Digesting.' s__NervousSystem__t 'A system in &%Vertebrates that is made up of the &%Brain, the spinal cord, nerves, etc.' s__Hoof s__Hoof__t 'The hard end of the &%Foot of a &%HoofedMammal.' s__Tooth s__Tooth__t 'Part of the &%Mouth, used for biting and chewing.' s__Skull s__Skull__t 'The &%Bone that is found in the &%Heads of &%Vertebrates.' s__Horn s__Horn__t 'An outgrowth of &%Bone that is found on some &%HoofedMammals.' s__Ivory s__Ivory__t 'A very hard substance that makes up the tusks of elephants and walruses.' s__AnimalShell s__AnimalShell__t 'A hard shell of calcium that serves as a supporting structure for some &%Invertebrates.' s__Ossification s__Ossification__t 'Any &%BiologicalProcess that results in the formation of &%Bones.' s__Chewing s__Chewing__t 'Breaking up or mashing Food with ones teeth.' s__Feeding s__Feeding__t 'Giving Food to a &%Human or &%Animal.' s__Lip s__Lip__t 'Folds of &%Tissue surrounding the mouths of some &%Vertebrates.' s__Kissing s__Kissing__t 'The class of &%Touching processes where the lips of two persons are brought into contact with each other.' s__Licking s__Licking__t 'The class of &%Touching processes where the &%Tongue is brought into contact with something else.' s__Embracing s__Embracing__t 'The class of &%Touching processes where one &%Human hugs another one.' s__Skeleton s__Skeleton__t 'The system of &%Bones that make up the supporting structure of &%Vertebrates.' s__Exoskeleton s__Exoskeleton__t 'The system of &%Bones that are on the &%Outside of an organism and make up the supporting structure of many &%Invertebrates.' s__BodyJoint '&%BodyJunctions where different parts of the same &%Skeleton come together.' s__Airway s__Airway__t 'The class of Transitways used to transport Air to a location where it is absent or insufficient.' s__Throat__t 'A &%BodyVessel which connects the &%Mouth to the lungs and stomach.' s__Hair__t 'A filament that covers part of the body of many &%Mammals.' s__FacialHair s__FacialHair__t '&%Hair that grows on the &%Face. This class covers beards, mustaches, sideburns, midnight shadow, etc.' s__HairRemoval s__HairRemoval__t '&%Removing (some or all) the &%Hair from the body of an &%Animal. Note that this covers shaving hair, cutting hair, pulling hair out by the roots, etc.' s__Peeling s__Peeling__t 'Removing the &%Skin (or part of the &%Skin) from an &%Organism. Note that this class covers a large range of cases, including peeling an orange, pelting an &%Animal, etc.' s__Brain s__Brain__t 'The seat of the central nervous system.' '(intelligenceQuotient ?PERSON ?NUMBER) means that ?NUMBER is the I.Q. of ?PERSON. The I.Q. of a person is the ratio of their mental age (determined by a standardized test) divided by their chronological age, multiplied by 100.' s__Stomach__t 'A muscular sac that is the principal organ of digestion.' s__Intestine__t 'A &%BodyVessel which connects the &%Stomach to the anus and which is used in digesting Food.' s__Hypothalamus s__Hypothalamus__t 'The part of the &%Brain lying below the thalamus that serves to regulate &%AutonomicProcesses.' s__Eye__t 'The &%Organ of sight.' s__Ear s__Ear__t 'The &%Organ of hearing.' s__Eyelid s__Eyelid__t 'Folds of &%Skin that can be manipulated to cover or uncover &%Eyes.' '(? [V__EYE,V__P,V__C] : (s__instance(V__C,s__Process) & s__instance(V__P,s__Agent) & s__instance(V__EYE,s__Object) & s__instance(V__C,s__Covering) & s__instance(V__C,s__BodyMotion) & s__instance(V__P,s__Human) & s__experiencer(V__C,V__P) & s__instrument(V__C,V__E) & s__patient(V__C,V__EYE) & s__instance(V__EYE,s__Eye) & s__part(V__EYE,V__P) & s__part(V__E,V__P)))' s__Nose__t 'The &%Organ of &%Smelling.' '(secretesSubstance ?OBJ ?STUFF) means that the subclass of &%OrganicObject (either &%Organism or &%BodyPart) ?OBJ produces the subclass of &%Substance ?STUFF.' s__ThyroidGland__t 'A &%Gland in the neck that produces &%HormoneTSH, which regulates body weight, metabolic rate, etc.' s__ThyroidHormone s__ThyroidHormone__t 'A &%Hormone secreted by the &%ThyroidGland.' s__PituitaryGland s__PituitaryGland__t 'The main &%Gland of the endocrine system.' s__HormoneTSH s__HormoneTSH__t s__Pancreas s__Pancreas__t 'A large &%Gland that secretes &%Insulin and other substances.' s__Insulin s__Insulin__t 'A &%Hormone secreted by the &%Pancreas that is used to regulate the metabolism of &%Carbohydrates.' s__Arm__t 'The upper &%Limbs of a &%Primate.' s__Hand__t 'The grasping, fingered part of an upper limb of a &%Primate.' s__DigitAppendage 'Any of the extremities of &%Limbs that are found in the higer &%Vertebrates and the &%Amphibians.' s__Toad s__Toad__t 'An &%Amphibian that lacks a &%Tail and lives at least partially outside of water.' s__Finger s__DigitAppendage__t 'The five extremities of &%Hands.' s__Thumb s__Thumb__t s__Finger__t 'The thick, short &%Finger of each &%Hand.' s__NailDigit s__NailDigit__t 'Any of the horny structures which are found on the &%DigitAppendages of &%Primates and other &%Animals. This includes fingernails and toenails.' s__Fingerprint s__Fingerprint__t 'That pattern of arches, loops, and whorls that mark the imprint of a &%Finger.' s__Limb__t 'Any of the limbs of a &%Vertebrate. Animal Appendages with joints that are used for movement and grasping.' s__Snake s__Snake__t 'A long and narrow &%Reptile which lacks &%Limbs.' s__Rattlesnake s__Rattlesnake__t 'A subclass of &%Snake which derives its name from the fact that it can manipulate its tail in such a way as to produce a sound like that of a rattle.' s__ConstrictorSnake s__ConstrictorSnake__t 'A &%Snake that lacks venom and kills its prey by crushing it to death.' s__AntInsect s__AntInsect__t 'A colony &%Insect of three types: males, &%QueenInsect, and worker ants.' s__Anaconda s__Anaconda__t 'A very large Boa that is found in South America.' s__Bee 'A hairy &%Insect, some species of which produce honey and/or sting.' s__BumbleBee s__BumbleBee__t s__Bee__t 'A large &%Bee which lacks a stinger.' s__FlyInsect s__FlyInsect__t '&%Insects with &%Wings and two &%Limbs.' s__Grasshopper s__Grasshopper__t '&%Insects with enormous legs that are used for jumping.' s__Moth s__Moth__t 'Nocturnal &%Insect with a large body and antennae.' s__QueenInsect s__QueenInsect__t s__WorkerInsect 'A &%Female &%Insect which is the sole member of her colony with the capability to reproduce.' s__WorkerInsect__t 'Sterile members of an &%Insect colony which are responsible for locating food and caring for eggs, larvae, etc.' s__Leg__t 'The lower &%Limbs of &%Animals, used for locomotion.' s__Foot__t 'The lower part of a &%Limb, the part which makes contact with the ground in locomotion of the &%Animal.' s__Ankle s__Ankle__t s__BodyJoint__t 'The joint in the &%Leg that connects the tibia and the fibula to the talus.' s__Elbow s__Elbow__t 'The joint in the &%Arm connecting the forearm and the upper arm.' s__Wrist__t 'The joint in the &%Arm connecting the radius and carpal bones.' s__Toe s__Toe__t 'The five extremities of a &%Foot.' s__Knee s__Knee__t 'The joint in the &%Leg connecting the tibia and fibula with the femur.' s__Shoulder s__Shoulder__t 'The part of a &%Primate between the &%Arm and the neck.' s__Knuckle s__Knuckle__t 'Any joint in a &%Finger.' s__Torso s__Torso__t 'The body of a &%Primate excluding its &%Limbs.' s__Breast s__Breast__t 'The paired &%Organs which are part of the chests of &%Primates.' s__Head__t 'The part of the body containing the sense organs and the brain.' s__Neck__t 'The part of the body that connects the &%Head to the rest of the body.' s__Face__t 'The part of the &%Head from forehead to chin and from ear to ear.' s__Chin s__Chin__t 'A part of the &%Face which protrudes slightly and which is lower than all other parts of the &%Face.' s__ExpressingInLanguage s__ExpressingApproval s__ExpressingDisapproval '&%Expressing favor about a physical thing or a state of affairs.' '&%Expressing disfavor about a physical thing or a state of affairs.' s__Regretting s__Regretting__t s__ExpressingDisapproval__t '&%ExpressingDisapproval about a state of affairs that has already occurred.' s__ExpressingFarewell s__ExpressingFarewell__t 'Any instance of &%Expressing an acknowledgment of a persons departure. Note that this class is not a subclass of &%LinguisticCommunication, because it covers gestures of departure, e.g. &%Waving and &%Nodding in certain circumstances.' s__Congratulating s__Congratulating__t 'Any &%ExpressingApproval to a person for something that the person did in the past and that is regarded as being to the benefit of the person congratulated.' s__FacialExpression 'Any &%Gesture whose &%instrument is the &%Face.' s__Smiling s__Smiling__t 'Spreading the lips in such a way as to convey happiness.' s__Frowning s__Frowning__t 'Furrowing the forehead in such a way as to convey unhappiness.' s__Laughing s__Laughing__t s__FacialExpression__t 'Expressing happiness by &%Vocalizing in a certain way.' s__Weeping s__Weeping__t '&%Expressing unhappiness by shedding tears.' s__Nodding s__Nodding__t 'Moving the &%Head up and down or side to side to indicate approval or disapproval.' s__HandGesture 'Any &%Gesture which involves the &%Hands.' s__Waving s__Waving__t s__HandGesture__t 'Moving a &%Hand to indicate a greeting, farewell, recognition, goodwill, etc.' s__Clapping s__Clapping__t 'Bringing the &%Hands together repeatedly to make a loud noise.' s__Inclining s__Inclining__t 'Moving ones body downward from a vertical position. Note that this class covers cases of leaning forward, as well as those of reclining backwards.' s__Bowing s__Bowing__t 'Any downward motion of the body that indicates respect for or submission to another &%Agent.' s__Sinking s__Sinking__t 'The class of &%Falling processes that occur in a &%WaterArea.' s__Ducking s__Ducking__t 'Purposely moving ones body downward in such a way as to avoid being hit by something.' '(~ (? [V__IMPACT] : (s__instance(V__IMPACT,s__Process) & s__instance(V__IMPACT,s__Impacting) & s__patient(V__IMPACT,V__AGENT))))' s__ExpressingInLanguage__t 'Any instance of &%Expressing that is also an instance of &%LinguisticCommunication, e.g. thanking someone, expressing condolence, expressing disapproval with an utterance rather than a &%Gesture, etc.' s__TonalLanguage s__TonalLanguage__t 'Any &%SpokenHumanLanguage that uses pitch to differentiate otherwise identical words, e.g. Chinese.' s__Thanking s__Thanking__t s__ExpressingApproval__t 'Any &%ExpressingInLanguage of appreciation to a person for something that the person did in the past.' s__Greeting s__Greeting__t 'Any instance of &%Expressing an acknowledgment of a persons arrival. Note that this class is not a subclass of &%ExpressingInLanguage, because it covers gestures of greeting, e.g. &%Waving and &%Nodding in certain circumstances.' '(&%half ?HALF ?WHOLE) means that ?HALF is one half of ?WHOLE.' '(third ?THIRD ?WHOLE) means that ?THIRD is one third of ?WHOLE.' '(quarter ?QUART ?WHOLE) means that ?QUART is a quarter of ?WHOLE.' '(&%most ?MOST ?WHOLE) means that ?MOST is a &%part of ?WHOLE that is greater than &%half of ?WHOLE.' s__Blueprint__t 'An &%Icon which is a scale model of an &%Artifact, whether the &%Artifact actually exists or not.' '(? [V__ARTIFACT] : (s__instance(V__ARTIFACT,s__Artifact) & s__represents(V__PLAN,V__ARTIFACT)))' s__Chart s__Chart__t 'An &%Icon which depicts one or more quantities.' s__Flag 'An &%Icon made of &%Fabric that refers to a particular &%GeopoliticalArea.' s__NationalFlag s__NationalFlag__t s__Flag__t 'A &%Flag that is the official flag of a &%Nation, e.g. the stars and stripes is the &%NationalFlag of the United States.' s__GraphDiagram s__GraphDiagram__t s__ArrowIcon s__ArrowIcon__t 'An &%Icon which has the shape of an arrow and which is used to indicate direction or a relationship between two things.' s__Map s__Map__t 'An &%Icon which represents one or more &%GeographicAreas (or even the entire &%Earth).' s__Photograph s__Image s__Photograph__t s__Recording 'An &%Image that is the result of a process of &%Photographing.' s__Photographing s__Photographing__t '&%ContentDevelopment where the &%instrument is a camera and the &%result is a &%Photograph.' s__Camera s__Camera__t 'A &%Device which is capable of &%Photographing.' s__TonMass 'English mass unit that is equal to 2000 pounds.' "2000" s__MetricTon '&%MetricTon is a &%UnitOfMeasure that represents a weight of 2,205 &%PoundMass.' "2205" s__LongTon '&%LongTon is the &%UnitOfMeasure, equal to 2,240 &%PoundMass, which is used to measure Dead Weight Tonnage capacity of &%Ships.' "2240" s__CubicFoot '&%CubicFoot is a unit for measuring volume, equal to a volume of one foot length in each dimension of length, width, and height.' 'Registry Ton' s__RegistryTon 'Gross Ton' '&%RegistryTon is a unit of measure used to represent the Gross Registered Tonnage (GRT) capacity of &%Ships. GRT is based on a volume measure, with one &%RegistryTon equal to a volume of 100 cubic feet.' s__Page 'A single page of &%Text.' s__LiquorShot 'A &%UnitOfMeasure used in preparing &%AlcoholicBeverages.' s__MillenniumDuration 'The &%UnitOfDuration of 1000 years.' s__Acre 'A &%UnitOfMeasure equal to 4840 square yards.' s__SquareMile '&%SquareMile represents a &%UnitOfMeasure equal to one square &%Mile.' s__SquareYard '&%SquareYard represents a &%UnitOfMeasure equal to one square &%YardLength.' s__YardLength '(creator ?AGENT ?ENTITY) means that some &%Agent ?AGENT is the creator of some &%Entity ?ENTITY' creator s__Music '&%Music refers to the conception of music - its notes, tempo, arrangement, lyrics, etc. as thought by its composers and lyricist. Some types of &%Music are conceptualized with only the background instrumentation thought of, while some types of &%Music are conceptualized with the thought of having both lyrics and musical composition combined.' music s__MusicalComposition__t s__Music__t '&%MusicalComposition refers to the the conception of a musical arrangement not including any &%LyricalContent.' 'musical composition' 'Currently, MusicalComposition is treated as text, and there is no propositional content related to it. This is dangerous, as there could be millions of instances of (for instance) sheet music containing Beethovens Fifth Symphony, and only having MusicalComposition equal to an object would imply that all of this different instances are different from each other. You could also have many different arrangements of the same musical composition. As such, I propose making MusicalComposition a Proposition, which refers more to the conception of the music, and SheetMusic the content bearing object that contains information about a particular MusicalComposition. (09-13-2011)' s__LyricalContent s__Song s__Song__t '&%Song refers to the conception of music that includes both &%MusicalComposition and &%LyricalComposition. While a &%Song can be interpreted without its &%LyricalContent, or its &%LyricalContent is used elsewhere, the idea of &%Song as it was originally conceptualized is that it contains both.' song s__LyricalContent__t '&%LyricalContent is the conceptual idea of &%Lyrics.' 'It is important to distinguish the propositional content of &%Lyrics from the text that displays it. Some songs are translated from one language to another, but use essentially the same Lyrical content. (09-15-2011)' 'lyrical content' '(? [V__S] : (s__instance(V__S,s__Process) & s__instance(V__S,s__Singing) & s__patient(V__S,V__X)))' s__LegislativeBill 'The &%Attribute of being a proposed law, i.e. being under consideration by a legislative body of &%Government.' s__PassingABill s__PassingABill__t 'The &%Process of converting a &%LegislativeBill into &%Law by a duly authorized legislative body of &%Government.' s__InternationalLaw 'An &%Attribute that applies to &%Propositions that express &%Laws concerning the relations between &%Nations.' s__Illegal s__Legal 'A proposition is &%Illegal just in case it is inconsistent with any proposition that is a &%Law.' 'A proposition is &%Legal just in case it is not inconsistent with any proposition that is a &%Law.' s__CriminalAction__t 'Any &%IntentionalProcess that violates a &%Law.' s__PoliticalCrime s__PoliticalCrime__t 'A &%CriminalAction that is committed by or against &%Governments.' s__PoliticalRevolution s__PoliticalRevolution__t 'The violent overthrow of one &%Government and its replacement by another. This covers grass-roots revolutions, as well as coups detat.' '(V__GOV1 = s__GovernmentFn(V__A))' '(V__GOV2 = s__GovernmentFn(V__A))' s__LawEnforcement 'Any &%RegulatoryProcess where the agent is either a &%PoliceOrganization or a member of a &%PoliceOrganization. This covers everything from issuing a traffic ticket to arresting someone on suspicion of having committed a &%Murder.' s__Imprisoning s__Imprisoning__t 'The class of &%Confining processes where the detainee is put in &%Prison.' s__Espionage s__Espionage__t 'Any Investigating by one &%Government of another &%Government where the second Government does not know that it is being spied upon.' s__Polling s__Polling__t 'Investigating what people believe (and in what proportions) by asking a set of structured questions to a random sample of people.' s__MilitaryInfiltration s__MilitaryInfiltration__t 'Any &%Process by a &%MilitaryOrganization which involves moving through enemy positions without detection by the enemy.' s__Agreement__t '&%Agreement is the class of &%Propositions that express the contents of agreements entered into by &%CognitiveAgents. &%Agreement includes treaties, contracts, purchase orders, pledges, marriage vows, etc. An &%Agreement may be written down in a document or other &%ContentBearingObject, it can be verbal &%Communication, it can even be an implied agreement.' agreement '(&%partyToAgreement ?AGENT ?PROP) means that the &%Agent ?AGENT has committed to the agreement ?PROP.' 'party to agreement' '(&%agreementPeriod ?AGREEMENT ?DURATION) holds if ?DURATION specifies a &%TimeDuration, which is the length of time that the ?AGREEMENT is &%ActiveAgreement.' '(&%agreementEffectiveDate ?AGREEMENT ?TIME) means that ?AGREEMENT goes into effect at &%TimePoint ?TIME, and remains an &%ActiveAgreement for &%TimeDuration ?DURATION.' s__TimePeriodFn__m '(&%TimePeriodFn ?TIMEPOINT ?DURATION) accepts &%TimePoint ?TIMEPOINT and &%TimeDuration ?DURATION and returns a &%TimeInterval that starts from ?TIMEPOINT and ends at the end of ?DURATION' 'time period function' '(&%agreementExpirationDate ?AGREEMENT ?ENDDATE) means that ?ENDDATE is the date on which ?AGREEMENT is no longer &%ActiveAgreement.' '(~ s__property(V__AGREEMENT,s__ActiveAgreement))' s__agreementClause__m '(&%agreementClause ?PROP ?ATTR ?AGREEMENT ?AGENT) means that &%Proposition ?PROP, which has &%modalAttribute ?ATTR, is part of &%Agreement ?AGREEMENT and, with &%CognitiveAgent ?AGENT being the one responsible to make the statement true' 'agreement clause' '(? [V__PROC] : (s__instance(V__PROC,s__Process) & s__realization(V__PROC,V__PROP) & s__agent(V__PROC,V__AGENT)))' s__ActiveAgreement '&%ActiveAgreement describes an &%Agreement that is still binding or is still in effect' 'active agreement' '(? [V__PROC] : (s__instance(V__PROC,s__Process) & s__realization(V__PROC,V__AGREEMENT)))' s__NakedPromise 'A &%Promise where nothing is promised in return, i.e. a nudum pactum.' '&%Contract is a type of &%Agreement that is legally enforceable, meaning a &%CognitiveAgent can pursue other parties of the agreement in a court of law if provisions of the contract are not followed or kept. It follows that all subpropositions of the &%Contract is &%Legal.' contract '(? [V__LEGAL] : (s__instance(V__LEGAL,s__CognitiveAgent) & s__instance(V__LEGAL,s__LegalAction) & s__plaintiff(V__LEGAL,V__AGENT2) & s__defendant(V__LEGAL,V__AGENT1)))' s__MarriageContract 'An &%Contract between a married couple about how assets owned by the couple will be distributed in the event that the couple is divorced.' s__PurchaseContract 'A &%Contract between two &%Agents in which one &%Agent agrees to render the other some good or service in exchange for currency.' s__ServiceContract 'A &%Contract where an &%Agent agrees to perform a service for another &%Agent (usually for a price).' s__Warranty 'A &%Contract that states the cirumstances under which defects in the product will be corrected for no charge. A &%Warranty is usually limited to a length of time that is specified in the &%Warranty itself. A &%Warranty also includes information about what is not covered and actions that invalidate the &%Warranty.' s__Treaty 'Any &%Contract which holds between two or more &%Nations.' s__Supposition s__Question s__Request s__Order s__Statement__t 'A &%Sentence that is stated to be true.' s__Fact s__Fact__t 'The class of &%Statements that are &%True.' s__Question__t 'An interrogative &%Sentence, a &%Sentence that poses a question.' s__Supposition__t 'A &%Sentence that is assumed to be true, possibly just for the sake of argument.' s__Request__t 'A &%Sentence that expresses a request for something or that something be done.' s__Order__t 'A &%Sentence that expresses an order for something or that something be done.' s__AudioRecording 'In ver 1.111 of Mid-level-ontology.kif , it says that (&%subclass &%AudioRecording &%Text). This does not seem right. Deleting that statement. Creating a parent class called &%Recording which means something that captures a &%Process that happened in real life. &%AudioRecording and &%VideoRecording will inherit from there. A &%Photograph is also a still recording of what happened in real life - as opposed to Graphic Art which is more of an &%ArtWork than a &%Recording, so it will also inherit from &%Recording. (09-14-2011)' 'A representation of sound on some medium such as wax cylinder, vinyl record, magnetic tape, CD or flash memory, that is intended to be used in some machine to reproduce that sound.' '(&%record ?OBJ ?PHYS), a more specific relationship than &%represents, means that some &%Physical ?PHYS is captured and interpreted into a &%ContentBearingObject that is stored in some &%DataStorageDevice' record 'Adding a more specific relation than &%represents. While &%represents can be something like a &%Logo that represents a &%Brand, &%record is more strict in the sense that it is an accurate rendering of some &%Process that occurred in real life. (09-14-2011).' '(&%stored ?REC ?OBJ) means that some &%ContentBearingObject, encoded in some format, is saved in some &%DataStorageDevice and can be accessed in some future date.' stored 'Adding a stored method that is specific to storing &%ContentBearingObject such as &%SymbolicString, &%Recording, etc. in a &%DataStorageDevice. Will be changing some axioms to use this instead of other, vaguer ways of describing it.' s__Recording__t '&%Recording refers to a &%ContentBearingObject that represents some &%Process that happened in real life' recording s__MusicRecording s__MusicRecording__t s__AudioRecording__t '&%MusicRecording refers to an &%AudioRecording of the &%Process of &%MakingMusic.' 'music recording' s__SheetMusic s__SheetMusic__t '&%SheetMusic refers to the &%ContentBearingObject that contains a representation of a &%MusicalComposition, using different musical symbols' 'sheet music' s__MusicText s__MusicText__t 'A &%Text in a &%Language that represents a form of music.' s__VideoRecording s__VideoRecording__t 'A representation of video on some medium such as film, videotape or DVD. Instances of this class are also commonly instances of &%AudioRecording.' '(? [V__AUDIO] : (s__instance(V__AUDIO,s__Object) & s__instance(V__AUDIO,s__AudioRecording) & s__part(V__AUDIO,V__VIDEO)))' s__MediaSystem '&%MediaSystem is a &%Collection of components that enable the &%RadiatingSound of &%AudioRecording and &%RadiatingLight of &%VideoRecording' 'media system' '((? [V__VIDEO,V__RL] : (s__instance(V__RL,s__Process) & s__instance(V__VIDEO,s__VideoRecording) & s__instance(V__RL,s__RadiatingLight) & s__patient(V__RL,V__VIDEO) & s__instrument(V__RL,V__PLAYER))) | (? [V__AUDIO,V__RS] : (s__instance(V__RS,s__Process) & s__instance(V__AUDIO,s__AudioRecording) & s__instance(V__RS,s__RadiatingSound) & s__patient(V__RS,V__AUDIO) & s__instrument(V__RS,V__PLAYER))))' s__Label s__Label__t 'A very brief &%Text that is attached to an &%Object and that indicates very specific information about the &%Object, e.g. its name, its &%monetaryValue, etc.' s__FormText s__FormText__t 'A page or set of pages containing spaces where information is to be entered by an &%Agent.' s__TestForm s__TestForm__t 'A &%FormText which is intended to measure some aspect of the cognitive capabilities, e.g. intelligence or knowledge of a domain, of the person taking the test.' s__Ballot s__Ballot__t 'A &%FormText which is used in &%Voting. A list of candidates is printed on the form, and the voter selects the candidate he/she wants to vote for.' '(? [V__V] : (s__instance(V__V,s__Process) & s__instance(V__V,s__Voting) & s__instrument(V__V,V__B)))' s__Application s__Application__t 'A &%FormText whose purpose is to obtain admission to an &%Organization or to receive assistance from an &%Organization.' '(? [V__JOIN,V__GIVE] : (s__instance(V__JOIN,s__JoiningAnOrganization) | s__instance(V__GIVE,s__UnilateralGiving)))' s__Announcement s__Announcement__t 'Any &%Text which contains information about an event in the future.' s__PerformanceProgram s__PerformanceProgram__t 'A &%Text that describes the events and/or participants in a &%Performance.' s__MotionPictureShot s__MotionPictureShot__t 'A unit of action in a &%MotionPicture, a &%MotionPictureShot is a sequence of images which are captured by a single camera without interruption.' s__MotionPictureScene s__MotionPictureScene__t 'A discrete part of a &%MotionPicture which is set in the same time period and the same location.' s__Documentary s__Documentary__t 'A &%MotionPicture which purports to represent the facts about a person, event, etc.' s__BroadcastProgram s__Series s__BroadcastProgram__t s__Series__t 'A &%Series of episodes that are broadcast on television or radio.' s__Broadcasting s__NewsProgram s__NewsProgram__t 'A &%BroadcastProgram that is devoted to reporting the latest events in a city, region, nation or the world at large.' s__SeriesVolumeFn__m 'A &%BinaryFunction that maps a type of &%Series (e.g. the Encyclopedia_Britannica or the Popular_Mechanics periodical) and a number to the volumes of the text type designated by the number.' s__Periodical 'A &%Text consisting of multiple self-contained units. Some examples are an encyclopedia containing a couple dozen volumes, a television series made up of many episodes, a film serial, etc.' s__PeriodicalIssueFn__m 'A &%BinaryFunction that maps a subclass of &%Periodical and a number to all of the issues of the &%Periodical corresponding to the number.' s__Periodical__t 'A &%Series whose elements are published separately and on a periodic basis.' s__Article 'A relatively short &%Text that either is unbound or is bound with other &%Articles in a &%Book.' s__Chapter s__Chapter__t 'A numbered and/or titled section of a &%Book, which is typically indicated in a table of contents for the &%Book.' 'A &%BinaryPredicate used to indicate the title of a &%ContentBearingPhysical. Note that the second argument type restriction is a subclass, rather than an instance, of &%ContentBearingPhysical. Thus, the title Murder_on_the_Orient_Express corresponds to a large class of &%Books, and not just to a single copy of the book.' '(formerName ?NAME ?THING) means that the string ?NAME is a name formerly used for ?THING.' '(&%familyName ?STRING ?HUMAN) means that the &%SymbolicString ?STRING denotes a non-optional name that ?HUMAN has inherited by virtue of being born into a particular family (kin group). surname is another word for this type of name. Cf. &%givenName.' '(middleName ?CHAR ?INDIV) means that the &%SymbolicString ?CHAR contains the middle name of the &%Human ?INDIV.' '(&%givenName ?STRING ?HUMAN) means that ?STRING is a name selected for ?HUMAN, usually from among many options, as opposed to a mandatory name (cf. &%familyName) that ?HUMAN has inherited by virtue of being born into a certain kin group, caste, or occupation.' '(localLongName ?NAME ?THING) means that the string ?NAME is the long form of the name used for ?THING in its local area or language.' '(localShortName ?NAME ?THING) means that the string ?NAME is the short form of the name used for ?THING in its local area or language.' s__Message__t 'A &%FactualText which is intended to be delivered to and read by a &%Human, &%GroupOfPeople or &%Organization.' s__Report s__Report__t 'A relatively brief &%FactualText, often it describes the findings of a study or experiment, or a series of observations.' s__Newspaper s__Newspaper__t 'A &%Periodical that is published on a daily or weekly basis, that contains &%Reports, and whose issues are printed on newsprint paper.' s__Magazine s__Magazine__t 'A &%Periodical that is softbound and printed on glossy paper.' s__Letter s__Letter__t 'A brief message which is intended to be mailed to a person or &%Organization.' s__Holiday '&%Holiday is the class of time periods that are observed as holidays in a country, culture, or religion. Holidays may recur annually on the same date, or they may be moveable, for example, &%UnitedStatesThanksgivingDay falls on the last &%Thursday of each &%November.' s__FixedHoliday s__FixedHoliday__t s__Holiday__t '&%FixedHoliday is the class of &%Holidays whose observance is fixed to recurrences of the calendar day that the holiday commemorates. See &%commemoratesDate.' s__MoveableHoliday s__MoveableHoliday__t '&%MoveableHoliday is the class of &%Holidays whose observance is not fixed to recurrences of any particular calendar day. For example, &%UnitedStatesMemorialDay is observed on the last &%Monday of &%May.' s__HolidayCard s__HolidayCard__t 'A stiff piece of &%Paper, usually folded over, which is sent to others in celebration of a &%Holiday.' s__HistoricalAccount s__NarrativeText s__HistoricalAccount__t 'A &%FactualAccount that describes significant events that occurred in the past.' s__Biography s__Biography__t 'A &%HistoricalAccount which is concerned with the life of a single &%Human.' s__FinancialText s__FinancialText__t 'A &%Report about monetary figures. This class covers &%FinancialBills, balance sheets, account statements, etc.' s__FinancialBill s__FinancialBill__t 'A brief statement that the stated amount of money is owed by the person to whom the bill is delivered.' s__ReferenceBook s__ReferenceBook__t 'A &%Book which is not intended to be read from cover to cover, but which is meant to be consulted to answer specific factual questions, e.g. about the meaning of a word, the location of a country, etc.' s__Dictionary s__Dictionary__t 'A &%ReferenceBook which specifies the meanings of the &%Words of a &%Language.' s__NarrativeText__t 'Any &%Text that tells a story, whether true or false.' s__ShortStory s__ShortStory__t s__Article__t 'A brief work of fiction, often bound with other short stories in a &%Book or &%Periodical.' s__MysteryStory s__MysteryStory__t 'A &%FictionalText whose central plot element is a crime of some sort, usually a murder.' s__Novel s__Novel__t 'A &%FictionalText that is larger than a &%ShortStory and that is bound independently (i.e. it is a &%Book).' s__DramaticPlay 'A &%FictionalText that is intended to be realized as &%DramaticActing.' '(? [V__ACT,V__PROP] : (s__instance(V__PROP,s__Proposition) & s__instance(V__ACT,s__Process) & s__instance(V__ACT,s__DramaticActing) & s__containsInformation(V__PLAY,V__PROP) & s__realization(V__ACT,V__PROP)))' s__Opera s__Opera__t s__DramaticPlay__t 'A &%DramaticPlay that is set to &%MakingMusic.' s__FrenchLanguage 'A &%Romance language that is the official language of France and Belgium, and is widely spoken in Africa.' s__GermanLanguage 'A &%Germanic language that is spoken primarily in Germany and Austria.' s__GreekLanguage 'An Indo-European language that is spoken in &%Greece.' s__LatinLanguage 'A &%Language that was spoken in ancient &%Rome and is still the official language of the &%Vatican.' s__RussianLanguage 'A Slavic language that is spoken in &%Russia.' s__SpanishLanguage 'A &%Romance language that is the official language of Spain, Mexico, and many Central and South American countries.' s__LiteracyAttribute s__LiteracyAttribute__t 'If an individual has the &%attribute &%LiteracyAttribute, that individual is able to read and write.' s__Industry__t 'The class of &%Collections of &%Corporations which are in the same line of business.' s__Chimney s__Chimney__t 'A thin passageway through which &%Smoke from a controlled fire is conducted &%Outside of a &%Building or &%Room.' '(? [V__S,V__R] : (s__instance(V__R,s__Process) & s__instance(V__S,s__Smoke) & s__instance(V__R,s__Removing) & s__instrument(V__R,V__C)))' s__Curb s__Curb__t 'A raised concrete or asphalt structure that connects a &%Sidewalk with a &%Roadway.' s__Sidewalk s__Paved s__Unpaved s__Stairway s__Stairway__t 'A &%StationaryArtifact which allows one to climb, step by step, from one level to another.' '(? [V__L1,V__L2] : (s__instance(V__L2,s__SelfConnectedObject) & s__instance(V__L1,s__SelfConnectedObject) & s__instance(V__L1,s__BuildingLevel) & s__instance(V__L2,s__BuildingLevel) & s__part(V__L1,V__B) & s__part(V__L2,V__B) & s__connects(V__S,V__L1,V__L2)))' s__Steps s__Steps__t s__BuildingLevel s__Ladder s__Ladder__t 'An &%Artifact which consists of two parallel supports connected by a series of rungs which can be used to ascend or descend.' s__Transparent 'A Transparent material is one through which it is possible to have &%Seeing.' '(? [V__S] : (s__instance(V__S,s__Process) & s__instance(V__S,s__Seeing) & s__agent(V__S,V__A) & s__destination(V__S,V__D) & s__between(V__O,V__A,V__D)))' s__Curtain s__WindowCovering s__Curtain__t 'A piece of &%Fabric whose purpose is &%Covering a &%Window so as to keep out the light or prevent people from seeing inside.' 'An &%Artifact composed of transparent material that admits light (and possibly air) into a &%Room, &%Building or &%Vehicle.' s__Skylight s__Skylight__t 'A &%Window that is part of the &%Ceiling of a &%Room.' s__RearWindow__t 'Any &%VehicleWindow which is located at the back of an &%RoadVehicle.' s__WindowCovering__t 'An &%Artifact that is used to cover Windows. Note that this class includes blinds, drapes, shutters, etc.' '(? [V__C,V__W] : (s__instance(V__C,s__Process) & s__instance(V__C,s__Covering) & s__patient(V__C,V__W) & s__instance(V__W,s__Window) & s__instrument(V__C,V__WC)))' s__AdjoiningRoom '&%AdjoiningRoom describes a &%Room that has another Room &%Adjacent to it, and a doorway existing on their common wall to allow access from one room to another' 'adjoining room' s__Door s__TransitwayObstacle '&%TransitwayObstacle is the general class of &%Objects that can act as obstacles to &%Motion along a &%Transitway.' s__Door__t s__TransitwayObstacle__t 'An &%Artifact that restricts and permits access to a &%StationaryArtifact (e.g. &%Building or &%Room) depending on whether the &%Door is open or locked. Note that the class &%Door also covers gates, because it is not possible to define objective criteria that reliably distinguish doors from gates.' s__Doorway s__Hinge s__Hinge__t 'An &%EngineeringComponent that connects one thing to another in such a way that they can move relative to one another.' '(? [V__OBJ1,V__OBJ2] : (s__instance(V__OBJ2,s__SelfConnectedObject) & s__instance(V__OBJ1,s__SelfConnectedObject) & s__connects(V__HINGE,V__OBJ1,V__OBJ2) & (s__capability(s__Rotating,s__patient__m,V__OBJ1) | s__capability(s__Rotating,s__patient__m,V__OBJ2))))' s__Doorway__t 'A &%StationaryArtifact consisting of a frame that holds a &%Door.' s__Wall__t 'A &%StationaryArtifact that supports a &%Building or partitions it into &%Rooms.' s__Floor__t 'A &%StationaryArtifact that is the bottom surface of a &%Room.' 'A &%StationaryArtifact that is the top surface of a &%Room.' s__Roof s__Roof__t 'The &%top of a &%Building.' s__Fireplace s__Fireplace__t 'A &%Device in a &%Building which is used for burning wood, coal, etc for heat.' '(? [V__C] : (s__instance(V__C,s__Process) & s__instance(V__C,s__Combustion) & s__eventLocated(V__C,V__F)))' s__Balcony s__Balcony__t 'A &%Balcony is a platform projecting from the wall of a building, surrounded by some type of railing' balcony s__BuildingLevel__t 'The story or level of a building, e.g. the &%Basement, the &%Attic, the ground level, the fourteenth floor, etc.' s__Basement s__Basement__t 'A &%BuildingLevel which satisfies two conditions, viz. it is lower than all of the other &%BuildingLevels in the same &%Building and it is below ground level.' s__Elevator s__Elevator__t 'A &%TransportationDevice consisting of a car that moves up and down in a vertical shaft so that people or objects can move from one floor to another in a building.' '(? [V__T,V__L1,V__L2,V__B] : (s__instance(V__B,s__Object) & s__instance(V__L2,s__Object) & s__instance(V__L1,s__Object) & s__instance(V__T,s__Process) & s__instance(V__T,s__Transportation) & s__origin(V__T,V__L1) & s__instance(V__L1,s__BuildingLevel) & s__destination(V__T,V__L2) & s__instance(V__L2,s__BuildingLevel) & (~ (V__L1 = V__L2)) & s__part(V__L1,V__B) & s__part(V__L2,V__B) & s__instance(V__B,s__Building)))' s__Pump s__Pump__t 'A &%Device that moves &%Fluids by means of pressure or suction.' s__Oar s__Oar__t 'A &%Device consisting of a flat, broad surface attached to a handle that is used as an instrument in &%Rowing.' '(? [V__R] : (s__instance(V__R,s__Process) & s__instance(V__R,s__Rowing) & s__instrument(V__R,V__O)))' s__Garage s__Garage__t 'A &%Building or part of a &%Building which is intended to house one or more &%RoadVehicle when they are not in use or are under repair.' '(? [V__AUTO] : (s__instance(V__AUTO,s__RoadVehicle) & s__contains(V__GARAGE,V__Automobile)))' s__Bathroom__t 'A &%Room that contains a &%WashBasin and possibly a &%Toilet.' s__Closet s__Closet__t 'A relatively small &%Room used for storage.' '(? [V__K,V__O] : (s__instance(V__O,s__Physical) & s__instance(V__K,s__Process) & s__instance(V__K,s__Keeping) & s__patient(V__K,V__O) & s__located(V__O,V__R)))' s__DressingRoom s__DressingRoom__t 'Any &%Room which is intended for &%ChangingClothing.' '(? [V__C] : (s__instance(V__C,s__Process) & s__instance(V__C,s__ChangingClothing) & s__eventLocated(V__C,V__R)))' s__SittingArea s__SittingArea__t '&%SittingArea refers to a &%Region, either &%Indoor (like a Living Room) or &%Outdoor (like a Garden sitting area) where people normally sit and entertain guests' 'sitting area' s__KitchenArea 'a &%KitchenArea refers to a &%Region, either &%Outdoors or &%Indoors, that is intended for &%Cooking' 'kitchen area' '(? [V__C] : (s__instance(V__C,s__Process) & s__instance(V__C,s__Cooking) & s__eventLocated(V__C,V__K)))' s__Kitchen s__Kitchen__t s__KitchenArea__t 'A &%Room intended for &%Cooking.' '(? [V__COOK] : (s__instance(V__COOK,s__Physical) & s__instance(V__COOK,s__Cooking) & s__located(V__COOK,V__ROOM)))' s__DiningArea__t 'a &%DiningArea refers to a &%Region, either &%Outdoors or &%Indoors, that is intended for &%Eating' 'dining area' '(? [V__E] : (s__instance(V__E,s__Process) & s__instance(V__E,s__Eating) & s__eventLocated(V__E,V__D)))' s__DiningRoom s__DiningRoom__t 'A &%Room intended primarily for &%Eating.' s__Bedroom s__Bedroom__t 'A &%Room intended primarily for sleeping.' s__Classroom s__Classroom__t 'Any Room in a &%School where education takes place.' '(? [V__E] : (s__instance(V__E,s__Process) & s__instance(V__E,s__EducationalProcess) & s__eventLocated(V__E,V__R)))' s__Porch s__Porch__t 'A &%StationaryArtifact which is &%connected to a &%Building and which provides some shelter in entering or leaving the &%Building or in sitting outside.' s__Sidewalk__t 'A prepared path for pedestrians alongside a &%Roadway.' '(? [V__WALK] : (s__instance(V__WALK,s__Motion) & s__instance(V__WALK,s__Walking) & s__path(V__WALK,V__SIDE)))' s__Fence s__Fence__t 'A &%StationaryArtifact that serves to demarcate or to prevent access to or from the area that the &%Fence surrounds.' s__SportsGround s__SportsGround__t 'A specially designated and maintained area where &%Sports are played.' '(? [V__SPORT] : (s__instance(V__SPORT,s__Process) & s__instance(V__SPORT,s__Sport) & s__eventLocated(V__SPORT,V__GROUND)))' s__IndustrialPlant s__IndustrialPlant__t 'A &%Building or part of a &%Building or group of &%Buildings whose purpose is to &%Manufacture something.' '(? [V__MANUFACTURE] : (s__instance(V__MANUFACTURE,s__Process) & s__instance(V__MANUFACTURE,s__Manufacture) & s__eventLocated(V__MANUFACTURE,V__PLANT)))' s__Laboratory s__Laboratory__t 'A &%Building, &%Room or suite of &%Rooms where scientific research, i.e. &%Experimenting, is conducted.' '(experimentalControl ?EXPERIMENT ?OBJ) means that the Object ?OBJ serves as a control in the instance of &%Experimenting ?EXPERIMENT, i.e. ?OBJ is the standard against which something else in the experiment can be compared.' s__MilitaryInstallation 'A &%StationaryArtifact consisting of grounds and &%Buildings that is intended to be used by a &%MilitaryOrganization.' s__Farm__t 'A &%StationaryArtifact consisting of a cultivated &%LandArea and &%Buildings for maintaining the land and/or the &%Animals on the land.' s__Barn s__Barn__t s__PerformanceStage__t 'A large platform for theatrical plays, lectures, dances, music recitals, etc, which can be observed by an audience.' '(? [V__PERF] : (s__instance(V__PERF,s__Process) & s__instance(V__PERF,s__Demonstrating) & s__eventLocated(V__PERF,V__STAGE)))' s__PerformanceStageWing s__PerformanceStageWing__t 'A part of the &%PerformanceStage that is not visible to members of the audience.' s__Magnetism s__Magnetism__t 'Any instance of &%RadiatingElectromagnetic which involves the attraction of &%Iron.' 'Any instance of &%RadiatingElectromagnetic where the waves have a wavelength between 5 milimeters and 30,000 meters.' s__Broadcasting__t s__RadioEmission__t '&%Disseminating information by using a &%CommunicationDevice that radiates &%RadioEmissions.' s__RadioBroadcasting s__RadioBroadcasting__t 'Any instance of &%Broadcasting which is intended to be received by a &%RadioReceiver.' s__TelevisionBroadcasting s__TelevisionBroadcasting__t 'Any instance of &%Broadcasting which is intended to be received by a &%Television.' s__PeriodicalPublisher s__PeriodicalPublisher__t 'Any &%Publisher that publishes &%Periodicals, e.g. newspaper and magazine publishing houses.' s__Antenna s__Antenna__t s__CommunicationDevice__t 'A &%CommunicationDevice which enables or improves the reception of &%RadioEmissions by another &%CommunicationDevice (the radio or television receiver).' s__Explosion__t 'Any sudden and massive release of energy that is the product of a chemical reaction.' 'A &%Demonstrating which includes &%DramaticActing and/or &%MakingMusic and which is intended to entertain the audience.' s__DramaticActing s__PerformanceAct s__PerformanceAct__t s__Performance__t 'A discrete &%subProcess of a &%Performance, e.g. an act of a play, a movement of a performance of a symphony, etc.' s__Lecture s__Lecture__t 'Any instance of &%Speaking which is done before an assembled audience.' s__Proclaiming s__Proclaiming__t 'Any instance of &%Speaking before an assembled audience that effects an institutional change, e.g. a change in the laws of the government.' s__Commenting s__Commenting__t 'Commenting is an &%IntentionalProcess where an &%Agent speaks about a &%Process it is &%Looking at.' 'Commenting' '(commentator ?AGENT ?PROCESS) means that some &%Agent ?AGENT is &%Looking at some &%Process ?PROCESS and &%Speaking about it simultaneously.' commentator s__Reciting s__Reciting__t 'Any instance of &%Speaking where what is uttered is contained within a &%Text.' s__MusicalPerformance s__MusicalPerformance__t 'A &%Performance that consists exclusively of &%MakingMusic, e.g. an orchestra playing a symphony to an assembled audience.' s__Sermon s__Sermon__t 'A &%Lecture that is part of a &%ReligiousService.' s__DramaticActing__t 'Playing a character in a &%Performance, &%MotionPicture, etc.' s__DramaticPerformance s__DramaticPerformance__t 'A &%Performance that consists exclusively of &%DramaticActing, e.g. a live performance of Death_of_a_Salesman in front of an audience.' s__DramaticCast s__DramaticCast__t 'The &%GroupOfPeople who engage in &%DramaticActing as part of the realization of a single &%FictionalText.' s__SocialParty s__SocialParty__t 'Any &%Meeting where the intent is primarily to socialize and be entertained.' s__FormalMeeting 'Any &%Meeting which is the result of &%Planning and whose purpose is not socializing.' s__Funeral s__Funeral__t s__Ceremony__t 'A &%FormalMeeting whose purpose is to commemorate the &%Death of someone.' s__Interviewing s__Interviewing__t s__FormalMeeting__t 'A &%FormalMeeting whose purpose is to acquire information from the interviewee that can be used in a media report.' s__Choreographing s__Choreographing__t '&%Planning that results in a sequence of dance steps that are executed as part of a &%Performance.' s__Resolution s__Resolution__t 'Any instance of &%Deciding which is conducted at a &%FormalMeeting and where the &%agent is an &%Organization.' s__Smoking s__Smoking__t 'Inhaling and exhaling &%Smoke produced by a &%CigarOrCigarette.' s__Jury s__Jury__t 'A &%GroupOfPeople who are given the duty of rendering a verdict with respect to a &%LegalAction.' '(? [V__DECISION] : (s__instance(V__DECISION,s__Process) & s__instance(V__DECISION,s__LegalDecision) & s__agent(V__DECISION,V__JURY)))' s__CriminalGang s__CriminalGang__t 'A &%GroupOfPeople which exists (partially or wholly) for the purpose of CriminalAction.' '(? [V__A] : (s__instance(V__A,s__Process) & s__instance(V__A,s__CriminalAction) & s__agent(V__A,V__G)))' s__LegalCharge s__LegalCharge__t 'Any &%LegalAction of which a &%Government is the &%agent.' s__LegalAppeal s__LegalAppeal__t 'Asking that a higher court reconsider a &%LegalDecision of a lower court.' s__Pleading s__Pleading__t '&%Stating in a court of law a claim about whether or not one is guilty of the crime of which one has been accused.' '(describes ?FORMULA ?OBJECT) means that some &%Formula ?FORMULA, as said by some &%Agent, is a statement regarding some &%Object ?OBJECT' describes s__Testifying s__Testifying__t 'Giving testimony as part of a &%JudicialProcess.' s__CourtRoom s__CourtRoom__t 'Any &%Room whose purpose is to realize &%JudicialProcesses.' s__LegalOpinion s__LegalOpinion__t 'An &%Argument that explains the reasoning behind a &%LegalDecision.' s__LegalAward s__LegalAward__t 'Any &%LegalDecision which gives to the plaintiff of the corresponding &%LegalAction some amount of monetary compensation.' '(? [V__GET,V__OBJ,V__VALUE] : (s__instance(V__VALUE,s__CurrencyMeasure) & s__instance(V__OBJ,s__Physical) & s__instance(V__GET,s__Process) & s__instance(V__GET,s__Getting) & s__experiencer(V__GET,V__PLAINTIFF) & s__patient(V__GET,V__OBJ) & s__monetaryValue(V__OBJ,V__VALUE)))' s__LegalConviction s__LegalConviction__t 'Any &%LegalDecision where the defendant is found guilty of the crime for which the corresponding trial was held.' s__LegalDismissal s__LegalDismissal__t 'Any &%LegalDecision where the &%LegalAction of the plaintiff is dismissed by the court, e.g. for lack of merit.' s__LegalSummons s__LegalSummons__t 'An official order that a person appear at a &%CourtRoom at a specified time.' s__LegalAquittal s__LegalAquittal__t 'Any &%LegalDecision where the defendant is found not to be guilty of the crime for which the corresponding trial was held.' s__Sentencing s__Sentencing__t 'Any &%LegalDecision where the defendant is assigned a punishment for a &%CriminalAction which was the subject of an earlier &%LegalConviction.' '(defendant ?AGENT ?ACTION) means the &%LegalAction ?ACTION makes a legal claim against ?AGENT.' '(plaintiff ?ACTION ?AGENT) means that ?AGENT is responsible for initiating the &%LegalAction ?ACTION.' s__GameCall s__GameCall__t 'A decision issued by an official referee in a &%Game. Note that &%GameCall is a subclass of &%Declaring, because these decisions have binding, normative force.' s__BeginningOperations s__BeginningOperations__t s__CeasingOperations 'The process of an &%Organization commencing operations. In the case of a &%Corporation, this would be the process of going into business.' s__OrganizationalMerging s__OrganizationalMerging__t 'The process of two or more &%Organizations merging into a single &%Organization.' '(~ (? [V__S1] : (s__instance(V__S1,s__Organization) & s__subOrganization(V__ORG1,V__S1) & s__subOrganization(V__ORG2,V__S1))))' '(? [V__S2] : (s__instance(V__S2,s__Organization) & s__subOrganization(V__ORG1,V__S2) & s__subOrganization(V__ORG2,V__S2)))' s__CeasingOperations__t 'The process of an &%Organization ceasing operations, i.e. its folding or going out of business in some other fashion.' s__BecomingDrunk s__BecomingDrunk__t s__SoberingUp 'The process of transitioning from a state of being &%Sober to a state of being &%Drunk.' 'The &%ConsciousnessAttribute of someone whose motor and cognitive faculties are not significantly impaired by a &%BiologicallyActiveSubstance.' s__SoberingUp__t 'The process of transitioning from a state of being &%Drunk to a state of being &%Sober.' s__FallingAsleep s__FallingAsleep__t s__WakingUp 'The process of transitioning from a state of being &%Awake to a state of being &%Asleep.' s__WakingUp__t 'The process of transitioning from a state of being &%Asleep to a state of being &%Awake.' s__GainingConsciousness s__GainingConsciousness__t 'The process of transitioning from a state of being &%Unconscious to a state of being &%Awake.' s__LosingConsciousness s__LosingConsciousness__t 'The process of transitioning from a state of being &%Awake to a state of being &%Unconscious.' '(&%issuedBy ?Certificate ?Agent) means that a &%Certificate ?Certificate is produced and offered by ?Agent.' s__AcademicDegree s__AcademicDegree__t 'A &%Certificate that demonstrates that the holder of the &%Certificate has successfully completed an &%EducationalProgram.' s__EducationalProgram s__License 'License is the subclass of &%Certificates that are granted by a &%GovernmentOrganization and that authorize the performance of a kind of action, e.g., driving, exporting, travelling to another country, etc.' s__Ticket s__Ticket__t 'A &%Certificate that allows the holder to perform a specified act once, e.g. ride a bus, attend a concert, obtain a prize, etc.' '(? [V__T] : s__holdsDuring(V__T,(? [V__P] : (s__instance(V__T,s__TimePosition) & s__instance(V__P,s__Process) & s__agent(V__P,V__AGENT) & s__experiencer(V__P,V__CUST)))))' s__Passport s__Passport__t s__License__t 'A &%License which identifies the holder and permits travel between different countries.' '(? [V__T,V__N1,V__N2] : (s__instance(V__N1,s__Object) & s__instance(V__T,s__Process) & s__instance(V__T,s__Translocation) & s__agent(V__T,V__A) & s__origin(V__T,V__N1) & s__destination(V__T,V__N2) & s__instance(V__N1,s__Nation) & s__instance(V__N2,s__Nation) & (~ (V__N1 = V__N2))))' s__PassCertificate s__PassCertificate__t 'A &%Certificate that allows the holder to be at or away from a specified location, e.g. a pass for a leave of absence, a hall pass, a pass to enter a cleared facility, etc.' s__Testament s__Testament__t 'A &%Certificate that describes how a persons property is to be distributed after the death of the person.' s__Bequeathing '(registeredItem ?DOCUMENT ?ITEM) means that the &%Text ?DOCUMENT contains an official record of the &%Physical thing ?ITEM. The registered item could be an object or an event, e.g., an automobile, a ship, a marriage, an adoption.' s__EducationalProgram__t 'A series of &%EducationalCourses that must be completed to receive an &%AcademicDegree or other &%Certificate. Note that an &%EducationalProgram, unlike an &%EducationalCourse, may be realized at more than one &%EducationalOrganization.' s__EducationalCourse s__EducationalCourse__t 'A schedule of class meetings offered by an &%EducationalOrganization.' s__SportsPlay s__SportsPlay__t 'A &%Plan for a &%Maneuver within a &%TeamSport.' s__School__t 'An &%EducationalOrganization with a curriculum, teachers, and students. Most &%Schools are housed in a &%Building dedicated to the &%EducationalOrganization.' s__PublicSchool s__PublicSchool__t 'A &%School which is financed primarily by taxes.' s__PrivateSchool s__PrivateSchool__t 'A &%School which is not publicly owned.' s__HighSchool s__HighSchool__t 'A &%School which admits &%students who have graduated from a middle school and which normally covers the ninth through twelfth grades. A &%HighSchool confers a high school diploma.' s__College s__SecondarySchool s__SecondarySchool__t 'A &%School which admits students who have graduated from a middle school and which normally covers the ninth through twelfth grades. A &%SecondarySchool confers a high school diploma.' s__VocationalSchool s__VocationalSchool__t 'Any &%School whose aim is to teach students an &%OccupationalTrade.' '(? [V__P,V__S,V__T] : (s__instance(V__T,s__Attribute) & s__instance(V__S,s__CognitiveAgent) & s__instance(V__P,s__Process) & s__instance(V__P,s__EducationalProcess) & s__eventLocated(V__P,V__VS) & s__student(V__S,V__VS) & s__experiencer(V__P,V__S) & s__instance(V__T,s__OccupationalTrade) & s__holdsDuring(s__EndFn(s__WhenFn(V__P)),s__attribute(V__S,V__T))))' s__PostSecondarySchool s__PostSecondarySchool__t s__JuniorCollege s__University 'The class of &%Schools that offer an associates degree or a bachelors degree.' s__JuniorCollege__t 'The class of &%PostSecondarySchools that offer an associates degree and do not offer a bachelors degree.' s__College__t 'A &%School which admits &%students who have graduated from high school and which confers a bachelors degree, normally requiring four years of study. Note that a &%College does not confer any graduate degrees. For institutions that confer both bachelors and graduate degrees, the concept &%University should be used.' s__University__t 'A &%School which admits &%students that have graduated from high school (known as undergraduate students) and &%students who have received a bachelors degree (known as graduate students). A &%University confers both bachelors and graduate degrees.' s__GraduateSchool s__GraduateSchool__t 'A &%School which is devoted to a specific subject area, which admits students that have a bachelors degree, which grants masters and/or doctorate degrees, and which is part of a &%University.' s__MedicalSchool s__MedicalSchool__t 'A &%GraduateSchool that is devoted to &%MedicalScience and that grants the degree of doctor of medicine.' s__ArtSchool s__ArtSchool__t 'Any &%School whose aim is to teach students how to create &%ArtWorks.' s__DaySchool s__DaySchool__t 'A &%School that does not board its students, i.e. students attend classes during the day and then return to a private residence for the night.' '(&%student ?AGENT ?ORG) means that ?AGENT is enrolled in the &%EducationalOrganization ?ORG.' '(&%teacher ?AGENT ?ORG) means that ?AGENT is a teacher at the &%EducationalOrganization ?ORG.' s__DriversLicense s__DriversLicense__t 'A &%License which identifies the holder and indicates that he has the right to drive a certain class of &%RoadVehicle.' '(? [V__D,V__V] : (s__instance(V__D,s__Process) & s__instance(V__D,s__Driving) & s__agent(V__D,V__A) & s__patient(V__D,V__V) & s__instance(V__V,s__RoadVehicle)))' s__InsurancePolicy s__InsurancePolicy__t 'A &%Certificate that states the terms of an insurance contract.' s__EconomicRelation s__EconomicRelation__t 'A class of &%Relations which are used to specify various economic measures, e.g. the GDP, the consumer price index, and the trade deficit.' s__LaborStriking s__LaborStriking__t 'A &%Process in which some or all of the employees of an &%Organization refuse to work until their pay is increased or their working conditions are improved in some respect.' s__EmploymentFiring s__EmploymentFiring__t 'Involuntarily ending ones employment. Note that this covers termination due to inadequate performance, as well as layoffs.' s__Resigning s__Resigning__t 'Voluntarily ending ones employment.' s__Retiring s__Retiring__t 'Voluntarily leaving employment at the end of ones career in order to take time off in the later years of ones life.' s__TransferringPosition s__TransferringPosition__t 'Any process within an &%Organization where a person is moved from one &%Position to another, e.g. the promotion or demotion of an employee.' s__monetaryWage__m '(&%monetaryWage ?ORG ?PERSON ?TIME ?MONEY) means that the &%Organization employs ?PERSON and pays him/her the amount of money ?MONEY per &%TimeDuration ?TIME.' s__GameArtifact s__GameArtifact__t s__GameBoard s__GamePiece 'An &%Artifact that is designed to be used as an &%instrument in a &%Game.' s__GameBoard__t 'A &%GameArtifact which is intended to be used as the game area for playing a particular game.' '(? [V__GAME] : (s__instance(V__GAME,s__Process) & s__instance(V__GAME,s__Game) & s__eventLocated(V__GAME,V__BOARD)))' s__GamePiece__t 'A &%GameArtifact that is moved around in a game area.' s__GameDie s__GameDie__t 'A small cube with 1 to 6 dots on each face that is used to generate numbers at random in a &%Game.' s__Ball 'Any &%GamePiece which has the shape of a sphere.' s__ShotBall s__ShotBall__t s__Ball__t 'A solid metal &%Ball that is used in the sport of shotput.' s__GameShot 'Impelling a &%GamePiece for the purpose of scoring a point or preventing the opposing player or team from scoring a point. Note that this class does not cover shots which are disallowed by the rules of the game.' s__Score s__Score__t 'A successful attempt to score a point in a &%Game.' s__GameGoal s__GameGoal__t 'The location where a &%GameShot must end up if it is to constitute a &%Score.' s__SportServe s__SportServe__t 'A &%GameShot which is part of a &%Sport and which serves to start the &%Sport, e.g. the beginning shot in &%Tennis, &%Badminton or &%Squash.' s__Throwing 'Any instance of &%Impelling where the &%instrument is an &%Arm.' s__Pitching s__Pitching__t s__Throwing__t s__GameShot__t '&%Throwing a &%Ball to the batter in a game of &%Baseball or softball.' s__Catching s__Catching__t 'Any &%Maneuver in a &%Game which results in a situation where the &%agent &%grasps the &%Ball.' s__Sign s__Sign__t s__DisplayArtifact__t s__DataDisplayDevice s__DataDisplayDevice__t 'A Sign is a &%DisplayArtifact that displays any range of information' 'Sign' s__PlayingCard s__PlayingCard__t 'A small piece of stiff paper with markings which is intended to be used for playing card games.' s__Stretching s__Stretching__t 'Moving two sides of an object in opposite directions so that the object becomes both longer and thinner.' s__Lengthening s__Accelerating s__Accelerating__t 'Increasing the speed with which someone or something is moving.' s__Decelerating s__Decelerating__t 'Decreasing the speed with which someone or something is moving.' s__Shortening s__Shortening__t 'Decreasing the length of something.' s__Flying s__Flying__t 'Any instance of &%Translocation which is through an &%AtmosphericRegion and which is powered by the wings of an &%Animal.' s__TakingOff s__TakingOff__t 'Any instance of &%Translocation which starts on something other than an &%AtmosphericRegion and which has an instance of &%Flying as a &%subProcess.' s__Landing s__Landing__t 'Any instance of &%Translocation which ends up on something other than an &%AtmosphericRegion and which has an instance of &%Flying as a &%subProcess.' s__Returning s__Returning__t 'Any instance of &%Translocation where the &%agent goes to a location where he/she had been before the &%Translocation took place.' s__Escaping s__Escaping__t 'Any instance of &%Translocation where the &%agent brings it about that he/she is no longer confined without having the right to do so.' s__Leaving s__Leaving__t 'The initial part of any instance of &%Translocation.' s__Arriving s__Arriving__t 'The final part of any instance of &%Translocation.' s__Immigrating s__Immigrating__t 'Any &%Translocation by a Human from one &%Nation to another &%Nation where the person is not a citizen for the purpose of taking up residence.' s__Boarding s__Boarding__t 'Getting on a &%Vehicle, e.g. getting into an &%Automobile, boarding an &%Aircraft, etc.' '(onboard ?OBJ ?VEHICLE) means that the &%SelfConnectedObject ?OBJ is inside the &%Vehicle ?VEHICLE.' s__Deboarding s__Deboarding__t 'Getting off a &%Vehicle, e.g. getting out of an Automobile, deplaning, getting off a &%WaterVehicle, etc.' s__Rotating '&%Motion that begins and ends at the same point, because the trajectory of the &%Motion is circular.' s__Tremor s__Tremor__t '&%Motion that involves rapidly &%Rotating between two positions.' '(axis ?A ?OBJ) means that a &%part ?A of an &%Object ?OBJ is the axis of rotation in a &%Rotating.' s__CentrifugalMotion s__CentrifugalMotion__t s__CentripetalMotion 'Any instance of &%Rotating where there is &%Motion away from the center of the &%Rotating.' s__CentripetalMotion__t s__Rotating__t 'Any instance of &%Rotating where there is &%Motion towards the center of the &%Rotating.' s__Reversing s__Reversing__t 'Moving something in such a way that its &%top becomes its &%bottom and vice versa.' '(s__top(V__TOP,V__OBJ) & s__bottom(V__BOTTOM,V__OBJ))' '(s__top(V__BOTTOM,V__OBJ) & s__bottom(V__TOP,V__OBJ))' s__Dripping s__Dripping__t 'Any &%LiquidMotion where the &%Liquid is moved drop by drop.' s__Stirring s__Stirring__t 'Any instance of &%LiquidMotion which is also an instance of &%Combining two or more &%Liquids.' s__Pouring s__Pouring__t 'Any instance of &%Transfer from one &%Container to another, where the thing transferred is a &%Liquid.' s__WaterWave s__WaterWave__t 'A &%WaterWave is a raised ridge of water moving along the surface of a body of water. The &%WaterWave moves in a direction approximately transverse to the crest line of the wave. The &%patient of the &%WaterWave is successive regions of water, which do not travel in the direction of the wave or with it.' '(&%waterDepth ?AREA ?LENGTH) means that the depth of water at the &%Region ?AREA is ?LENGTH.' s__Flooding s__Flooding__t 'Flooding is the subclass of &%LiquidMotion processes in which the water level of a &%Waterway rises or water spreads over a flood plain along a &%Waterway.' s__Spraying s__Spraying__t 'Any instance of &%Transfer of a &%Liquid which is accomplished by converting the &%Liquid into a mist.' s__Pulling__t '&%Pulling describe the exertion of force so as to cause or tend to cause motion towards the agent.' s__Submarine s__Submarine__t 'A &%WaterVehicle which is capable of travelling under the water level by filling tanks with water.' s__AirTransportation s__AirTransportation__t 'Any instance of &%Transportation where the &%instrument is an &%Aircraft and which is through an &%AtmosphericRegion.' s__SpaceTransportation s__SpaceTransportation__t 'Any instance of &%Transportation where the &%instrument is a &%Spacecraft and which is through a &%SpaceRegion.' s__Spacecraft s__Spacecraft__t 'Any &%Vehicle which is capable of &%SpaceTransportation.' s__Rocket 'A &%Spacecraft which has the shape of a cylinder with a cone on top and which is powered by a jet engine.' s__Missile s__Missile__t s__SelfPoweredDevice__t 'A &%Projectile which is propelled by a rocket and contains a &%Bomb.' s__Bomb s__BallisticMissile s__BallisticMissile__t 'A &%Missile which is guided for the first stage of its flight but then falls to its target for the second stage.' s__WaterTransportation s__WaterTransportation__t 'Any instance of &%Transportation where the &%instrument is a &%WaterVehicle.' s__Rowing s__Rowing__t 'Any instance of &%WaterTransportation where the instrument is an &%Oar that is manually powered.' s__LandTransportation s__LandTransportation__t 'Any instance of &%Transportation where the &%instrument is a &%LandVehicle.' s__TransportViaRoadVehicle s__TransportViaRoadVehicle__t '&%TransportViaRoadVehicle is the class of &%Transportation events in which the &%instrument is an instance of &%RoadVehicle.' s__FlyingAircraft s__FlyingAircraft__t 'Controlling the direction, speed, and altitude of an &%Aircraft' 'Flying' 'Any Vehicle which is capable of AirTransportation. Note that this class covers both fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters.' s__Helicopter s__Helicopter__t s__Aircraft__t 'Any &%Aircraft with rapidly rotating wings.' s__MilitaryArtifact__t 'Any &%Artifact which is made for a &%MilitaryOrganization.' '(? [V__O] : (s__instance(V__O,s__Agent) & s__instance(V__O,s__MilitaryOrganization) & s__uses(V__A,V__O)))' s__ExplosiveDevice 'A &%Device whose purpose is to explode. Note that &%ExplosiveDevice is not a subclass of &%Weapon, since explosives can be used in demolition work and in fireworks displays, for example.' '(? [V__E,V__D] : (s__instance(V__D,s__Process) & s__instance(V__E,s__Process) & s__instance(V__E,s__Explosion) & s__instrument(V__E,V__ED) & s__causes(V__E,V__D) & s__instance(V__D,s__Damaging)))' s__ExplosiveMine s__ExplosiveMine__t 'An &%ExplosiveDevice which is designed to explode when there is movement over it, e.g. by a person on foot, by a &%RoadVehicle, etc.' s__ExplosiveSubstance s__ExplosiveSubstance__t 'Any &%Substance which is capable of exploding.' s__Driveway s__Driveway__t 'A small, private &%Roadway that is used for parking &%Automobiles or for connecting a &%Garage to a public &%Roadway.' s__OperatingFn__m '(&%OperatingFn ?DEVICE) denotes the class of events in which a &%Device of type ?device is operated.' s__Installing s__Installing__t '&%Putting a &%Device in a location and configuring the &%Device so that it can be used as intended after the installation.' s__Rock s__Rock__t '&%Rock is any naturally formed aggregate of one or more minerals, consolidated or not, with some degree of mineralogic and chemical constancy, in popular use the term is usually restricted to those aggregates that are hard, compact, and coherent.' s__Soil s__Soil__t '&%Soil is a substance composed of fine rock material disintegrated by geological processes, mixed with humus, the organic remains of decomposed vegetation.' s__Humus s__Clay__t 'Fine-grained soil consisting of mineral particles, not necessarily clay minerals, that are less than 0.002 mm in their maximum dimension.' "0.0002" s__Humus__t '&%Humus is decaying organic matter found in &%Soil and derived from dead animal and plant material.' s__Burying s__Burying__t s__Digging s__Digging__t 'Putting something in the ground and then covering it with &%Soil.' 'Any &%Process of removing or turning over the &%Soil.' s__Tilling 'Any &%Process of &%Digging, e.g. breaking and turning over &%Soil that facilitates &%Agriculture.' s__Tilling__t s__Entombing s__Entombing__t 'More commonly known as burying, this is the class of processes of putting a &%HumanCorpse into a Tomb. Note that this class is not a subclass of &%Burying, since some &%Tombs are not covered with &%Soil, e.g. those in a mausoleum.' s__MovingResidence s__MovingResidence__t 'The process of changing ones residence, i.e. moving ones belongs to a new &%home.' s__Harvesting s__Harvesting__t 'Gathering the plant results of &%Agriculture.' s__Drilling s__Drilling__t 'Any &%Process of producing a &%hole in a &%SelfConnectedObject which involves rotating a long, thin bit.' s__Drill s__CuttingDevice s__Drill__t s__CuttingDevice__t 'A &%Device that has the purpose of creating a &%Hole. This covers manual drills as well as electric or pneumatic drills.' '(? [V__E,V__H] : (s__instance(V__E,s__Process) & s__instance(V__E,s__Cutting) & s__instance(V__H,s__Hole) & s__result(V__E,V__H) & s__instrument(V__E,V__D)))' s__Memorizing s__Memorizing__t 'The process of committing a &%Text to memory.' s__Imagining 'Forming a mental picture of something which is not present.' s__Dreaming s__Dreaming__t s__Imagining__t 'A &%Process of producing metal images which occurs while one is &%Asleep.' s__Frightening s__Frightening__t 'Any &%PsychologicalProcess where the &%patient comes to feel &%Anxiety.' s__Execution s__Execution__t '&%Killing of a &%Human by a &%Government for the commission of a &%CriminalAction.' s__Suicide s__Suicide__t 'Any instance of &%Killing where the &%agent and the &%experiencer are identical.' s__Trespassing s__Trespassing__t 'Entering property that does not belong to one and without the permission of the owner of the property.' s__Murder s__Murder__t 'Impermissible &%Killing of a &%Human.' s__Suffocating '&%Killing someone by asphyxiation, i.e. by depriving them of &%Oxygen.' '(s__experiencer(V__S,V__P) & (~ (? [V__B] : (s__instance(V__B,s__Process) & s__instance(V__B,s__Breathing) & s__experiencer(V__B,V__P)))))' s__Hanging s__Hanging__t s__Suffocating__t 'Suffocating someone by suspending him/her from a rope wound around the neck until asphyxiation occurs.' s__Starving s__Starving__t '&%Killing someone by depriving them of food.' s__MusicalConducting 'An &%instance of &%MusicalConducting is a &%Guiding in which the patient (entity guided) is a &%Musician or a &%MusicalGroup.' s__OrchestralConducting s__OrchestralConducting__t s__MusicalConducting__t '&%OrchestralConducting is a type of &%MusicalConducting where the patient is an &%Orchestra.' s__Orchestra s__MusicalGroup 'A &%GroupOfPeople that create &%MakingMusic together.' s__Orchestra__t s__MusicalGroup__t 'A &%GroupOfPeople that create &%MakingInstrumentalMusic together.' '(? [V__MUSIC] : (s__instance(V__MUSIC,s__Process) & s__instance(V__MUSIC,s__MakingInstrumentalMusic) & s__agent(V__MUSIC,V__ORCHESTRA)))' s__DramaticDirecting s__DramaticDirecting__t 'The process of directing a &%DramaticActing in a &%MotionPicture or the &%Performance of a &%DramaticPlay.' s__Sharing s__Sharing__t 'The subclass of &%ChangeOfPossession where a &%properPart of the &%patient is given by the &%agent or the &%destination.' s__Stealing s__Stealing__t 'Any &%UnilateralGetting which is not permitted by the &%origin of the &%UnilateralGetting. These cases of &%UnilateralGetting are distinguished from ones where the &%destination is the subject of charity or other forms of benefaction.' s__Robbing 'Any instance of &%Stealing which involves the threat of the use of force.' '(? [V__A] : (s__instance(V__A,s__Process) & s__instance(V__T,s__Process) & s__instance(V__A,s__Attack) & s__agent(V__A,V__P) & s__patient(V__A,V__P2)))' s__Inheriting s__Inheriting__t 'Any &%UnilateralGetting where the &%agent receives some part of the property of a person upon the death of the person.' s__Awarding s__Awarding__t '&%Giving to any &%Agent for doing some &%Process.' awarding '(hasAward ?RECIPIENT ?AWARD) means the &%Agent ?RECIPIENT recieved the &%Object ?AWARD as an award for some action they did.' 'has award' s__Bequeathing__t 'Any &%UnilateralGiving where the agent wills some part of his/her property to someone else upon his/her death.' s__SeizingProperty s__SeizingProperty__t 'Any instance of &%UnilateralGetting which is done by a &%Government and which is not permitted by the origin of the &%UnilateralGetting.' s__FullTimePosition s__PartTimePosition s__FullTimePosition__t 'Any &%Position where the employee is either salaried or paid for at least 40 hour of work per week.' 'Any &%Position where the employee is not salaried and is paid for less than 40 hours of work per week.' s__CollegeFreshman s__CollegeStudentPosition s__CollegeStudentPosition__t 'The &%Positions of a student at a &%PostSecondarySchool who has completed less than one year at the school.' s__CollegeJunior 'The &%Positions of a student at a &%PostSecondarySchool who has completed at least two years and less than three years at the school.' s__CollegeSenior 'The &%Positions of a student at a &%PostSecondarySchool who has completed at least three years and less than four years at the school.' s__CollegeSophomore 'The &%Positions of a student at a &%PostSecondarySchool who has completed at least one year and less than two years at the school.' 'Any &%Position at a &%PostSecondarySchool which is occupied exclusively by students.' s__Comedian s__EntertainmentProfession s__EntertainmentProfession__t '&%Positions which involve performing stand-up comedy, which is recorded and/or performed in front of live audiences.' s__Treasurer 'Any &%SkilledOccupation which involves receiving and disbursing money.' s__SalesPosition s__SalesPosition__t 'Any &%Position which involves &%Selling or trying to sell items.' s__ClericalSecretary 'The class of &%Positions where the position holder is responsible for clerical duties, e.g. typing documents, answering phones, keeping schedules, etc.' 'Any &%Position which involves working as a waiter or servant, either for an &%Organization (e.g. a restaurant) or for a person or family.' s__Dentist 'The &%Profession of being a dentist, i.e. diagnosing and treating problems related to the teeth.' s__Pharmacist 'The &%Profession of being a pharmacist, i.e. preparing and dispensing &%BiologicallyActiveSubstances.' s__Researcher 'The &%Profession of being a scientific researcher.' s__Science s__Teacher s__Profession__t 'The &%Profession of being a teacher.' 'Positions which involve creating content or performances that are intended to entertain. This class covers the &%TheaterProfession, &%FilmMakingProfession, being a comedian, etc.' s__SportsPosition s__SportsPosition__t 'A &%Position which is filled by someone on a &%SportsTeam and which represents the role played by the person on the team.' 'Any &%Profession where the position occupied is within a &%GovernmentOrganization.' s__Journalist 'The &%Profession of being a news reporter, i.e. investigating and reporting, in a publication or broadcast program, current events.' s__ModellingPosition s__ModellingPosition__t 'Any &%Position which involves posing for an artist or photographer.' 'This &%Attribute describes someone serving in the armed forces of a &%Nation.' s__ConfederateSoldier 'This &%Attribute describes a &%Soldier who served on the Confederate side during the American Civil War.' s__Sailor 'The class of &%Positions which involve working on a ship, whether a merchant ship or a navy ship.' s__ShipCaptain 'The class of &%Positions which involve the command of a ship.' s__ShipOfficer 'The class of &%Sailors which have a position of responsibility on a &%Ship.' s__ShipMate 'The class of &%Positions that involve some responsibility on a ship and are lower in rank than &%ShipCaptain.' s__MilitaryPrivate s__GovernmentPosition__t 'This &%Attribute describes an enlisted &%Soldier of the lowest rank.' s__MilitaryOfficer 'This &%Attribute describes a &%Soldier who has command authority.' s__MilitaryGeneral '&%MilitaryGeneral is a generic &%Position that indicates holding (or having held) the rank of General in some military force. An indicator that someone uses the title, without committing to his or her exact rank or military affiliation.' s__MajorGeneral 'A &%MilitaryGeneral that ranks above a &%BrigadierGeneral.' s__BrigadierGeneral 'A &%MilitaryGeneral that ranks below a &%MajorGeneral.' s__Lieutenant 'A commissioned &%MilitaryOfficer.' s__CaptainOfficer 'A commissioned &%MilitaryOfficer who ranks above a &%Lieutenant but below a &%MajorOfficer.' s__Colonel 'A commissioned &%MilitaryOfficer who ranks above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general.' s__Sergeant 'A noncomissioned &%MilitaryOfficer.' s__Corporal s__CenturyDuration 'The &%TimeDuration of 100 years.' s__DecadeDuration 'The &%TimeDuration of 10 years.' "10" 'English unit of length, equal to 3 &%FeetLength.' s__NightTime s__NightTime__t 'The class of &%TimeIntervals that begin at &%Sunset and end at &%Sunrise.' s__DayTime s__Sunrise s__Sunset 'The class of &%TimeIntervals that begin at &%Sunrise and end at &%Sunset.' s__Morning s__Morning__t s__DayTime__t 'The class of &%TimeIntervals that begin at &%Sunrise and end at noon.' s__AnteMeridiem s__AnteMeridiem__t 'The class of &%TimeIntervals that begin at midnight and end at noon.' s__PostMeridiem s__PostMeridiem__t 'The class of &%TimeIntervals that begin at noon and end at midnight.' s__Afternoon s__Afternoon__t 'The class of &%TimeIntervals that begin at noon and end at &%Sunset.' s__Sunrise__t 'The &%TimeInterval of each &%Day when the sun is rising and is partially overlapped by the horizon line.' s__Sunset__t 'The &%TimeInterval of each &%Day when the sun is setting and is partially overlapped by the horizon line.' s__Weekend s__Weekend__t 'Any &%Saturday and &%Sunday which are contiguous.' s__SeasonOfYear s__WinterSeason s__SpringSeason s__SummerSeason s__FallSeason '&%SeasonOfYear is the class of four seasons correlated with the calendar &%Year and associated with changes in the length of daylight and with overall temperature changes. Depending upon the &%GeographicArea, a &%SeasonOfYear may also be associated with weather patterns (e.g., rainy, dry, windy). The characteristics of seasons (cold vs. hot temperatures, long vs. short days) are reversed from the &%NorthernHemisphere to the &%SouthernHemisphere.' s__WinterSeason__t 'The &%SeasonOfYear that begins at the winter solstice and ends at the spring equinox.' s__SpringSeason__t 'The &%SeasonOfYear that begins at the spring equinox and ends at the summer solstice. &%SpringSeason is the class of &%TimeIntervals associated with the calendar months of &%March through &%May.' s__SummerSeason__t 'The &%SeasonOfYear that begins at the summer solstice and ends at the autumnal equinox.' s__FallSeason__t s__SeasonOfYear__t 'The &%SeasonOfYear that begins at the autumnal equinox and ends at the winter solstice.' s__Upstairs 'A &%PositionalAttribute to indicate that one thing is one or more floors above a second thing in the same building.' s__Downstairs 'A &%PositionalAttribute to indicate that one thing is one or more floors below a second thing in the same building.' s__LinguisticAttribute s__LinguisticAttribute__t 'Any &%Attribute that is expressed by a &%Language or class of &%Languages.' s__Happiness 'The state of being happy, experiencing pleasure, joy or contentment. Note that this &%Attribute covers both active enjoyment, as well as the emotional state of simply being free from anxiety or fear.' s__Satisfaction 'The state of being happy about a state of affairs that occurred in the past. In cases where that state of affairs is the product of ones own doing, this is known as pride.' s__Tranquility s__Anxiety 'The state of being free from &%Anxiety.' s__Unhappiness 'The state of being unhappy, experiencing pain, sorrow or unease.' s__Excitement 'The state of being happy about a state of affairs that might occur in the future.' 'The state of being worried, troubled or uneasy.' s__Anger 'The state of being wrathful, irate or indignant.' s__Pain 'A physical sensation of discomfort which can vary widely in intensity.' s__Headache '&%Pain that that is restricted to the &%Head.' s__Surprise 'The &%EmotionalState that one experiences when something unexpected and of significance occurs.' s__SecondaryColor s__SecondaryColor__t 'A color that is the product of mixing together two or more &%PrimaryColors.' s__GrayColor 'A &%SecondaryColor that results from mixing &%Black and &%White.' s__Pink 'A &%SecondaryColor that results from mixing &%Red and &%White.' s__Brown 'A &%SecondaryColor that resembles the color of wood or of soil.' s__OrangeColor 'A &%SecondaryColor that results from mixing &%Red and &%Yellow and resembles the color of a ripe orange fruit.' s__Green 'A &%SecondaryColor that resembles the color of fresh grass.' s__Purple 'A &%SecondaryColor that results from mixing &%Red and &%Blue.' s__LineFormation 'A &%ShapeAttribute that applies to &%Collections and indicates that all of the &%members of the &%Collection are arrayed in a line, i.e. each &%member (except possibly the first) is behind or to the side of exactly one other &%member.' s__Stressed 'A &%SoundAttribute of &%Syllables. It denotes the quality of being emphasized over the other &%Syllables in the same &%Word.' s__Syllable s__Syllable__t 'A sequence of &%Characters from the same &%Word that denote a single sound.' s__AlphabeticCharacter 'Any &%Character that is comprised of a single alphabetical character, e.g. A, B, C, D, ...' s__DigitCharacter s__DigitCharacter__t 'Any &%Character that is comprised of a single digit, i.e. one of the numerals 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.' s__Consonant s__Consonant__t 'An &%AlphabeticCharacter that denotes a speech sound that results in audible friction when it is pronounced.' s__Vowel s__Vowel__t s__AlphabeticCharacter__t 'An &%AlphabeticCharacter that denotes a speech sound that does not result in audible friction when it is pronounced.' s__Lost s__Won 'The &%ContestAttribute that applies to a &%Contest participant who has lost the &%Contest.' 'The &%ContestAttribute that applies to a &%Contest participant who has won the &%Contest.' s__TieScore 'The &%ContestAttribute that applies to all &%contestParticipants in a &%Contest when none of them have &%Won or &%Lost the &%Contest.' s__GameAttribute 'Any &%ContestAttribute that is specific to a &%Game.' s__SportsAttribute s__SportsAttribute__t s__GameAttribute__t 'Any &%GameAttribute that is specific to a &%Sport.' s__Foul 'A &%SportsAttribute that indicates that the &%GamePiece of a &%Sport is no longer in play because it has gone beyond the limits of the sports field.' s__SportsOut 'A &%SportsAttribute that indicates that a player in a &%Sport can no longer compete because he has been tagged with the &%GamePiece.' s__PoliticoEconomicAttribute s__PoliticoEconomicAttribute__t s__EconomicAttribute 'Any &%Attribute of a &%Government which specifies some aspect of the political or economic system of the &%Government.' s__EconomicAttribute__t '&%EconomicAttribute is the class of terms including all &%Attributes used to characterize the economic systems or development levels of &%Nations or dependent &%GeopoliticalAreas.' s__FormOfGovernment__t '&%FormOfGovernment is a class of &%Attributes used to describe the characteristics of a government, especially a &%NationalGovernment. The concept &%FormOfGovernment is interpreted broadly enough to include &%Anarchy and &%Factionalism.' s__ChemicalReduction s__ChemicalReduction__t s__Oxidation 'Any &%ChemicalProcess where &%Electrons are added to the substance undergoing the &%ChemicalProcess.' s__Oxidation__t 'Any &%ChemicalProcess where &%Electrons are removed from the substance undergoing the &%ChemicalProcess.' s__Dialysis s__Dialysis__t 'Any process of &%Separating a &%Solution into two or more constituent &%PureSubstances by means of their unequal diffusion through membranes that are partially permeable.' s__Diluting s__Diluting__t 'Adding a &%Liquid to a &%Solution to decrease the concentration of the &%Solution.' s__ChemicalEquilibrium 'The &%Attribute of being in a chemically stable state, i.e. the relative proportions of &%resources and &%results will not longer change.' s__Chromatography s__Chromatography__t '&%Processes of &%Separating a &%LiquidMixture or a &%GasMixture into some or all of the &%PureSubstances that comprise it.' s__BreakabilityAttribute 'A subclass of &%Attributes for characterizing the breakability of &%CorpuscularObjects.' s__Fragile 'An &%Attribute which indicates that the associated &%Object is very breakable.' s__Unbreakable s__BreakabilityAttribute__t 'An &%Attribute which indicates that the associated &%Object cannot be broken under normal usage conditions.' '(&%contestParticipant ?CONTEST ?AGENT) means that ?AGENT is one of the sides in the &%Contest ?CONTEST. For example, if the ?CONTEST is a football game, then ?AGENT would be one of the opposing teams. For another example, if ?CONTEST is a &%Battle, then ?AGENT would be one of the sides fighting each other.' s__CivilWar s__CivilWar__t 'A &%War in which the fighting &%GeopoliticalAreas are both part of the same &%Nation.' s__Debating s__Debating__t 'A &%Contest where each participant holds a different view regarding some issue, and each participant attempts to prove, by rhetoric or evidence, that his/her own views about a particular matter are correct and/or that the views of the other participants are incorrect.' s__Negotiating s__Negotiating__t 'A &%Contest where each participant attempts to maximize his self-interest in a &%Promise that marks the end of the &%Contest.' '(? [V__COMMIT] : (s__instance(V__COMMIT,s__Process) & s__instance(V__COMMIT,s__Committing) & s__subProcess(V__COMMIT,V__NEGOTIATE) & s__finishes(s__WhenFn(V__COMMIT),s__WhenFn(V__NEGOTIATE))))' s__BusinessCompetition s__BusinessCompetition__t 'Any &%Contest where the &%contestParticipants are &%Corporations and the aim is to win as many customers as possible.' s__VisualAcuityAttribute s__VisualAcuityAttribute__t 'The &%BiologicalAttributes in this &%Class describe the visual capabilities of an &%Organism.' s__ColorBlind 'This &%VisualAcuityAttribute describes an &%Organism that is unable to perceive a distinction in color between certain wavelength ranges within the larger range of typically visible electro-magnetic radiation (light). Among &%Humans, there are several forms and degrees of color blindness. Color blindness is generally considered to be a mild to moderate disability among &%Humans, but individuals with certain types of color blindness excel at some visual pattern recognition tasks, and its not clear that the condition should be considered a &%DiseaseOrSyndrome.' s__Disability '&%Disability is a class of &%DiseaseOrSyndrome that describes impairments, activity limitations or participation restriction that may be physical, cognitive, mental, sensory, emotional, developmental or some combination' disability s__PhysicalDisability s__PhysicalDisability__t '&%PhysicalDisability is any impairment that limits the physical function of limbs or fine or gross motor ability, or limit the facets of daily living' 'physical disability' s__SensoryDisability s__SensoryDisability__t s__Disability__t '&%SensoryDisability is any impairement of one of the five senses' 'sensory disability' s__Blind 'The &%Attribute that applies to &%Animals and &%Humans that are unable to see.' s__Deaf 'The &%Attribute that applies to &%Animals and &%Humans that are unable to hear.' s__Hungry 'The &%Attribute that applies to &%Animals and &%Humans when they want food.' '(? [V__E] : (s__instance(V__E,s__Process) & s__instance(V__E,s__Eating) & s__agent(V__E,V__A)))' s__Pregnant 'The &%Attribute that applies to &%Female &%Animals and &%Humans that have an embryo or fetus growing inside of them as the result of having one of the &%Females &%Eggs fertilized.' s__Puberty 'The &%DevelopmentalAttribute of having functional sex glands which are not fully mature.' 'The &%BodyPosition of having the fingers drawn into the palm so that the hand can be used for striking something.' s__LyingDown s__LyingDown__t 'The &%BodyMotion of moving from a &%Sitting to a &%Prostrate position.' s__Handstand 'The &%BodyPosition where one rests on ones hands and extends ones feet in the air.' s__Kneeling 'The &%BodyPosition of resting ones weight on ones &%Knees.' s__Splitting 'The &%BodyPosition of extending ones &%Legs at right angles to ones &%Torso.' s__Squatting '&%Sitting on ones heels.' s__SittingDown s__SittingDown__t 'The &%BodyMotion of moving from a &%Standing to a &%Sitting position.' s__StandingUp s__StandingUp__t 'The &%BodyMotion of moving from a &%Sitting to a &%Standing position.' s__EyeMotion 'Any &%Motion where a patient is the agents own &%Eyelid or &%Eyelids.' s__OpeningEyes s__OpeningEyes__t s__ClosingEyes 'The &%BodyMotion of relaxing the eye lids so that the corneas are exposed to light.' s__EyeMotion__t s__Closing__t 'The &%EyeMotion of tensing the eye lids so that the corneas are not exposed to light.' s__Winking s__Winking__t s__ClosingEyes__t 'Any instance of &%ClosingEyes which is intended to express something to someone else.' s__Shrugging s__Shrugging__t 'Moving the &%Shoulders in such a way that the motion is intended to express something to someone else.' s__Trembling s__Trembling__t 'Any &%BodyMotion which is involuntary and which is repeated many times over a short time frame, e.g. a tremor in the hands, shivering etc.' s__ReflexiveProcess s__ReflexiveProcess__t 'Any &%Muscle reaction which is a response to a specific stimulus and which does not reach the level of consciousness.' s__Dismounting s__Dismounting__t 'Any &%BodyMotion which results in not being &%On something else.' s__DomesticAnimal 'Any &%Animal that is kept by a &%Human, as a pet, as livestock, for exhibition, etc.' s__Fodder s__Fodder__t '&%Fodder is the class of &%OrganicObjects that is used as food for &%DomesticAnimals.' '(? [V__ANIMAL,V__EAT] : (s__instance(V__EAT,s__Process) & s__instance(V__ANIMAL,s__Agent) & s__instance(V__ANIMAL,s__DomesticAnimal) & s__instance(V__EAT,s__Eating) & s__agent(V__EAT,V__ANIMAL) & s__patient(V__EAT,V__FEED)))' s__Herbivore 'A plant-eating &%Mammal.' s__Antelope s__Antelope__t 'A &%HoofedMammal with long legs and backward-facing horns. This class includes gazelles, addax, blackbucks, etc.' s__Buffalo s__Buffalo__t 'A &%HoofedMammal with long hair whose habitat is the plains of &%NorthAmerica.' s__DomesticCat s__DomesticCat__t s__DomesticAnimal__t 'A variety of &%Feline which has been domesticated by selective breeding.' s__DomesticDog s__DomesticDog__t 'Canines which have evolved from the common wolf by selective breeding.' s__Fox s__Fox__t '&%Canines with a bushy tail and pointed ears and nose. &%Foxes tend to be much smaller than most &%DomesticDogs.' s__Elephant s__Elephant__t s__Herbivore__t 'A very large, almost hairless &%Herbivore with a long trunk.' s__Goat 'A domesticated &%HoofedMammal that is raised primarily for &%Milk.' s__Horse__t 'A domesticated &%HoofedMammal that is used for transportation and work.' s__Pig s__Pig__t 'A domesticated &%HoofedMammal that is raised for pork.' s__Donkey s__Donkey__t 'A domesticated &%HoofedMammal that is used for work.' s__Gastropod s__Gastropod__t 'A &%Mollusk with a distinct head that has no shell (e.g. slugs) or a univalve shell (e.g. snails).' s__Mule s__Mule__t 'The product of a &%Male &%Donkey and a &%Female &%Horse. &%Mules are always sterile.' s__Sheep__t 'A domesticated &%HoofedMammal that is bred for its wool and for its meat (known as mutton).' s__Lamb s__Lamb__t 'A young &%Sheep, i.e. a &%Sheep that is &%NonFullyFormed.' s__Cow s__Cow__t 'A domesticated &%HoofedMammal that is raised for milk and beef, and is also used for work.' s__Calf s__Calf__t 'A young &%Cow, i.e. a &%Cow that is &%NonFullyFormed.' s__Bull s__Bull__t 'A &%Cow that is &%Male.' s__FemaleCow s__FemaleCow__t 'A &%Cow that is &%Female.' s__Poultry s__Poultry__t s__Chicken 'A subclass of &%Bird that is raised for its meat and for its eggs.' s__Hen s__Hen__t s__Chicken__t 'A &%Female &%Chicken.' s__Rooster s__Rooster__t 'A &%Male &%Chicken.' s__Duck 'A subclass of &%Bird with webbed feet and a large bill. Some ducks live in the wild, and some are raised for meat and/or eggs.' s__Duck__t s__Goose s__Goose__t 'A subclass of &%Bird with webbed feet and a long neck and a large body. These &%Birds are often raised for their &%Meat.' s__Owl s__Owl__t 'A nocturnal bird of prey with a large head and forward-facing eyes.' s__Pigeon s__Pigeon__t 'A subclass of &%Bird with a stout body and short legs.' s__Vulture s__Vulture__t 'A diurnal bird of prey with a bald head that feeds on carrion.' s__Feather s__Feather__t 'Each instance of this class is one of the structures that make up the external covering of &%Birds.' '(&%meatOfAnimal ?MEATCLASS ?ANIMALCLASS) means that every instance of ?MEATCLASS was once part of some instance of ?ANIMALCLASS.' s__Beef s__Beef__t '&%Meat that was originally part of a &%Cow.' s__ChickenMeat '&%Meat that was originally part of a &%Chicken.' s__ChickenMeat__t s__Pork s__Pork__t '&%Meat that was originally part of a &%Pig.' s__Mouse s__Mouse__t 'A &%Rodent that has a hairless tail like a rat but that is smaller than a &%Rat.' s__Rat s__Rat__t 'A &%Rodent that has a hairless tail like a &%Mouse but that is larger than a &%Mouse.' s__Rabbit s__Rabbit__t 'A burrowing &%Rodent with a short tail and long ears.' s__Squirrel s__Squirrel__t 'A tree-dwelling &%Rodent with a bushy tail.' s__Hay s__Hay__t '&%Grass that has been cut and cured for use as &%Fodder.' s__Copying s__Copying__t '&%Making a &%copy of something.' s__Vacationing s__Vacationing__t 'Taking time off from &%Working.' s__Working s__OccupationFn__m '(OccupationFn ?PROCESS) denotes the subclass of ?PROCESS where instances of ?PROCESS are performed as ones occupation, i.e. as part of a &%FinancialTransaction where one earns money for the performance of ?PROCESS.' '(occupation ?PERSON ?TYPE) means that the occupation of ?PERSON is ?TYPE. This predicate is most often used in combination with the function &%OccupationFn, e.g. (&%occupation PoliceOfficerWilkins (&%OccupationFn &%LawEnforcement)).' s__Working__t 'Any &%FinancialTransaction where someone exchanges his/her labor for an instance of &%CurrencyMeasure.' s__Farming s__Farming__t 'Operating a farm, e.g. planting and harvesting crops, tending livestock, etc.' s__Serving s__Serving__t 'Working as a waiter or servant, either for an &%Organization (e.g. a &%Restaurant) or for a person or family.' s__Sales s__Sales__t 'Any instance of &%Working that involves &%Selling or trying to sell items.' s__Retired 'Voluntary unemployment toward the end of ones life.' s__Housewife 'A role occupied by a wife who manages the home while her husband earns income for the family.' s__Waiter '&%Waiter refers to the &%ServicePosition present in &%Restaurant that brings food from the kitchen to the customers table' waiter '(s__instance(V__C,s__Carrying) & s__agent(V__C,V__X) & s__origin(V__C,V__KITCHEN) & s__destination(V__C,V__TABLE) & s__patient(V__C,V__FOOD) & s__instance(V__FOOD,s__FoodForFn(s__Human)))' s__Maid s__ServicePosition__t 'This &%Attribute describes a &%Woman who works in a &%ServicePosition that entails performing various domestic tasks (cleaning, cooking, child care) for an individual or family over an extended period of time, typically months or years.' s__Janitor s__Janitor__t 'Any &%Position which involves cleaning a &%Building or some of the &%Rooms within a &%Building.' s__TheaterProfession s__TheaterProfession__t 'Instances of this &%Class describe the &%Positions of people whose work involves putting on plays (theatrical performanes).' s__FilmDirector s__FilmMakingProfession 'A &%Position that describes a person who directs &%MotionPictures as a profession.' s__FilmMaking s__FilmMaking__t '&%ContentDevelopment where the result is a &%MotionPicture.' s__FilmMakingProfession__t '&%Positions which involve &%FilmMaking, i.e. acting in films, directing films, producing films, etc.' s__FilmProducer 'A &%Position that describes a person who produces &%MotionPictures as a profession, i.e., who arranges the financing for a &%MotionPicture and supervises its production.' s__Coach 'Any occupation that involves training an athlete or a sports team.' s__GameReferee 'This &%Attribute describes a person who adjudicates &%Maneuvers in a &%Game, i.e., who decides whether or not the &%Maneuvers are permitted by the rules of the &%Game.' s__Carpenter s__OccupationalTrade__t 'Any occupation that involves creating and repairing structural and decorative portions of &%Buildings that are made chiefly of &%Wood. This does not include plumbing, roofing, electrical, foundation and site work.' s__Carpentry s__Carpentry__t '&%Making &%Buildings out of &%Wood.' '(constructionPeriod ?OBJECT ?INTERVAL) means that some &%StationaryArtifact ?OBJECT was built over &%TimeInterval ?INTERVAL' 'construction period' '(? [V__CONSTRUCTING] : (s__instance(V__CONSTRUCTING,s__Process) & s__instance(V__CONSTRUCTING,s__Constructing) & s__result(V__CONSTRUCTING,V__OBJECT)))' '(contractor ?BUILDING ?AGENT) means that some &%Agent ?AGENT has a contract with another ?AGENT to build a &%StationaryArtifact for the agent.' '(? [V__CONSTRUCT,V__BUILDING] : (s__instance(V__CONSTRUCT,s__Process) & s__instance(V__AGENT,s__CognitiveAgent) & s__instance(V__CONTRACT,s__Agreement) & s__instance(V__CONSTRUCT,s__Constructing) & s__agent(V__CONSTRUCT,V__CONTRACTOR) & s__result(V__CONSTRUCT,V__BUILDING) & s__instance(V__BUILDING,s__StationaryArtifact)))' s__Agriculture__t '&%Agriculture is a class of &%Processes in which land, plants, or animals are cultivated in order to produce food or other organic products.' s__FarmHand '&%OccupationalTrades which involve &%Agriculture.' s__Plumber 'Any occupation that involves installing, repairing, and replacing pipes and pipe fixtures.' s__Potter 'Any occupation that involves the creation of &%Pottery.' s__ReligiousPosition 'Any &%Position within a &%ReligousOrganization.' s__Cleric s__ReligiousPosition__t 'The profession of being in charge of or ministering to a &%ReligousOrganization.' s__Deacon s__PartTimePosition__t 'Any &%Position within a &%ReligiousOrganization that is held by a layman, which is part-time, and which involves assisting a &%Cleric.' '(s__occupiesPosition(V__PERSON,s__Deacon,V__ORG) & s__instance(V__ORG,s__ReligiousOrganization))' '(s__occupiesPosition(V__C,s__Cleric,V__ORG) & s__subordinateInOrganization(V__ORG,V__PERSON,V__C))' s__PoliceOfficer 'The profession of being a police officer, i.e. working for a law enforcement agency that is part of a &%Government.' s__PoliceCaptain 'A &%PoliceOfficer who is in charge of a precinct.' s__PoliceSergeant 'A &%PoliceOfficer with the rank of sergeant.' s__Sheriff 'A &%PoliceOfficer whose jurisdiction is a &%County.' s__Marshal 'A &%PoliceOfficer whose responsibility is to enforce the decisions of a law court.' s__Deputy 'A &%Position which authorizes the holder of the position to act as the sheriff when the sheriff is not available.' s__Coroner 'A &%GovernmentPosition who investigates deaths that are suspected of being due to something other than natural causes.' s__PoliceDetective 'The &%Profession of being a police detective, i.e. being a &%PoliceOfficer whose duties include the investigation of crimes.' s__PrivateDetective 'The &%Profession of being a private detective, i.e. a detective who can be hired for a fee to investigate something.' s__Lawyer s__Attorney 'This &%Attribute describes a person whose &%Profession is the practice of law, whether as a &%Judge or as a legal advocate.' s__FieldOfLaw s__AttorneyGeneral 'This &%Attribute designates the chief law officer of a &%GeopoliticalArea, usually a &%Nation or &%StateOrProvince.' s__PublicDefender 'An &%Attorney who defends criminal cases for a &%GovernmentOrganization.' s__PublicProsecutor 'An &%Attorney who prosecutes criminal cases for a &%GovernmentOrganization.' s__Judge 'An &%Attorney who has the power of deciding legal cases.' '(? [V__D] : (s__instance(V__D,s__Process) & s__instance(V__D,s__LegalDecision) & s__agent(V__D,V__P)))' s__Professor 'The &%Profession of being a &%teacher at a &%PostSecondarySchool.' s__MedicalDoctor 'The &%Profession of being a medical doctor, i.e. having attended medical school and being licensed to practice medicine.' s__Surgeon 'The &%Profession of being a surgeon, i.e. being a medical doctor who specializes in performing surgical operations.' s__Circumision '&%Removing the foreskin of the penis. This is usually performed on infants, but is occasionally performed on adolescents and adults, either for medical reasons, or after religious conversion. It is often conducted as a religious rite, since it is prescribed by both the &%Jewish and &%Muslim religions, although it is prevalent also as a social norm in different nations.' s__Circumision__t s__NewsReporter s__ArtCritic 'The &%Profession of reporting and critiquing current &%ArtWorks.' s__Accountant 'The &%Profession of being an &%Accountant.' s__Literature 'The study of literature, i.e. instances of &%FictionalText that are regarded as having special merit.' s__Mathematics 'The &%FieldOfStudy dealing with quantities and their relations to one another.' s__InteriorDesign 'The &%FieldOfStudy of designing the interiors of &%Buildings.' s__Science__t 'Any &%FieldOfStudy which tests theories on the basis of careful observations and/or experiments and which has a cumulative body of results.' s__SocialScience 'Any &%Science which studies human behavior, either in the aggregate, as do, for example, &%Economics and &%Linguistics, or with respect to the individual, as does &%Psychology.' s__PoliticalScience 'The field of political science.' s__Anthropology 'The study of humanity.' s__Architecture 'The &%FieldOfStudy of designing &%Buildings, i.e. creating &%Blueprints for &%Buildings.' s__Economics 'The field of economics.' s__Linguistics s__SocialScience__t 'The field of linguistics.' s__Psychology 'The field of psychology.' s__Biology 'The study of the classification, development, and functioning of &%Organisms.' s__Physiology 'The part of &%Biology dealing with the functioning of &%Organisms.' s__MedicalScience 'The field of medicine.' s__Chemistry 'The study of the compositions, properties, and reactions of &%Substances.' s__Physics 'The study of matter and energy and their relations.' s__Engineering 'The application of instances of &%Science to the solution of practical problems, i.e. the creation of various forms of technology.' s__Electronics 'The branch of &%Physics that deals with the theory and applications of electron emissions.' s__Theology 'The systematic study of religion.' s__MilitaryScience 'The study of the principles of war.' s__History 'The recording and interpretation of past events involving &%Humans, including political events and cultural practices.' s__Philosophy 'The study of first principles, including epistemology, metaphysics, and ethics.' 'The study of legal principles and the framework of national and/or international laws.' '(&%subField ?FIELD1 ?FIELD2) means that ?FIELD1 is a proper part of the &%FieldOfStudy ?FIELD2. For example, &%Physiology is a &%subField of &%Biology.' '(&%hasExpertise ?PERSON ?FIELD) means that ?PERSON has studied the &%FieldOfStudy ?FIELD and is regarded as an expert.' '(&%hasOccupation ?PERSON ?WORK) means that ?PERSON engages in activities of the class ?WORK as a means of earning a living.' s__Bleeding s__Bleeding__t 'The release of &%Blood from an &%Animal in response to an &%Injuring of some sort.' s__Blushing s__Blushing__t 'The process of turning red in response to a stimulus which has a deep emotional effect.' s__Aborting s__Aborting__t '&%Removing a human fetus from a &%Pregnant woman in such a way that the fetus cannot survive.' s__ClosingContract s__ClosingContract__t 'Completing a &%Contract of some sort, e.g. the purchase of a house, closing a business deal, etc.' s__Opening__t 'The &%Class of &%Processes where an aperture is created in an &%Object. Note that the aperture may be created intentionally, as when one opens a door, or unintentionally, as when the ground ruptures in a seismic event.' 'The &%Class of &%Processes where an aperture is closed in an &%Object.' s__Diet s__Diet__t 'A &%Plan regarding what one is allowed to eat.' '&%PreparedFood refers to anything that undergoes some process intended to result in an object that has &%Nutrient which can be ingested by &%Animal, normally metabolized into energy and body tissue.' food s__SolidFood s__SolidFood__t '&%SolidFood refers to &%PreparedFood that has &%Solid parts.' 'solid food' s__LiquidFood s__PreparedFood__t '&%LiquidFood refers to &%PreparedFood that has no &%Solid parts, only &%Liquid parts, therefore this does not cover stews, root beer floats or other combinations of solid and liquid foods.' 'liquid food' s__Beverage__t s__LiquidFood__t 'Any food that is ingested by &%Drinking. Note that this class is disjoint &%Meat and &%FruitOrVegetable.' s__CookedAttribute '&%CookedAttribute describes how something is a product of &%Cooking.' cooked s__RawAttribute '&%RawAttribute describes how cooking was not involved in the making of something' raw s__Baking s__Baking__t 'Any instance of &%Cooking where the instrument is an &%Oven.' s__BreadOrBiscuit s__BreadOrBiscuit__t 'Food that consists largely of grain flour and water. Note that this class covers crackers, cookies, as well as any self-connected instance of bread, whether it is a loaf, a slice, a chunk of bread, etc.' s__Dough s__Sandwich s__Sandwich__t 'Any food which consists of two or more pieces of bread and some sort of filling between the two pieces of bread.' s__Dough__t 'A &%Mixture of &%Flour, &%Water, and possibly other ingredients (such as &%Butter and &%Salt), which is used in making &%BreadOrBiscuits.' s__Flour s__Butter s__Butter__t 'An emulsion of fat which is produced by churning &%Milk.' s__CerealGrain 'Any &%Seed which is produced by the cereal grasses, e.g. rice, corn, wheat, etc.' s__RiceGrain s__RiceGrain__t 'A &%CerealGrain which has short and long grain varieties and which is usually prepared for eating by steaming.' s__WheatGrain s__WheatGrain__t s__CerealGrain__t 'A long &%CerealGrain which is produced by certain grasses and which is used to make &%BreadOrBiscuits.' s__Pea s__Pea__t 'The edible &%Seed of a pea plant.' s__Flour__t s__Powder__t 'A &%Powder that is prepared from &%CerealGrain, e.g. wheat flour, rice flour, etc. Flour is most often used in the making of &%BreadOrBiscuits.' s__Honey s__Honey__t 'An edible, sweet &%Substance produced by some species of &%Bees.' s__Coconut s__Coconut__t 'A &%FruitOrVegetable that is produced by a type of palm and has an edible white meat.' s__MaizeGrain s__MaizeGrain__t 'A &%CerealGrain which is found on long ears of a &%Plant native to the Americas.' s__SoupStock s__SoupStock__t 'Food which is prepared by reducing &%Meat and/or &%FruitOrVegetables to a translucent broth which can be used as a base for soups or sauces.' s__Coffee s__Coffee__t 'A &%Beverage which is prepared by infusing ground, roasted coffee beans into hot water.' s__Apple s__Apple__t 'A &%FruitOrVegetable that has a tart to sweet taste and a spherical shape.' s__DateFruit s__DateFruit__t 'A &%FruitOrVegetable that is produced by the date palm.' s__PearFruit s__PearFruit__t 'A &%FruitOrVegetable that has a thick skin and the shape of a tear drop.' s__Avocado s__Avocado__t 'A &%FruitOrVegetable that is shaped like a pear and has a dark green skin and a rich meat.' s__Ion s__Ion__t 'An electronically charged &%Atom or &%Molecule. In other words, a &%PureSubstance that has lost one of its &%Electrons.' s__FreeAtom s__FreeAtom__t 'Any &%Atom which is not part of a &%Molecule.' '(&%protonNumber ?SUBSTANCE ?NUMBER) means that the &%PureSubstance ?SUBSTANCE has the number of &%Protons ?NUMBER.' '(&%electronNumber ?SUBSTANCE ?NUMBER) means that the &%PureSubstance ?SUBSTANCE has the number of &%Electrons ?NUMBER.' '(s__part(V__ELECTRON,V__ATOM) & s__instance(V__ELECTRON,s__Electron))' s__AtomicGroup s__AtomicGroup__t 'Two or more &%Atoms that are bound together and comprise part of a &%Molecule.' s__Ambush s__Ambush__t 'Any &%Maneuver in a &%ViolentContest where one &%contestParticipant attempts to conceal himself from another contestParticipant so that he can &%Attack the other &%contestParticipant.' '(? [V__ATTACK] : (s__instance(V__ATTACK,s__Process) & s__instance(V__C,s__Process) & s__instance(V__ATTACK,s__Attack) & s__agent(V__ATTACK,V__AG)))' s__Blockade s__Blockade__t 'Any &%Maneuver in a &%Contest where one &%contestParticipant attempts to deny access to something that is wanted by another &%contestParticipant.' '(? [V__I] : (s__instance(V__I,s__Process) & s__instance(V__A2,s__CognitiveAgent) & s__instance(V__C1,s__SetOrClass) & s__subclass(V__C1,s__Process) & s__instance(V__I,V__C1) & s__agent(V__I,V__A1) & s__subProcess(V__I,V__C)))' s__MilitaryManeuver s__MilitaryManeuver__t 'Any &%Maneuver which takes place in a &%Battle and which is intended to secure a tactical advantage for one of the agents of the &%Battle.' s__Fire s__Fire__t '&%Fire is the subclass of &%Combustion events in which flames are present. Fires are slower combustion processes than explosions, though some fires may include explosive episodes.' s__Arson s__Arson__t 'An act where an agent sets something which it does not possess on fire in order to destroy it or its contents.' s__Bombing 'An act of &%Destruction where the thing destroyed is destroyed by means of an explosive device.' s__Bomb__t s__ExplosiveDevice__t 'A weapon that explodes in order to cause damage.' s__CarBombing s__CarBombing__t 'A car bombing is an attack in which a car is used as the delivery mechanism for a bomb. The car is usually destroyed in the blast if the bomb detonates successfully.' s__ChemicalAttack s__ChemicalAttack__t 'An attack against people or property in which a chemical agent is used as the active ingredient of the attack.' s__HandgrenadeAttack s__HandgrenadeAttack__t 'An attack in which a &%HandGrenade is employed as an explosive device for the purpose of &%Destruction. A case in which a hand grenade is used as a blunt striking object in an attack would not be in this class.' s__HandGrenade s__HandGrenade__t 'A hand grenade is a small explosive device with a simple trigger mechanism, usually lasting a few seconds, designed to be propelled by a human to its target.' s__Hijacking s__Hijacking__t s__Robbing__t '&%Robbing a &%Vehicle and then driving or piloting it away.' s__HostageTaking s__HostageTaking__t 'An event in which one agent keeps another against his or her will, in order to force it or a third agent to accede to some demand. The hostages are typically kept in the place where they are first taken hostage, in contrast to a &%Kidnapping. Hostage taking often involves a number of people (although it may be just one), again, in contrast to a &%Kidnapping.' s__IncendiaryDeviceAttack s__IncendiaryDeviceAttack__t 'An attack in which an agent uses a device which causes fire in order to destroy life or property.' s__Infiltration s__Infiltration__t 'An event in which an agent joins an organization under false pretenses. The objective of such an act is often to gather information helpful to a rival organization.' s__Kidnapping s__Kidnapping__t 'An event in which one agent keeps another against his or her will, in order to force it or a third agent to accede to some demand. The kidnapped party is normally removed from the location where first attacked. In contrast to a &%HostageTaking, a kidnapping normally involves an attack on one, or a very small number of people, such as a couple.' s__KnifeAttack s__KnifeAttack__t 'An attack in which a knife is used.' s__Knife s__Knife__t 'A sharp object used for cutting. The object must have at least single blade or major protrusion which may be sharp at its end as well. It may be sharp on both sides, or just one. Unlike an awl it has a sharp edge rather than a point. Unlike scissors, it is a single blade without additional articulated parts. Unlike an axe, a knife is well-designed for slicing rather than chopping, although a heavy knife such as a broadsword can also be used for chopping, whereas a non-knife is not well designed for slicing meat for example. A knife can be small like a pocket knife, or large like a two-handed broadsword. A knife may also include other protrusions such as in the split swords and trident-like objects (that also possess a long sharp edge) in Chinese weaponry.' 'Any &%Device whose purpose is &%Cutting something else. This class covers knives of all times, axes, saws, razors, chisels etc.' s__LetterBombAttack s__LetterBombAttack__t 'An attack with a bomb that is concealed in a letter or package, which is typically designed to explode upon opening.' s__Lynching s__Lynching__t 'A lynching is a form of &%Killing conducted under a thin guise of legitimacy by a vigilante group. It may be a purge of an individual from the group who is perceived to have gone astray, or it may be the summary execution of an individual outside the group that the group has determined has violated some law or code, either of the group, or the larger society. A lynching is distinguished from a legal execution in that the laws of a government are not followed in carrying out the killing. A lynching is distinguished from a murder in that there is the pretense of some process carried out by a group in the name of their own group or a higher power.' s__MortarAttack s__MortarAttack__t 'An attack in which a &%Mortar weapon is used.' s__Mortar s__Mortar__t 'A mortar is a bomb that is shot at a location. A howitzer is a weapon that fires mortars. The mortar may not include the propelling charge that provides the motive force for delivering it to its target, which distinguishes it from a rocket. A mortar is distinguished from other bombs in that it is propelled rather than exploded in place, or dropped, or propelled by human power.' s__RocketMissileAttack s__RocketMissileAttack__t 'An attack in which a rocket or missile is used.' s__Rocket__t s__Projectile__t s__Stoning s__Stoning__t 'An act where a victim or victims is attacked with stones. The stones may either be placed on top of a victim in order to cause death by pressure and suffocation, in which case the act is typically part of a ritualized legal sentence, or where the victim is pelted with stones causing injury or death by trauma. The intent of such an act is usually the death of the victim.' s__SuicideBombing s__SuicideBombing__t s__Bombing__t 'A bomb attack in which the bomber intends to blow himself up during the course of the attack. The bomber is the delivery mechanism for the explosive and the bomb is typically in close contact with the bomber, such as being strapped around his torso. This action is distinguished from actions in which the bomber merely happens to be blown up by his own bomb in that the bomber knows that he is committing suicide.' s__Vandalism s__Vandalism__t 'An event where the objective of the agent is to damage or destroy some property of another agent. This is distinguished from acts where the prime objective is damage or loss of life of another agent.' s__VehicleAttack s__VehicleAttack__t 'An event in which a vehicle is used by an agent in order to inflict injury, death or damage to people or property.' s__BusinessPerson 'Any of a class of people in a professional occupation such as banking, finance, management, or engineering. This is distinguished from blue collar jobs that primarily involve manual labor rather than thought as the effort expended to derive remuneration. It is also distinguished from professions that may be outwardly similar but are done in a non-profit organization.' s__BusinessExecutive '&%BusinessExecutive refers to a person responsible for the management of a business' 'business executive' s__Celebrity 'Anyone who is known by a large number of people, either explicitly by name, or by action.' s__Knight 'A &%SocialRole that is assigned by the United Kingdom to persons for reasons of personal merit.' s__Musician 'A Musician is someone who is capable of giving a &%MusicalPerformance. This includes amateurs and others who dont formally make a living at the activity or choose it as a profession.' s__Veteran 'The &%Attribute that applies to someone who was a &%Soldier at one time, but is not currently a &%Soldier.' s__Road s__Road__t 'A path along which vehicles travel. It is typically, although not necessarily, paved and intended for cars.' '(? [V__EV,V__VEH] : (s__instance(V__VEH,s__Object) & s__instance(V__EV,s__Process) & s__instance(V__EV,s__Transportation) & s__eventLocated(V__EV,V__X) & s__instance(V__VEH,s__LandVehicle) & s__instrument(V__EV,V__VEH)))' s__Civilian s__MilitaryPerson s__OccupationalRole__t 'A &%Role of a &%Human in a &%OrganizationalProcess.' 'Someone who is not a member of an active &%MilitaryOrganization.' s__Widowed 'The &%Attribute that applies to someone who was married to someone who has died, and who has not remarried.' s__Convoy s__Convoy__t 'A group of vehicles that all are being driven in formation (e.g., lines, rows, columns) to the same destination. That destination may be an intermediate destination on the way to a final destination for some of the vehicles however. This is distinguished from vehicles that have no common purpose, such as traffic on a freeway. This includes cases where some of the agents driving the vehicles intend to reach a point but fail to do so.' '(s__member(V__V1,V__C) & s__member(V__V2,V__C))' s__Diplomat s__GovernmentPerson 'A person who works as a facilitator for communication between countries, in the official employ of one of the countries.' s__Dissident 'Someone who is opposed to the leadership of a particular country. Typically, a dissident suffers punishment at the hands of the country whose leadership he is opposing.' s__EmbassyBuilding s__GovernmentBuilding s__EmbassyBuilding__t 'An embassy is a &%Building that is owned by a &%Government to house its diplomatic and consular staff that is in another country.' s__EntertainmentBuilding s__EntertainmentBuilding__t 'A building that has the primary purpose of entertaining people.' '(? [V__REC] : (s__instance(V__REC,s__Process) & s__instance(V__REC,s__RecreationOrExercise) & s__eventLocated(V__REC,V__BUILDING)))' s__GovernmentBuilding__t 'A building belonging to a &%Government' 'A person who works for a &%Government.' s__Renting__t 'Giving money to the owner of an &%Object in exchange for the right to use the &%Object for a fixed time period.' s__Marketplace s__Marketplace__t 'An area, building, or set of buildings where &%FinancialTransactions are intended to take place. There should be more than one owner or renter of space or buildings within the marketplace.' s__StoreOwner 'Someone who operates a store which he either owns or rents.' s__Militant 'A militant is someone who is not officially authorized by a government to engage in combat, but who does so on behalf of a &%PoliticalOrganization.' 'Someone who is a member of a &%ModernMilitaryOrganization.' s__OfficeBuilding s__OfficeBuilding__t 'A building in which work activities take place which is not primarily designed for manufacturing or retail sales.' s__PeaceKeepingMission s__PeaceKeepingMission__t 'A military deployment which is intended to prevent hostilities between two other entities located in the same rough geographic area.' s__PlaceOfWorship__t 'Any place designed for &%ReligiousProcesses.' '(? [V__EV] : (s__instance(V__EV,s__Process) & s__instance(V__EV,s__ReligiousProcess) & s__eventLocated(V__EV,V__X)))' s__PoliceFacility s__PoliceFacility__t 'A building designed to house &%PolicePersons.' s__PolicePerson 'A member of a government whose occupation has the primary purpose of preventing crime and arresting criminals.' s__PoliticalFigure 'A well known person who participates in a PoliticalProcess. This must either be the persons principal occupation, or what is intended to become his principal occupation (for example, after an election).' s__ReligiousFigure 'A well-known leader of a religious group.' s__RestaurantBuilding__t 'A &%Building where people pay to be served food and eat. Some restaurants may also offer entertainment.' '(? [V__OWN,V__EMP,V__EV,V__P,V__PAY] : (s__instance(V__PAY,s__Process) & s__instance(V__P,s__CognitiveAgent) & s__instance(V__EV,s__Process) & s__instance(V__EMP,s__CognitiveAgent) & s__instance(V__EMP,s__Formula) & s__instance(V__OWN,s__Organization) & s__employs(V__OWN,V__EMP) & s__possesses(V__OWN,V__X) & s__instance(V__P,s__Human) & s__instance(V__PAY,s__FinancialTransaction) & s__agent(V__PAY,V__P) & s__patient(V__PAY,V__EMP) & s__confersRight(V__EMP,V__EV,V__P) & s__instance(V__EV,s__Eating) & s__agent(V__EV,V__P) & s__eventLocated(V__EV,V__X)))' s__EducationalFacility s__EducationalFacility__t 'A building or campus, owned by an &%EducationalOrganization, which is intended as the location for &%EducationalProcesses.' '(? [V__EV] : (s__instance(V__EV,s__Process) & s__instance(V__EV,s__EducationalProcess) & s__eventLocated(V__EV,V__X)))' s__Student 'A person who participates in an &%EducationalProcess in order to learn something.' s__Subway s__Subway__t 'A subway is a hollow area of the earth, typically under large cities, designed for running trains that move people. It is distinguished from other kinds of tunnels in that trains run through them, primarily for the purpose of carrying people rather than ore, for example.' '(? [V__EV,V__P] : (s__instance(V__EV,s__Process) & s__instance(V__EV,s__Transportation) & s__instance(V__P,s__Human) & s__patient(V__EV,V__P) & s__eventLocated(V__EV,V__X)))' s__Tourist 'A tourist is a person who is travelling to a place primarily for reasons of entertainment or education, rather than business, although business transaction may take place during the trip.' s__TouristSite s__TouristSite__t 'A tourist site is a location that has some feature of interest to &%Tourists, which entertains or informs them.' s__TerroristOrganization s__TerroristOrganization__t 'A group that uses violent means in an attempt to bring about their political aims. Those violent means are distinguished from a war between nations, or a civil war in that the group is at least partially clandestine and a significant proportion of its acts are against non-military targets.' '(&%memberCount ?ORG ?NUMBER) means that there is a total ?NUMBER of &%members in the &%Collection ?ORG.' '(&%memberType ?GROUP ?TYPE) means that all the members of the &%Collection ?GROUP belong to the &%SetOrClass ?TYPE.' s__memberTypeCount__m '(&%memberTypeCount ?GROUP ?TYPE ?NUMBER) means that the &%Collection ?GROUP has ?NUMBER members of the kind ?TYPE.' s__memberAtTime__m '(&%memberAtTime ?MEMBER ?COLLECTION ?TIME) means that during the time period denoted by ?TIME, ?MEMBER is a &%member of ?COLLECTION.' '(inventory ?CBO ?COLLECTION) means that the &%ContentBearingObject ?CBO contains a list or enumeration of the members of the &%Collection ?COLLECTION.' s__subordinateInOrganization__m '(&%subordinateInOrganization ?ORG ?PERSON1 ?PERSON2) means that in the &%Organization ?ORG, ?PERSON1 is subordinate to ?PERSON2.' s__subordinatePosition__m '(&%subordinatePosition ?ORG ?SUB ?SUPER) means that in the &%Organization ?ORG, the holder of role ?SUB is subordinate to the holder of role ?SUPER.' '(&%operator ?OBJECT ?AGENT) means that ?AGENT determines how ?OBJECT is used, either by directly or indirectly operating it.' s__ClassificationScheme s__ClassificationScheme__t 'A &%ClassificationScheme is a conceptual structure, an abstract arrangement of concepts and the relations that link them.' s__Taxonomy s__Taxonomy__t 'A &%Taxonomy is a &%ClassificationScheme that typically includes the salient concepts of a domain of interest, plus, minimally, a binary `broader than/`narrower than relation by which the concepts are linked. The `broader than/`narrower than relation is usually conceived as set- or class-based subsumption, but taxonomies are notorious for conflating the set membership and set subsumption (i.e., subset/superset) relations into a single `IS-A relation. Some taxonomies include additional binary relations, such as `subpart/`superpart.' 'A meronymy relation similar to &%part, but for abstract rather than physical things.' part '%1 is %n a &%part of %2' s__Ontology s__Ontology__t 'An &%Ontology is a &%ClassificationScheme that links concepts via many different relations. Ontologies typically are not restricted to binary relations and are structured by several kinds of conceptual hierarchies, including set- or class-based subsumption, spatial containment, mereology (theory of parts and wholes), and logical contexts. Thus, an ontology typically includes multiple taxonomies.' '(&%transported ?EVENT ?OBJ) means that ?OBJ is transported (carried/moved to a different physical location) in the &%Transportation ?EVENT.' '(&%cargo ?EVENT ?OBJ) means that ?OBJ is transported as cargo in the &%Shipping event ?EVENT.' '(&%serviceProvider ?EVENT ?AGENT) means that ?AGENT is the supplier of the service provided in ?EVENT.' '(&%serviceRecipient ?EVENT ?AGENT) means that ?AGENT is the receiver of the service provided in ?EVENT.' '(&%benefits ?PROCESS ?AGENT) means that ?AGENT somehow derives benefit as a result of ?PROCESS. This is a very general relation, and does not entail that ?AGENT is a participant in ?PROCESS.' s__areaOfResponsibility__m '(&%areaOfResponsibility ?AGENT ?PROCESS-TYPE ?AREA) means that ?AGENT (typically an instance of &%Organization) is responsible or accountable for actions or undertakings of type ?PROCESS-TYPE in the &%GeographicArea denoted by ?AREA.' '(&%holdsDuring ?T1 (&%friend ?H1 ?H2)) means that during time ?T1, ?H1 and ?H2 know each other, share a relationship of mutual care and concern, and probably also share some common interests.' '(&%holdsDuring ?T1 (&%coworker ?H1 ?H2)) means that during time ?T1, ?H1 and ?H2 are both employed by the same agent, are of roughly the same job status, and come into contact at least part of the time at the same work location.' '(&%holdsDuring ?T1 (&%cohabitant ?H1 ?H2)) means that during the time ?T1, ?H1 and ?H2 have the same home.' '(&%grandparent ?YOUNGER ?OLDER) means that ?OLDER is a &%parent of ?YOUNGERs &%parent.' '(aunt ?AUNT ?PERSON) means that ?AUNT is the sister of a parent of ?PERSON.' '(cousin ?PERSON1 ?PERSON2) means that ?PERSON1 and ?PERSON2 are cousins, i.e. ?PERSON1 and ?PERSON2 have grandparents (but not parents) in common.' '(grandfather ?PERSON ?PARENT) means that ?PARENT is the grandfather of ?PERSON.' '(grandmother ?PERSON ?PARENT) means that ?PARENT is the grandmother of ?PERSON.' '(nephew ?NEPHEW ?PERSON) means that ?NEPHEW is the &%son of a &%sibling of ?PERSON.' '(niece ?NIECE ?PERSON) means that ?NIECE is the &%daughter of a &%sibling of ?PERSON.' '(uncle ?UNCLE ?PERSON) means that ?UNCLE is the brother of a parent of ?PERSON.' '(stepfather ?PERSON ?FATHER) means that ?FATHER is the stepfather of ?PERSON, i.e. ?FATHER is the &%spouse of the &%mother of ?PERSON, without also being the &%father of ?PERSON.' '(stepmother ?PERSON ?MOTHER) means that ?MOTHER is the &%stepmother of ?PERSON, i.e. ?MOTHER is the spouse of the &%father of ?PERSON, without also being the &%mother of ?PERSON.' s__NuclearFamily s__NuclearFamily__t 'A &%NuclearFamily is a &%SocialUnit composed of at least two and not more than three generations of &%familyRelations: &%parents, their children, and possibly the parents parents (childrens &%grandparents).' '(s__spouse(V__PARENT1,V__PARENT2) & s__cohabitant(V__PARENT1,V__PARENT2) & s__cohabitant(V__CHILD,V__PARENT1))' '(s__member(V__CHILD,V__FAM) & s__member(V__PARENT1,V__FAM) & s__member(V__PARENT2,V__FAM))' '(&%alias ?STRING ?AGENT) means that ?STRING is an alternate identifier for ?AGENT, and is likely being used to hide or obscure ?AGENTs true identity.' '(&%holdsDuring ?T1 (&%workAddress ?AGENT ?ADDRESS)) means that during the time specified by ?T1, ?ADDRESS identifies one of the locations at which ?AGENT works.' '(&%holdsDuring ?T1 (&%homeAddress ?PLACE ?AGENT)) means that during the time specified by ?T1, the &%PostalPlace ?PLACE is ?AGENTs &%home.' s__playsRoleInEvent__m '(&%playsRoleInEvent ?OBJ ?ROLE ?EVENT) means that the &%Object ?OBJ is involved in the &%Process ?EVENT in a way specified by the &%CaseRole predicate ?ROLE.' s__playsRoleInEventOfType__m '(&%playsRoleInEventOfType ?OBJ ?ROLE ?TYPE ?TIME ?PLACE) means that ?OBJ plays the role specified by ?ROLE in an instance of ?TYPE, which occurs at ?TIME and ?PLACE.' s__locatedAtTime__m '(&%locatedAtTime ?OBJ ?TIME ?PLACE) means that during the time specified by ?TIME, ?OBJ was in the location specified by ?PLACE.' '(&%deceptiveIdentifier ?OBJ ?AGENT) means that ?AGENT presents ?OBJ as a representation of ?AGENTs `true identity, when in fact it is not.' '(&%stranger ?H1 ?H2) means that ?H1 has not met ?H2, or, in other words, (&%not (&%acquaintance ?H1 ?H2)). Statements made with &%stranger should be temporally specified with &%holdsDuring. Note that &%stranger is not symmetric, meaning that ?H2 might know ?H1. For the symmetric version, see &%mutualStranger.' '(&%mutualStranger ?H1 ?H2) means that ?H1 and ?H2 have not met each other and do not know each other. Statements made with this predicate should be temporally specified with &%holdsDuring. See also the weaker, non-symmetric version of this predicate, &%stranger.' '(&%holdsDuring ?T1 (&%domesticPartner ?H1 ?H2)) means that during the time ?T1, ?H1 and ?H2 live together and share a common domestic life but are not joined in a traditional marriage, a common-law marriage, or a civil union.' '(&%holdsDuring ?T1 (&%legalGuardian ?H1 ?H2)) means that during the time ?T1, ?H2 has legal authority over ?H1, and is responsible for looking after ?H1s interests.' s__Seating s__Seating__t 'Guiding someone to a &%Seat, e.g. as when an usher shows someone to a &%Seat in an &%Auditorium.' 'Signalling is the subclass of &%Guiding processes in which an agent, animate or inanimate, sends a signal to another &%Object. In many cases, this signal will be an electrical or electronic one. Some signals may directly control the behavior of the object signalled, while others may merely cause information to be presented. Instances of electrical Signalling are typically more complex than simply than operation of a &%DeviceSwitch, though in some cases, Signalling involves remote activation of such a switch by another device.' s__AchievingControl__t '&%AchievingControl is the class of all events in which an &%Agent gains physical control over some object.' '(&%controlled ?EVENT ?OBJECT) means that during the &%AchievingControl denoted by ?EVENT, ?OBJECT comes to be physically controlled by an &%Agent.' '(&%gainsControl ?EVENT ?AGENT) means that during ?EVENT, ?AGENT gains control of the &%patient (object).' s__ChangeOfControl__t 'A &%ChangeOfControl is an event in which an &%agent gains physical control over some object that was previously controlled by a different &%agent.' '(&%losesControl ?EVENT ?AGENT) means that during ?EVENT, ?AGENT loses physical control of the &%controlled object.' s__Capturing 'A &%Capturing is a &%ChangeOfControl event in which an &%Agent gains physical control over another &%Agent.' s__PlacingUnderArrest__t s__Capturing__t s__LawEnforcement__t '&%PlacingUnderArrest is the class of events in which a &%CognitiveAgent, typically a law enforcement professional, legally takes into custody a human or group of humans.' '(&%arrested ?EVENT ?AGENT) means that during ?EVENT, ?AGENT is taken into custody, typically by a representative of a law enforcement organization.' '(&%conveyance ?EVENT ?OBJ) means that ?OBJ is the &%Vehicle or other transportation device used in ?EVENT.' s__GasolineEngine s__GasolineEngine__t '&%GasolineEngine is the subclass of &%InternalCombustionEngines that use &%Gasoline as their resource.' s__DieselEngine s__DieselEngine__t s__InternalCombustionEngine__t '&%DieselEngine is the subclass of &%InternalCombustionEngines that use &%DieselFuel as their resource.' 'An instance of the first argument is typically found as part of an instance of the second argument. This is a class-level relation roughly corresponding to &%part. Note that this does not imply that such wholes typically have such parts.' '(? [V__Y] : (s__instance(V__Y,s__Object) & s__instance(V__Y,V__WHOLE) & s__part(V__X,V__Y)))' '(~ (? [V__Z] : (s__instance(V__Z,s__Object) & s__instance(V__Z,V__WHOLE) & s__part(V__X,V__Z))))' 'An instance of the second argument typically contains an instance of the first argument. This is a class-level relation roughly corresponding to &%part. Note that this does not imply that such parts typically have such wholes.' '(? [V__X1] : (s__instance(V__X1,s__Object) & s__instance(V__X1,V__PART) & s__part(V__X1,V__Y)))' '(~ (? [V__X2] : (s__instance(V__X2,s__Object) & s__instance(V__X2,V__PART) & s__part(V__X2,V__Y))))' 'Every instance of the first argument is initially found as part of an instance of the second argument, even though it might lose that part later in its lifetime. While the part must initially exist as part of a whole, this does not say that each whole necessarily initially contains such a part. For example, a thumb must at some time have been part of a hand, but every hand need not have a thumb, even at birth. This is a class-level relation roughly corresponding to &%part.' 'Every instance of the second argument initially contains an instance of the first argument, even though it might lose that part later in its lifetime. Every normal human starts life with an appendix for example. While the whole must initially contain such a part, this does not say that each part necessarily initially exists as part of such a whole. This is a class-level relation roughly corresponding to &%part.' s__CausingHappiness s__CausingHappiness__t 'Any &%Process whose result is that the patient of the process is happy.' s__CausingPain s__CausingUnhappiness s__CausingPain__t 'Any &%Process whose result is that the patient of the process is in &%Pain.' s__CausingUnhappiness__t 'Any &%Process whose result is that the patient of the process is unhappy.' s__Lengthening__t '&%Increasing the length of something.' s__Saving s__Saving__t 'Any instance of &%Increasing where the &%PhysicalQuantity involved is a &%CurrencyMeasure. This includes saving in a financial account as well as stuffing gold bars under the matress, or a squirrel saving nuts for winter.' 'A predicate that relates an &%Agent to any item of economic value owned by the &%Agent. Examples of financial assets are cash, securities, accounts receivable, inventory, office equipment, a house, a car, and other property.' s__Barking s__Barking__t 'Any instance of &%RadiatingSound which is produced by a &%Canine.' s__Menstruation s__Menstruation__t 'A periodic discharge of &%Blood and other &%BiologicalSubstances by &%Females that is part of a readjustment of the uterus.' s__Organification s__Organification__t 'Any &%BiologicalProcess that results in the formation of an &%Organ.' s__BiologicalConception s__BiologicalConception__t s__Mating 'The production of a zygote from the fusion of a male and female gamete.' s__ContraceptiveDevice s__ContraceptiveDevice__t '&%Devices which permit sexual intercourse but which reduce the likelihood of conception.' '(? [V__M] : (s__instance(V__M,s__Mating) & s__patient(V__M,V__C) & (~ (? [V__SR] : (s__instance(V__M,s__Process) & s__instance(V__SR,s__BiologicalConception) & s__result(V__M,V__SR))))))' s__BirdEgg s__BirdEgg__t 'Any &%Egg that is produced by a &%Bird.' s__Biopsy s__Biopsy__t 'Any &%DiagnosticProcess which involves the examination of &%BodySubstances taken from a living &%Organism.' 'Any process of sexual intercourse between two &%Humans or &%Animals.' s__Raping s__Raping__t s__Mating__t 'Any instance of &%Mating where one participant does not consent. This is limited to acts between &%Humans.' s__LayingEggs s__LayingEggs__t 'Any &%OrganismProcess where an &%Egg is expelled from the body of a &%Animal, e.g. a &%Bird or &%Reptile laying eggs.' '(ideologicalAffiliationOfOrganization ?ORG ?GOV) means that one of the goals of ?ORG is to realize the &%FormOfGovernment ?GOV.' '(religiousAffiliationOfOrganization ?ORG ?BELIEF) means that one of the goals of ?ORG is to advance the religious teachings of the &%BeliefGroup ?BELIEF.' '(allegiance ?AGENT ?ENTITY) means that the &%CognitiveAgent ?AGENT owes its allegiance to the political entity ?ENTITY.' '(ancestorOrganization ?ORG1 ?ORG2) means that the &%Organization ?ORG1 descended from the &%Organization ?ORG2.' '(anniversary ?PHYSICAL ?TIME) means that ?TIME is the class of TimeIntervals which mark the anniversary of ?PHYSICAL. For example, (anniversary Christmas (&%DayFn 35 &%December)) means that Christmas is celebrated each year on the 25th of &%December.' '(birthday ?PERSON ?DAY) means that ?DAY is the anniversary each year of the birth of ?PERSON. For example, (birthday &%WilliamJeffersonClinton (&%DayFn 19 &%August)) means that Bill Clintons birthday is &%August 19th.' '(birthplace ?INDIV ?PLACE) means that the &%Animal ?INDIV was born at the location ?PLACE. The location may be a geographic area or a building, such as a hospital.' '(birthdate ?PERSON ?DAY) means that ?DAY is the &%Day on which the ?PERSON was born.' '(birthdate ?PERSON ?DAY) means that ?DAY is the &%Day on which the ?PERSON died.' '(deathplace ?INDIV ?PLACE) means that the &%Animal ?INDIV died at the location ?PLACE. The location may be a geographic area or a building, such as a hospital.' s__equipmentCount__m '(&%equipmentCount ?OBJECT ?TYPE ?QUANTITY) means that ?OBJECT is equipped with devices of the type ?TYPE, in the number ?QUANTITY. Equipment associated with an ?OBJECT may be a &%component of ?OBJECT (such as the emergency oxygen system built into passenger jets) or it may be a device simply located on or with ?OBJECT (such as a first aid kit).' '(equipmentType ?THING ?TYPE) means that the &%Artifact ?THING has a component or attachment of &%Device ?TYPE. See also &%equipmentTypeCount.' '(grammaticalRelation ?PHRASE ?SENTENCE) means that the &%Phrase ?PHRASE has a grammatical relation to the Sentence ?SENTENCE, i.e. it is a subject, object, main verb, etc. of the ?SENTENCE.' '(distanceOnPath ?DIST ?PATH) means that for a given path (which is a pathInSystem) that the distance of the route is the measurement ?DIST.' '(&%inString ?&%Character ?&%SymbolicString) means that ?&%Character is &%part of ?&%SymbolicString. See also &%subString.' '(&%subString ?&%SymbolicString-1 ?&%SymbolicString-2) means that ?&%SymbolicString-1 is &%part of ?&%SymbolicString-2. ?&%SymbolicString-2 includes all the same &%Characters as ?&%SymbolicString-1 and in the same order, but ?&%SymbolicString-2 may include more &%Characters than ?&%SymbolicString-1. See also &%inString.' s__SubstringFn__m '(&%SubstringFn ?&%SymbolicString ?&%NonnegativeInteger-1 ?&%NonnegativeInteger-2) denotes a string that is a &%subString of ?&%SymbolicString, begins with the &%Character at the index ?&%NonnegativeInteger-1, and ends with the &%Character at the index (&%SubtractionFn ?&%NonnegativeInteger-2 1). The first &%Character in ?&%SymbolicString is denoted by the index 0. If the value of ?&%NonnegativeInteger-1 or ?&%NonnegativeInteger-2 is greater than the value of (&%StringLengthFn ?&%SymbolicString), or if ?&%NonnegativeInteger-1 is greater than ?&%NonnegativeInteger-2, the result of evaluating the &%SubstringFn expression is undefined. Example: (&%equal "Charle" (&%SubstringFn "Charles Darwin" 0 6)).' s__StringLengthFn__m 'This &%UnaryFunction takes a &%SymbolicString as its sole argument. The result of evaluating a term formed with &%StringLengthFn is a &%NonnegativeInteger that denotes the number of &%Characters in the &%SymbolicString. Example: (&%equal 14 (&%StringLengthFn "Charles Darwin")).' '(&%stringLength ?&%NonnegativeInteger ?&%SymbolicString) means that the number of &%Characters in ?&%SymbolicString is ?&%NonnegativeInteger. Example: (&%stringLength 14 "Charles Darwin"), which is a &%True &%Sentence.' s__StringConcatenateFn__m 'The result of applying this &%Function to two &%SymbolicString arguments is a third &%SymbolicString that is the concatenation of the two arguments. Example: (&%equal "Charles Darwin" (&%StringConcatenateFn "Charles " "Darwin")).' '(&%stringConcatenation ?&%SymbolicString-1 ?&%SymbolicString-2 ?&%SymbolicString-3) means that ?&%SymbolicString-3 can be formed by appending ?&%SymbolicString-1 and ?&%SymbolicString-2, in order. Example: (&%stringConcatenation "Charles " "Darwin" "Charles Darwin") is a &%True &%Sentence.' s__precedesInString__m '(&%precedesInString ?&%SymbolicString-1 ?&%SymbolicString-2 ?&%SymbolicString-3) means that ?&%SymbolicString-1 and ?&%SymbolicString-2 are &%subStrings of ?&%SymbolicString-3, and ?&%SymbolicString-1 occurs sequentially before ?&%SymbolicString-2 in ?&%SymbolicString-3. Example: (&%precedesInString "Johann" "Bach" "Johann Sebastian Bach").' s__Descriptor s__Name s__Name__t s__Descriptor__t '&%Name denotes the &%Class of &%ContentBearingObjects that identify an &%Entity, typically in some linguistic form such as an epithet, given name, street address, etc.' s__Identifier s__Identifier__t '&%Identifier is the &%Class of &%ContentBearingObjects that identify some entity, such as a bank account, a person, or a location (e.g., as identified by a specific street address or GPS coordinates), perhaps uniquely under some circumstances.' s__PlaceDescriptor s__DescriptorPart s__DescriptorPart__t s__NamePart s__NamePart__t s__IdentifierPart s__IdentifierPart__t s__PlaceID s__PlaceID__t s__PlaceDescriptor__t s__LocalizablePlaceID s__LocalizablePlaceID__t s__PlaceAddress 'A &%ContactSite is an &%Object, typically a &%Place or a &%Residence or a &%CommunicationDevice such as a &%Telephone, that has some kind of address identifier and can serve as a point of contact for a &%Human or &%Organization.' s__TelephonyDevice__t s__ContactSite__t s__ElectricDevice__t 'A &%TelephonyDevice is a &%CommunicationDevice that, when connected to a &%TelephoneSystem, functions as an access point allowing end users (&%Humans or other &%Agents, such as autonomous/scheduled &%ComputerPrograms) to send or receive signals via the system. &%Telephones and &%FaxMachines are &%TelephonyDevices. A given &%Computer may or may not function as a &%TelephonyDevice, depending on the &%ComputerPrograms it runs and the &%ComputerComponents that are part of it.' s__canonicalPlaceName__m '(&%canonicalPlaceName ?PLACE ?LANG ?STRING) means that in the &%Language ?LANG, the &%SymbolicString ?STRING is a canonical name for the &%GeographicArea ?PLACE' 'A &%PostalPlace is any &%LocalizablePlace that can have a postal address, and to which hardcopy mail (letters, packages, etc.) can be delivered.' s__MilitaryInstallation__t s__PostalPlace__t '(&%siteForContact ?&%ContactSite ?&%Agent) means that the &%Human or &%Organization ?&%Agent can be reached at or via the point of contact ?&%ContactSite.' '(&%postContactSite ?&%PostalPlace ?&%Agent) means that the &%Human or &%Organization ?&%Agent can be contacted by post (mail) at the location ?&%PostalPlace.' '(&%unitNumber ?STR ?PLACE) means that ?STR represents the particular unit or space within the building that a &%PostalPlace is located' '(&%floorCode ?STR ?PLACE) means that ?STR represents the &%BuildingLevel that a particular &%PostalPlace can be found at' s__Neighborhood__t '&%Neighborhood refers to a &%GeographicArea that is a subregion of a larger geographic area, such as a &%City, normally with a distinctive feature' neighborhood '(&%postNeighborhood ?PLACE ?NEIGHBORHOOD) means that ?PLACE is located in ?NEIGHBORHOOD' '(&%postCountry ?&%PostalPlace ?&%GeopoliticalArea) means that ?&%PostalPlace is located in the &%Nation or &%DependencyOrSpecialSovereigntyArea ?&%GeopoliticalArea.' '(&%postDistrict ?&%PostalPlace ?&%StateOrProvince) means that ?&%PostalPlace is located in ?&%StateOrProvince.' '(&%postCity ?&%PostalPlace ?&%City) means that ?&%PostalPlace is located in ?&%City.' s__PostcodeArea__t 'An &%instance of &%PostcodeArea is a &%LocalizablePlace that is identified by a &%Postcode.' '(&%postPostcodeArea ?&%PostalPlace ?&%PostcodeArea) means that ?&%PostalPlace is located in ?&%PostcodeArea.' '(&%postStreet ?&%PostalPlace ?&%Roadway) means that ?&%PostalPlace is &%Adjacent to ?&%Roadway.' '(&%postStreetNumber ?&%SymbolicString ?&%PostalPlace) means that ?&%SymbolicString identifies the sub-city block or building level location of a ?&%PostalPlace. ?&%SymbolicString need not consist exclusively of &%DigitCharacters.' '(&%postPostOfficeBox ?&%SymbolicString ?&%PostalPlace) means that ?&%SymbolicString identifies the post office box of a ?&%PostalPlace. ?&%SymbolicString need not consist exclusively of &%DigitCharacters.' s__PostalAddressText__t '(&%postAddressText ?&%PostalAddressText ?&%PostalPlace) means that the &%ContactSite ?&%PostalPlace is identified by ?&%PostalAddressText.' '(&%telecomContactDevice ?&%TelephonyDevice ?&%Agent) means that ?&%TelephonyDevice is a &%ContactSite for the &%Human or &%Organization ?&%Agent.' s__VirtualPlaceID s__VirtualAddress s__VirtualAddress__t s__PlaceAddress__t s__VirtualPlaceID__t s__TelecomNumber__t '(&%deviceTelecomNumber ?&%TelecomNumber ?&%TelephonyDevice) means that ?&%TelephonyDevice is identified, and can be accessed, by ?&%TelecomNumber.' '(&%telecomCoreNumber ?&%SymbolicString ?&%TelecomNumber) means that ?&%SymbolicString is the &%part of a &%TelecomNumber that identifies an individual subscriber line, not including the area code and any possible extensions.' '(&%telecomCountryCode ?&%SymbolicString &%TelecomNumber) means that ?&%SymbolicString is the &%part of ?&%TelecomNumber that identifies the &%Nation in which the device identified by ?&%TelecomNumber is located (or registered). ?&%SymbolicString will be standard code conforming to, and assigned by, ITU-T Recommendation E.164.' '(&%telecomAreaCode ?&%SymbolicString &%TelecomNumber) means that ?&%SymbolicString is the &%part of ?&%TelecomNumber that follows the country code. ?&%SymbolicString may denote a &%GeographicArea in which the &%TelephonyDevice identified by ?&%TelecomNumber is located (registered), but it may also denote a call billing plan or status, as for 800 numbers in the North American Numbering Plan.' '(&%telecomCode2 ?&%SymbolicString ?&%TelecomNumber) means that ?&%SymbolicString is the second code (if there is one, such as a sub-area code) following the part of ?&%TelecomNumber denoted by &%telecomCountryCode.' '(&%telecomExtension ?&%SymbolicString ?&%TelecomNumber) means that ?&%SymbolicString is a &%part of ?&%TelecomNumber that identifies a &%TelephonyDevice within a group of such &%Devices, the members of which share a local subscriber line.' '(%&telephoneNumber ?NUMBER ?AGENT) means that ?&%Agent identifies a &%TelecomeNumber at which ?&%Agent can be contacted' '(&%personalPhoneNumber ?&%TelecomNumber ?&%Human) means that ?&%TelecomNumber identifies a &%Telephone at which ?&%Human can be contacted when not a work, or for purposes other than work.' '(&%homePhoneNumber ?&%TelecomNumber ?&%Human) means that ?&%TelecomNumber identifies a &%Telephone located at ?&%Humans &%PermanentResidence.' '(&%workPhoneNumber ?&%TelecomNumber ?&%Agent) means that ?&%TelecomNumber identifies a &%Telephone at which ?&%Agent can be contacted when at work, or for business purposes.' s__FixedPhone 'An &%instance of &%FixedPhone is a &%Telephone that must be connected to the telephone network via a cord.' s__FixedPhone__t s__Telephone__t s__MobileCellPhone s__MobileCellPhone__t 'A &%MobileCellPhone is a &%Telephone that connects to the telephone network by sending and receiving radio transmissions, rather than via a cord, and so is portable.' '(&%mobilePhoneNumber ?&%TelecomNumber ?&%Agent) means that ?&%TelecomNumber identifies a &%MobileCellPhone at which ?&%Agent can be contacted.' '(s__deviceTelecomNumber(V__NUMBER,V__DEVICE) & s__mobilePhoneNumber(V__NUMBER,V__AGENT))' '(&%faxNumber ?&%TelecomNumber ?&%Agent) means that ?&%TelecomNumber identifies a &%FaxMachine at which ?&%Agent can be contacted.' '(s__deviceTelecomNumber(V__NUMBER,V__DEVICE) & s__faxNumber(V__NUMBER,V__AGENT))' s__FabricIron s__FabricIron__t '&%FabricIron is a type of &%Device that has a flat metal base used to smooth cloth' iron s__IroningBoard s__IroningBoard__t '&%IroningBoard is a type of &%Device consisting of a flat, padded board used as a surface for ironing' 'ironing board' '(? [V__IRON,V__FABRIC,V__OBJ] : (s__instance(V__OBJ,s__Object) & s__instance(V__FABRIC,s__Object) & s__instance(V__IRON,s__Process) & s__instance(V__IRON,s__Ironing) & s__patient(V__IRON,V__OBJ) & s__part(V__FABRIC,V__OBJ) & s__instance(V__FABRIC,s__Fabric) & s__holdsDuring(s__WhenFn(V__IRON),s__orientation(V__OBJ,V__BOARD,s__On))))' s__Smoothing s__Smoothing__t '&%Smoothing is a type of &%SurfaceChange to make something &%Smooth' smoothing s__Ironing s__Ironing__t '&%Ironing refers to a &%Smoothing process where a heated &%Device is used to smooth something' ironing s__WhirlpoolTub '&%WhirlpoolTub refers to a &%FluidContainer used by &%Humans for relaxation with jets used to create water currents to massage the body' 'whirlpool tub' s__PressureControlValve '(? [V__WATER,V__CREATION,V__MOTION] : (s__instance(V__MOTION,s__Physical) & s__instance(V__CREATION,s__Process) & s__instance(V__WATER,s__Object) & s__instance(V__VALVE,s__Object) & s__instance(V__WATER,s__Water) & s__located(V__WATER,V__TUB) & s__instance(V__CREATION,s__Creation) & s__instrument(V__CREATION,V__VALVE) & s__result(V__CREATION,V__MOTION) & s__instance(V__MOTION,s__Motion) & s__located(V__MOTION,V__WATER)))' s__HotTub s__HotTub__t s__WhirlpoolTub__t '&%HotTub refers to a &%WhirlpoolTub that is capable of heating the water located in it' 'hot tub' '(? [V__HEAT] : (s__instance(V__HEAT,s__Process) & s__instance(V__HEAT,s__Heating) & s__instrument(V__HEAT,V__X) & s__patient(V__HEAT,V__WATER)))' s__SizeAttribute '&%SizeAttribute refers to attributes that pertain to the &%measure of some &%Object' 'size attribute' s__DoubleSize s__SizeAttribute__t '&%DoubleSize refers to how an &%Object can fit 2 of its target users at the same time' 'double size' '(? [V__T1] : s__holdsDuring(V__T1,(? [V__P1,V__P2] : (s__instance(V__P2,s__Physical) & s__instance(V__P1,s__Physical) & s__instance(V__T1,s__TimePosition) & s__instance(V__P1,s__Human) & s__instance(V__P2,s__Human) & (~ (V__P1 = V__P2)) & s__located(V__P1,V__X) & s__located(V__P2,V__X)))))' s__Kennel s__Kennel__t '&%Kennel is a &%TrapOrCage where a &%DomesticAnimal is &%Confining by its owner' kennel '(? [V__ANIMAL,V__CONFINING] : (s__instance(V__CONFINING,s__Process) & s__instance(V__ANIMAL,s__DomesticAnimal) & s__instance(V__CONFINING,s__Confining) & s__patient(V__CONFINING,V__ANIMAL) & s__eventLocated(V__CONFINING,V__KENNEL)))' s__DryingDevice '&%DryingDevice refers to any &%Device used as an instrument in the &%Drying process' 'drying device' '(? [V__DRYING] : (s__instance(V__DRYING,s__Process) & s__instance(V__DRYING,s__Drying) & s__instrument(V__DRYING,V__D)))' s__ClothesDryer__t s__DryingDevice__t s__WashingDevice__t s__HairDryer s__HairDryer__t '&%HairDryer is a type of &%DryingDevice used specifically for &%Drying &%Hair' 'hair dryer' '(? [V__HAIR,V__DRYING] : (s__instance(V__DRYING,s__Process) & s__instance(V__HAIR,s__Hair) & s__instance(V__DRYING,s__Drying) & s__patient(V__DRYING,V__HAIR) & s__instrument(V__DRYING,V__HD)))' s__SelfServiceLaundry s__SelfServiceLaundry__t '&%SelfServiceLaundry is a &%Room where a collection of coin-operatend washing machines and dryers are available for customers' 'self-service laundry' s__CommunalAttribute s__Microwave s__Microwave__t '&%Microwave is an &%ElectricDevice that heats food by passing an electromagnetic wave through it' microwave '(? [V__FOOD,V__HEATING] : (s__instance(V__HEATING,s__Process) & s__instance(V__FOOD,s__PreparedFood) & s__instance(V__HEATING,s__Heating) & s__instrument(V__HEATING,V__M) & s__patient(V__HEATING,V__FOOD)))' s__SmokeDetector s__SmokeDetector__t '&%SmokeDetector is a &%Device that is able to &%Discovering the presence of &%Smoke' 'smoke detector' '(? [V__DISCOVER,V__SMOKE] : (s__instance(V__DISCOVER,s__Process) & s__instance(V__DISCOVER,s__Discovering) & s__instrument(V__DISCOVER,V__D) & s__patient(V__DISCOVER,V__SMOKE) & s__instance(V__SMOKE,s__Smoke)))' s__Sprinkler s__Sprinkler__t '&%Sprinkler is a type of &%Device that loosely distributes a substance, either solid (e.g. Salt or herbs) or liquid (e.g. water sprinkler)' sprinkler s__WaterSprinkler s__WaterSprinkler__t '&%WaterSprinkler is a type of &%Sprinkler that releases &%Water' 'water sprinkler' '(? [V__WM] : (s__instance(V__WM,s__Process) & s__instance(V__WM,s__WaterMotion) & s__origin(V__WM,V__W)))' s__FireSprinklerSystem s__FireSprinklerSystem__t '&%FireSprinklerSystem is a &%Collection of &%Devices that allow water to be released when a &%Fire is detected' 'sprinkler system' s__IceMachine s__IceMachine__t '&%IceMachine is a type of &%Machine that produces &%Ice' 'ice machine' '(? [V__PROC,V__ICE] : (s__instance(V__PROC,s__Process) & s__instrument(V__PROC,V__IM) & s__result(V__PROC,V__ICE) & s__instance(V__ICE,s__Ice)))' s__AlarmClock s__AlarmClock__t '&%AlarmClock is a type of &%Clock that will radiate sound when a certain time is set' 'alarm clock' '(? [V__TIME,V__M,V__Q] : (s__instance(V__M,s__Measuring) & s__agent(V__M,V__AC) & s__result(V__M,V__Q) & (V__Q = V__TIME) & s__holdsDuring(s__WhenFn(V__M),(? [V__S] : (s__instance(V__S,s__Process) & s__instance(V__M,s__Process) & s__instance(V__S,s__RadiatingSound) & s__agent(V__S,V__AC))))))' s__AMFMAlarmClock s__AMFMAlarmClock__t '&%AMFMAlarmClock is a type of &%AlarmClock that is also a &%RadioReceiver, meaning it can get &%RadioBroadcast from &%RadioStation' 'am / fm alarm clock' s__ElectricCoffeeMaker s__ElectricCoffeeMaker__t '&%ElectricCoffeeMaker is a &%Device that makes &%Coffee' 'coffee maker' '(? [V__COFFEE,V__M] : (s__instance(V__M,s__Process) & s__instance(V__M,s__Making) & s__instrument(V__M,V__C) & s__result(V__M,V__COFFEE) & s__instance(V__COFFEE,s__Coffee)))' s__Clean '&%Clean describes how something is free from dirt or impurities' clean s__Dirty '&%Dirty describes how something has been soiled with dirt, dust or grime' dirty 'An &%instance of &%DataStorageDevice is a &%Device intended to be used for storing data (information).' s__Whiteboard s__Whiteboard__t s__DataStorageDevice__t '%&Whiteboard refers to flat surface where information can be encoded using erasable pens. This baord is normally colored White' whiteboard '(? [V__WRITE] : (s__instance(V__WRITE,s__Process) & s__instance(V__WRITE,s__Writing) & s__destination(V__WRITE,V__OBJ)))' s__Steam s__Steam__t '&%Steam refers to the &%Gas form of &%Water that is a result of &%Boiling it and diffusing it into the air' steam s__WaterHeater s__WaterHeater__t '(? [V__HEAT,V__WATER] : (s__instance(V__HEAT,s__Process) & s__instance(V__HEAT,s__Heating) & s__instance(V__WATER,s__Water) & s__patient(V__HEAT,V__WATER) & s__instrument(V__HEAT,V__X)))' '(&%airTemperature ?AREA ?TEMP) means that the temperature of the air at ?AREA is ?TEMP. Temperature may be expressed in units of &%TemperatureMeasure, including &%CelsiusDegree and &%FahrenheitDegree, among others.' s__TemperatureAttribute s__TemperatureAttribute__t '&%TemperatureAttribute is an attribute that describes the temperature of a certain object' 'temperature attribute' s__ColdTemperature '&%ColdTemperature is a type of &%TemperatureAttribute that has a low or inadequate temperature' cold s__HotTemperature s__CoolTemperature '&%CoolTemperature describes how there is some relief from heat but not very cold, is between cold and warm' cool s__WarmTemperature '&%WarmTemperature describes how there is a comfortable or agreeable degree of heat' warm '&%HotTemperature describes how something has a high temperature' hot s__Multilingual '&%Multilingual describes a person who is able to speak more than one language fluently' multilingual '(? [V__LANG1,V__LANG2] : (s__instance(V__LANG1,s__SpokenHumanLanguage) & s__instance(V__LANG2,s__SpokenHumanLanguage) & (~ (V__LANG1 = V__LANG2)) & (s__patient(V__SPEAK,V__LANG1) | s__patient(V__SPEAK,V__LANG2))))' s__RecreationalVehicle s__RecreationalVehicle__t 'A &%RecreationalVehicle is a type of motorized &%Vehicle that is used for camping or can serve as a &%Residence that is mobile' rv '(? [V__BED,V__DINING,V__KITCHEN] : (s__instance(V__KITCHEN,s__Physical) & s__instance(V__DINING,s__Physical) & s__instance(V__BED,s__Physical) & s__instance(V__BED,s__Bed) & s__instance(V__DINING,s__DiningArea) & s__instance(V__KITCHEN,s__KitchenArea) & s__located(V__BED,V__RV) & s__located(V__DINING,V__RV) & s__located(V__KITCHEN,V__RV)))' s__ElectronicLock s__ElectronicLock__t s__Lock__t '&%ElectronicLock is a type of &%Lock that depends on some &%ElectronicSignalling process to open' 'electronic lock' '(? [V__ES,V__PROC] : (s__instance(V__PROC,s__Process) & s__instance(V__ES,s__Process) & s__instance(V__ES,s__ElectronicSignalling) & s__destination(V__ES,V__LOCK) & s__instance(V__PROC,s__Opening) & s__instrument(V__PROC,V__LOCK) & s__before(s__BeginFn(s__WhenFn(V__ES)),s__BeginFn(s__WhenFn(V__PROC)))))' s__RunningTrack s__RunningTrack__t '&%RunningTrack is a &%StationaryArtifact which serves as a path for people running' 'running track' '(? [V__RUN,V__HUMAN] : (s__instance(V__HUMAN,s__Agent) & s__instance(V__RUN,s__Motion) & s__instance(V__HUMAN,s__Human) & s__instance(V__RUN,s__Running) & s__agent(V__RUN,V__HUMAN) & s__path(V__RUN,V__TRACK)))' s__KnockLight s__KnockLight__t '&%KnockLight is a type of &%Device that flashes light when a door knock is made. It is used by the hearing impaired' 'knock light' '(? [V__SOUND,V__LIGHT,V__IMPACT] : (s__instance(V__IMPACT,s__Process) & s__instance(V__LIGHT,s__Process) & s__instance(V__SOUND,s__Process) & s__instance(V__IMPACT,s__Impacting) & s__patient(V__IMPACT,V__DOOR) & s__causes(V__IMPACT,V__SOUND) & s__instance(V__SOUND,s__RadiatingSound) & s__agent(V__SOUND,V__DOOR) & s__causes(V__SOUND,V__LIGHT) & s__instance(V__LIGHT,s__RadiatingLight) & s__agent(V__LIGHT,V__KL)))' s__PrayerMat s__PrayerMat__t s__Rug__t '&%PrayerMat is a type of &%Rug which is used in &%Praying' 'prayer mat' '(? [V__PRAY,V__PERSON] : (s__instance(V__PERSON,s__Agent) & s__instance(V__PRAY,s__Process) & s__instance(V__PRAY,s__Praying) & s__agent(V__PRAY,V__PERSON) & s__instance(V__PERSON,s__Human) & s__holdsDuring(s__WhenFn(V__PRAY),s__orientation(V__PERSON,V__MAT,s__On))))' s__VideoGame s__VideoGame__t '&%VideoGame is a &%Game in &%VideoRecording form' 'video game' s__VideoGamePlayer s__VideoGamePlayer__t '&%VideoGamePlayer is a &%MediaSystem that enables the playing of a &%VideoGame' 'video game player' '(? [V__GAME,V__RL,V__MOVE,V__CONTROLLER,V__PLAYER] : (s__instance(V__PLAYER,s__Agent) & s__instance(V__CONTROLLER,s__Object) & s__instance(V__MOVE,s__Process) & s__instance(V__RL,s__Process) & s__instance(V__GAME,s__Process) & s__instance(V__GAME,s__VideoGame) & s__instrument(V__GAME,V__X) & s__agent(V__GAME,V__PLAYER) & s__instance(V__MOVE,s__Maneuver) & s__instrument(V__MOVE,V__CONTROLLER) & s__agent(V__MOVE,V__PLAYER) & s__subProcess(V__MOVE,V__GAME) & s__part(V__CONTROLLER,V__X) & s__instance(V__RL,s__RadiatingLight) & s__agent(V__RL,V__X) & s__patient(V__RL,V__GAME)))' s__ElectricalOutlet s__ElectricalOutlet__t '&%ElectricalOutlet refers to a &%Device that is used to connect a plug to a power source so that &%Electricity can flow from the source to an &%ElectricDevice' 'electrical outlet' '(? [V__POWER,V__WIRE] : (s__instance(V__WIRE,s__EngineeringConnection) & s__instance(V__POWER,s__EngineeringComponent) & s__instance(V__POWER,s__PowerSource) & s__instance(V__WIRE,s__Collection) & s__memberType(V__WIRE,s__WireLine) & s__connectsEngineeringComponents(V__WIRE,V__X,V__POWER)))' s__ElectricalPlug s__ElectricalPlug__t s__Plug__t '&%ElectricalPlug is a type of &%Plug made of metal that is normally used to conduct electricity from an &%ElectricalOutlet to an &%ElectricDevice' 'electrical plug' '(? [V__OUTLET] : (s__instance(V__OUTLET,s__Hole) & s__instance(V__OUTLET,s__ElectricalOutlet) & s__completelyFills(V__X,V__OUTLET)))' s__OutletAdapter s__OutletAdapter__t 'An &%OutletAdapter is a device that, on one side has &%Hole and on another side has metal prongs so that an &%ElectricalPlug can fit into an &%ElectricalOutlet' 'outlet adapter' '(? [V__OUTLET,V__PLUG] : (s__instance(V__PLUG,s__EngineeringComponent) & s__instance(V__OUTLET,s__Hole) & s__instance(V__OUTLET,s__EngineeringComponent) & s__instance(V__PLUG,s__ElectricalPlug) & s__instance(V__OUTLET,s__ElectricalOutlet) & s__completelyFills(V__PLUG,V__ADAPT) & s__completelyFills(V__ADAPT,V__OUTLET) & s__connectsEngineeringComponents(V__ADAPT,V__PLUG,V__OUTLET)))' s__AirConditioner s__AirConditioner__t '&%AirConditioner is a type of &%ElectricDevice that is designed to provide comfort during hot or cold weather by keeping the air in an area a specific temperature' 'air conditioner' '(? [V__PROC,V__TEMP,V__AREA] : (s__instance(V__AREA,s__Object) & s__instance(V__TEMP,s__TemperatureMeasure) & s__located(V__X,V__AREA) & s__instance(V__PROC,s__Process) & s__instrument(V__PROC,V__X) & s__result(V__PROC,s__airTemperature(V__AREA,V__TEMP))))' s__Surrounded '&%Surrounded describes how an object or a collection of objects &%meetsSpatially with all sides of another object' surrounded s__Courtyard s__Courtyard__t '&%Courtyard is an unroofed area wholly or partly surrounded by walls or buildings' courtyard s__SpeakerDevice s__SpeakerDevice__t '&%SpeakerDevice is a type of device that converts electrical signals into sounds loud enough to be heard at a distance' speaker '(? [V__RS] : (s__instance(V__RS,s__Process) & s__instance(V__RS,s__Object) & s__instance(V__RS,s__RadiatingSound) & s__instrument(V__RS,V__X) & s__attribute(V__RS,s__Audible)))' s__Earphone s__Earphone__t '&%Earphone is a type of &%Device that that converts electric signals into sound and is usually held over or inserted in the ear' earphone '(? [V__ES,V__RS,V__SIGNAL,V__EAR,V__PROC] : (s__instance(V__EAR,s__Object) & s__instance(V__RS,s__Process) & s__instance(V__ES,s__Process) & s__instance(V__ES,s__ElectricalSignalling) & s__patient(V__ES,V__SIGNAL) & s__destination(V__ES,V__X) & s__instance(V__PROC,s__Process) & s__instrument(V__PROC,V__X) & s__patient(V__PROC,V__SIGNAL) & s__result(V__PROC,V__RS) & s__instance(V__RS,s__RadiatingSound) & s__origin(V__RS,V__X) & s__before(s__BeginFn(s__WhenFn(V__ES)),s__BeginFn(s__WhenFn(V__PROC))) & s__before(s__BeginFn(s__WhenFn(V__PROC)),s__BeginFn(s__WhenFn(V__RS))) & s__instance(V__EAR,s__Ear) & s__orientation(V__X,V__EAR,s__Adjacent)))' s__Public__t 'a body of people sharing some common interest; example: the reading public.' '(s__member(V__AGENT1,s__Public) & s__member(V__AGENT2,s__Public) & (~ (V__AGENT1 = V__AGENT2)))' '(s__desires(V__AGENT1,V__INTEREST) & s__desires(V__AGENT2,V__INTEREST))' s__PublicAddressSystem s__PublicAddressSystem__t '&%PublicAddressSystem refers to an electronic amplification system used as a communication system in public areas' 'public address system' '(? [V__RS,V__AREA,V__GRP] : (s__instance(V__AREA,s__LandArea) & s__located(V__X,V__AREA) & s__instance(V__GRP,s__GroupOfPeople) & s__located(V__GRP,V__AREA) & s__instance(V__RS,s__RadiatingSound) & s__instrument(V__RS,V__X) & (! [V__PERSON] : ((s__instance(V__PERSON,s__SelfConnectedObject) & s__instance(V__PERSON,s__Agent) & s__instance(V__X,s__Object)) => (s__member(V__PERSON,V__GRP) => (? [V__HEAR] : (s__instance(V__HEAR,s__Process) & s__instance(V__GRP,s__Collection) & s__instance(V__AREA,s__Object) & s__instance(V__RS,s__Process) & s__instance(V__HEAR,s__Hearing) & s__patient(V__HEAR,V__RS) & s__agent(V__HEAR,V__PERSON))))))))' s__Wheelchair s__Wheelchair__t '&%Wheelchair is a type of &%LandVehicle that is used to individually transport those who cannot walk' wheelchair '(? [V__TRANSPORT,V__HUMAN] : (s__instance(V__HUMAN,s__Agent) & s__instance(V__TRANSPORT,s__Process) & s__instance(V__HUMAN,s__Human) & (~ s__capability(s__Walking,s__agent__m,V__HUMAN)) & s__instance(V__TRANSPORT,s__Transportation) & s__agent(V__TRANSPORT,V__HUMAN) & s__instrument(V__TRANSPORT,V__X)))' s__WheelchairAccessible '&%WheelchairAccessible describes how a location lets a person using a wheelchair move around without interference and with access to all features of that place.' 'wheelchair accessible' s__HandicappedFriendly '(? [V__MOTION,V__WHEELCHAIR] : (s__instance(V__WHEELCHAIR,s__Object) & s__instance(V__MOTION,s__Process) & s__instance(V__MOTION,s__Motion) & s__instrument(V__MOTION,V__WHEELCHAIR) & s__instance(V__WHEELCHAIR,s__Wheelchair) & s__eventLocated(V__MOTION,V__X)))' '&%HandicappedFriendly describes an object that can be easily used by somebody who has some &%Disability' 'handicapped friendly' s__Recliner s__Recliner__t '&%Recliner is a type of &%Seat whose back can be lowered and the foot can be rasied to allow the sitter to recline in it.' recliner '(? [V__INCLINE] : (s__instance(V__INCLINE,s__Process) & s__instance(V__INCLINE,s__Inclining) & s__patient(V__INCLINE,V__X)))' s__VisualContentBearingPhysical 'Instances of &%VisualContentBearingPhysical are &%ContentBearingPhysicals that are intended to convey meaning as the result of being seen.' s__VisualContentBearingObject s__VisualContentBearingPhysical__t 'Instances of &%VisualContentBearingObject are &%ContentBearingObjects that are intended to convey meaning as the result of being seen.' s__Image__t s__VisualContentBearingObject__t 'Instances of &%Image are &%VisualContentBearingObjects that convey their meaning primarily in non-textual form.' s__MultimediaProjector s__MultimediaProjector__t s__MediaSystem__t '&%MultimediaProjector is a type of &%MediaSystem that projects images on a screen' 'multimedia projector' '(? [V__RS,V__SCREEN,V__VIDEO] : (s__instance(V__SCREEN,s__Object) & s__instance(V__RS,s__Process) & s__instance(V__RS,s__RadiatingLight) & s__instrument(V__RS,V__X) & s__patient(V__RS,V__VIDEO) & (s__instance(V__VIDEO,s__VideoRecording) | s__instance(V__VIDEO,s__Image)) & s__destination(V__RS,V__SCREEN) & s__instance(V__SCREEN,s__Artifact) & s__attribute(V__SCREEN,s__Flat) & (~ s__connected(V__X,V__SCREEN))))' s__AudioRecorder s__AudioRecorder__t '&%AudioRecorder is a type of &%Device that creates an &%AudioRecording by capturing sound and storing it in a &%DataStorageDevice' 'audio recorder' '(? [V__RS,V__RECORD,V__PROC] : (s__instance(V__PROC,s__Process) & s__instance(V__RS,s__RadiatingSound) & s__instance(V__PROC,s__IntentionalProcess) & s__instrument(V__PROC,V__X) & s__patient(V__PROC,V__RS) & s__result(V__PROC,V__RECORD) & s__instance(V__RECORD,s__AudioRecording)))' s__VideoDisplay s__VideoDisplay__t '&%VideoDisplay is a type of &%ElectricDevice that can &%RadiatingLight to show &%VideoRecording' 'video display' '(? [V__RL,V__VIDEO] : (s__instance(V__RL,s__Process) & s__instance(V__RL,s__RadiatingLight) & s__instance(V__VIDEO,s__VideoRecording) & s__patient(V__RL,V__VIDEO) & s__instrument(V__RL,V__X)))' s__TDDPhone s__TDDPhone__t '&%TDDPhone, which stands for Telecommunications Device for the Deaf, describes a &%Telephone that is designed so that &%Deaf people can use it' '(? [V__AGENT,V__PHONING] : (s__instance(V__PHONING,s__Process) & s__instance(V__AGENT,s__Agent) & s__instance(V__PHONING,s__Telephoning) & s__instrument(V__PHONING,V__TDD) & s__agent(V__PHONING,V__AGENT) & s__attribute(V__AGENT,s__Deaf)))' s__Sail s__Sail__t '&%Sail refers to an &%Artifact made of some type of &%Fabric which by means of which wind is used to propel a sailing vessel' sail s__ACPowerSource s__PowerSource__t '&%ACPowerSource refers to an alternating current &%PowerSource' 'ac power source' s__SinglePhasePowerSource s__SinglePhasePowerSource__t s__ACPowerSource__t s__ThreePhasePowerSource s__ThreePhasePowerSource__t '(&%voltageMeasure ?OBJ ?MEAS) describes how much electricity ?OBJ, a power source, generates' 'voltage measure' s__Document 'Instances of &%Document are &%ContentBearingObjects that are intended to convey propositional content via &%Text (&%LinguisticExpressions, seen or heard), &%Images, or some combination of these (e.g., an audio clip included in an electronic document consisting mostly of &%VisualText and some &%Images). Formally, a &%Document constitutes any &%ContentBearingObject that is an &%Artifact conventionally typically intended to be transmitted and assimilated as a meaningful whole. An &%Article or a &%Book would be a &%Document, but a &%Word or &%Paragraph typically would not.' '(? [V__COMM] : (s__instance(V__COMM,s__Process) & s__instance(V__COMM,s__Communication) & s__instrument(V__COMM,V__DOC)))' s__Document__t 'A &%Document that has pages and is bound.' s__GuideBook '&%GuideBook is a type of &%Book that offers basic information about a place, normally designed for the use of visitors or tourists.' 'guide book' s__DiningGuide s__DiningGuide__t s__GuideBook__t '&%DiningGuide is a type of &%GuideBook that offers information about dining places around a specific location' 'dining guide' s__TelephoneHandset s__TelephoneHandset__t '&%TelephoneHandset is the part of the &%Telephone that has a &%Earphone and a &%Microphone for the transmission and reception of sound' 'telephone handset' s__FireAlarm s__FireAlarm__t '&%FireAlarm is a &%Device that releases a distinctive noise to inform people that there is a &%Fire' 'fire alarm' '(? [V__GRP] : (s__instance(V__GRP,s__GroupOfPeople) & s__located(V__GRP,V__LOC) & s__knows(V__GRP,(? [V__FIRE] : (s__instance(V__FIRE,s__Process) & s__instance(V__GRP,s__CognitiveAgent) & s__instance(V__RS,s__Process) & s__instance(V__FIRE,s__Fire) & s__eventLocated(V__FIRE,V__LOC))))))' s__GrabBar s__GrabBar__t '&%GrabBar is a bar attached to a &%Wall to provide a handgrip for steadying yourself' 'grab bar' '(? [V__GRAB] : (s__instance(V__GRAB,s__Process) & s__instance(V__GRAB,s__Grabbing) & s__instrument(V__GRAB,V__X)))' '(? [V__HUMAN] : (s__instance(V__HUMAN,s__CognitiveAgent) & s__attribute(V__HUMAN,s__PhysicalDisability) & s__inScopeOfInterest(V__HUMAN,V__X)))' s__HighRise s__HighRise__t '&%HighRise refers to a type of &%Building that has greater than 10 &%BuildingLevel' 'high rise' s__Soaking s__Soaking__t '&%Soaking refers to the process of &%Wetting wherein an &%Object is &%Surrounded by &%Water' soaking s__GrecianTub s__GrecianTub__t s__BathTub__t '&%GrecianTub is a combination of soaking tubs and standard tubs, meaning it has inreased depth for soaking, but can fit into tight spaces by not being as long as standard tubs' 'grecian tub' '(? [V__HUMAN,V__SOAK] : (s__instance(V__SOAK,s__Process) & s__instance(V__HUMAN,s__Agent) & s__instance(V__SOAK,s__Soaking) & s__instance(V__HUMAN,s__Human) & s__agent(V__SOAK,V__HUMAN) & s__patient(V__SOAK,V__HUMAN) & s__eventLocated(V__SOAK,V__X)))' s__HemisphereFigure s__HemisphereFigure__t '&%HemisphereFigure describes a figure that is half of a &%Sphere' hemisphere s__Dome s__Dome__t s__Ceiling__t '&%Dome is a type of &%Ceiling with a &%HemisphereFigure shape' dome s__Historical '&%Historical describes something that was important in &%History' historical s__Rural '&%Rural describes that is characteristic of country life as opposed to the city life' rural s__Suburban '&%Suburban describes something that is characteristic of a residential district on the outskirts of a city' suburban s__Urban '&%Urban describes something that is characteristic of a city or city life' urban s__Patio '&%Patio refers to an &%Region adjoining a building, usually &%Paved, that is used for outdoor activities' patio s__Lanai s__Lanai__t s__Patio__t '&%Lanai refers to a roofed outdoor area %&Adjacent to a &%Building often furnished and used as a living room' '(? [V__AREA] : (s__instance(V__AREA,s__Physical) & s__instance(V__ROOF,s__Object) & s__instance(V__AREA,s__SittingArea) & s__located(V__AREA,V__X)))' '(&%hasUniform ?GRP ?UNIFORM) means that ?GRP is associated or identified by ?UNIFORM and members of ?GRP are expected to wear ?UNIFORM' 'has uniform' '(? [V__PERS,V__CLOTHING,V__TIME] : (s__instance(V__TIME,s__TimePosition) & s__instance(V__CLOTHING,s__WearableItem) & s__instance(V__PERS,s__Animal) & s__member(V__PERS,V__GRP) & s__instance(V__CLOTHING,V__UNIFORM) & s__holdsDuring(V__TIME,s__wears(V__PERS,V__CLOTHING))))' s__UniformClothing__t '&%UniformClothing is a type of clothing with a distinctive design worn by members of a particular group as a means of identification' uniform s__Tripod s__Tripod__t '&%Tripod refers to a &%Device with 3 legs to support some other &%Object' tripod '(? [V__OBJ,V__PUT,V__PROC] : (s__instance(V__PUT,s__Process) & s__instance(V__OBJ,s__Object) & s__instance(V__OBJ,s__Artifact) & s__instance(V__PUT,s__Putting) & s__patient(V__PUT,V__OBJ) & s__destination(V__PUT,V__X) & s__instance(V__PROC,s__Process) & s__instrument(V__PROC,V__OBJ) & s__before(s__EndFn(s__WhenFn(V__PUT)),s__BeginFn(s__WhenFn(V__PROC)))))' s__Easel s__Easel__t '&%Easel is a type of &%Tripod that supports a flat object such as a canvas or a flipboard' easel '(? [V__OBJ,V__PUT] : (s__instance(V__PUT,s__Process) & s__instance(V__OBJ,s__Object) & s__instance(V__OBJ,s__Artifact) & s__attribute(V__OBJ,s__Flat) & s__instance(V__PUT,s__Putting) & s__patient(V__PUT,V__OBJ) & s__destination(V__PUT,V__X)))' s__Solarium s__Solarium__t '&%Solarium is a type of &%Room part of which is made with &%Transparent material like glass to afford exposure to the sun.' solarium s__ExerciseCenter s__ExerciseCenter__t '&%ExerciseCenter refers to a type of &%SportsFacility that has equipment and services for physical training and keeping fit' 'exercise center' '(? [V__DEVICE] : (s__instance(V__DEVICE,s__Physical) & (s__instance(V__DEVICE,s__AerobicExerciseDevice) | s__instance(V__DEVICE,s__AnaerobicExerciseDevice)) & s__located(V__DEVICE,V__X)))' s__GameRoom s__GameRoom__t '&%GameRoom refers to a type of &%Room that have facilities for &%Game that can be played' 'game room' '(? [V__GAME] : (s__instance(V__GAME,s__Process) & s__instance(V__GAME,s__Game) & s__eventLocated(V__GAME,V__X)))' s__Nursery s__Nursery__t '&%Nursery refers to a &%Room for babies' nursery s__SteamBath s__SteamBath__t '&%SteamBath refers to a room that is filled with &%Steam in order to make people sweat' 'steam bath' '(? [V__BATH] : (s__instance(V__BATH,s__Process) & s__instance(V__BATH,s__Bathing) & s__eventLocated(V__BATH,V__X)))' s__HeatedPool s__HeatedPool__t '&%HeatedPool is a type of &%SwimmingPool that has &%HotWaterHeater so that the &%Water in the pool is constantly kept at a certain warm temperature' 'heated pool' s__RoomHeater s__RoomHeater__t '&%RoomHeater is a type of &%HeatingDevice that heats the air in a confined space' 'room heater' '(? [V__AIR,V__HEATING,V__ROOM] : (s__instance(V__ROOM,s__Object) & s__instance(V__HEATING,s__Process) & s__instance(V__AIR,s__Physical) & s__instance(V__AIR,s__Air) & s__instance(V__ROOM,s__Room) & s__located(V__AIR,V__ROOM) & s__instance(V__HEATING,s__Heating) & s__patient(V__HEATING,V__AIR) & s__instrument(V__HEATING,V__X)))' s__DanceHall '&%DanceHall is a &%StationaryArtifact equipped with floors amenable to &%Dancing and devices that blare out &%MakingMusic' 'dance hall' '(? [V__DANCE,V__MUSIC] : (s__instance(V__MUSIC,s__Process) & s__instance(V__DANCE,s__Process) & s__instance(V__MUSIC,s__MakingMusic) & s__instance(V__DANCE,s__Dancing) & s__cooccur(V__MUSIC,V__DANCE) & s__eventLocated(V__MUSIC,V__DISCO) & s__eventLocated(V__DANCE,V__DISCO)))' s__NightClub s__NightClub__t s__DanceHall__t '&%NightClub is a type of &%DanceHall that typically opens at &%NightTime and has a &%Tavern located in it' 'night club' s__ScubaDiving s__ScubaDiving__t '&%ScubaDiving is &%Swimming &%Below a &%WaterArea with the aid of some &%Device to help in &%Breathing' 'scuba diving' s__AmericansWithDisabilitiesAct 'The &%AmericansWithDisabilitiesAct is a &%Proposition promulgated by the US Employment Opportunity Commission to give civil right protections to individuals with &%Disability similar to those provided to individuals on the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, age and religion. It guarantees equal opportunities for individuals with &%Disability in public accommodation, employment, transportation, State and local government services and telecommunications' 'ADA' '(&%conforms ?OBJ ?PROP) describes how ?OBJ follows the ideas outlined by ?PROP' conforms s__USFEMA '&%USFEMA, which stands for Federal Emergency Management Agency, is a &%GovernmentOrganization in charge of disaster mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery, education and references' fema '(&%approves ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2) means that ?AGENT1 is satisfied that ?AGENT2 has met some requirement or proposition, and publicly declares such' approves s__WetBar s__WetBar__t '&%WetBar is a place for preparing food and beverage that has a sink with running water' 'wet bar' '(? [V__PREP,V__FOOD] : (s__instance(V__PREP,s__Process) & s__instance(V__OBJ,s__Object) & s__instance(V__SINK,s__Object) & s__instance(V__PREP,s__Making) & s__result(V__PREP,V__FOOD) & (s__instance(V__FOOD,s__PreparedFood) | s__instance(V__FOOD,s__Beverage)) & s__eventLocated(V__PREP,V__OBJ)))' s__SurveillanceSystem s__SurveillanceSystem__t '&%SurveillanceSystem is a &%Collection of devices that work together to provide security by recording sound or video in a certain location and showing it instantly to people, presumably a &%SecurityUnit' 'surveillance system' '(? [V__PROC,V__VID,V__RL,V__CAPTURE] : (s__instance(V__CAPTURE,s__Process) & s__instance(V__CAPTURE,s__TimeInterval) & s__instance(V__RL,s__Process) & s__instance(V__RL,s__TimeInterval) & s__instance(V__PROC,s__TimeInterval) & s__instance(V__PROC,s__Process) & s__eventLocated(V__PROC,V__LOC1) & s__represents(V__VID,V__PROC) & s__instrument(V__CAPTURE,s__Camera) & s__result(V__CAPTURE,V__VID) & s__instance(V__RL,s__RadiatingLight) & s__instrument(V__RL,V__DISPLAY) & s__patient(V__RL,V__VID) & s__before(s__BeginFn(V__PROC),s__BeginFn(V__CAPTURE)) & s__before(s__BeginFn(V__CAPTURE),s__BeginFn(V__RL))))' '(? [V__S] : (s__instance(V__S,s__SurveillanceSystem) & s__inScopeOfInterest(V__X,V__S)))' s__ArtifactMediatedCommunication__t '&%ArtifactMediatedCommunication refers to &%Communication that uses some &%Artifact as an &%instrument or &%path for the &%Transfer of messages or information' 'artifact mediated communication' s__TelephoneCommunication '&%TelephoneCommunication refers to a &%Communication that is done through the use of the &%TelephoneSystem' 'telephone communication' s__OperatorAssistedTelephoneCommunication s__OperatorAssistedTelephoneCommunication__t s__TelephoneCommunication__t '&%OperatorAssistedTelephoneCommunication refers to &%TelephoneCommunication where an intermediary person connects origin and destination' 'operator assisted telephone communication' '(? [V__PROC] : (s__instance(V__PROC,s__IntentionalProcess) & s__agent(V__PROC,V__OPERATOR) & s__subProcess(V__PROC,V__X) & s__result(V__PROC,V__RESULT) & (V__RESULT = s__modalAttribute((? [V__COMM] : (s__instance(V__COMM,s__Process) & s__instance(V__PROC,s__Process) & s__instance(V__OPERATOR,s__Agent) & s__instance(V__ORIGIN,s__Object) & s__instance(V__COMM,s__Communication) & s__origin(V__COMM,V__ORIGIN) & s__destination(V__COMM,V__DEST))),s__Possibility))))' s__DirectDialTelephoneCommunication s__DirectDialTelephoneCommunication__t '&%DirectDialTelephoneCommunication refers to &%TelephoneCommunication where there is no operator that connects origin and destination' 'direct dial telephone communication' '(? [V__PROC] : (s__instance(V__PROC,s__IntentionalProcess) & s__agent(V__PROC,V__OPERATOR) & s__subProcess(V__PROC,V__X) & s__result(V__PROC,V__RESULT) & (V__RESULT = s__modalAttribute((? [V__COMM] : (s__instance(V__COMM,s__Process) & s__instance(V__PROC,s__Process) & s__instance(V__OPERATOR,s__Agent) & s__instance(V__COMM,s__Communication) & s__origin(V__COMM,V__ORIGIN) & s__destination(V__COMM,V__DEST))),s__Possibility))))' s__VoiceMail s__VoiceMail__t '&%VoiceMail refers to an &%AudioRecording that is done through the &%TelephoneSystem' s__Local '&%Local refers to something within the same region or area' local s__Domestic '&%Domestic refers to something within the same &%Nation' domestic s__International '&%International refers to something outside of the country' international '&%CommunalAttribute describes how an &%Object is shared by many' communal s__PrivateAttribute '&%PrivateAttribute describes how an object is not available to other people without the consent of the current owner' '(~ s__attribute(V__X,s__CommunalAttribute))' '(~ s__attribute(V__X,s__PrivateAttribute))' '&%Policy is (the contents of) a type of &%Declaring created and enforced by an &%Organization such as a government or a business, which contains guiding principles or a plan or course of action adopted by that organization.' policy s__Policy__t '(&%policyOwner ?&%Organization ?&%Policy) describes how ?&%Policy is adopted and enforced by ?&%Organization' 'policy owner' s__Hydrogen__t 'Hydrogen' 'H' "1.0079" 'Colourless, odourless gaseous chemical element. Lightest and most abundant element in the universe. Present in water and in all organic compounds. Chemically reacts with most elements. Discovered by Henry Cavendish in 1776.' s__Helium s__Helium__t 'Helium' 'He' "4.0026" 'Colourless, odourless gaseous nonmetallic element. Belongs to group 18 of the periodic table. Lowest boiling point of all elements and can only be solidified under pressure. Chemically inert, no known compounds. Discovered in the solar spectrum in 1868 by Lockyer.' s__Lithium s__Lithium__t 'Lithium' 'Li' "6.939" 'Socket silvery metal. First member of group 1 of the periodic table. Lithium salts are used in psychomedicine.' s__Beryllium s__Beryllium__t 'Beryllium' 'Be' "9.0122" 'Grey metallic element of group 2 of the periodic table. Is toxic and can cause severe lung diseases and dermatitis. Shows high covalent character. It was isolated independently by F. Wohler and A.A. Bussy in 1828.' s__Boron s__Boron__t 'Boron' 'B' "10.811" 'An element of group 13 of the periodic table. There are two allotropes, amorphous boron is a brown power, but metallic boron is black. The metallic form is hard (9.3 on Mohs scale) and a bad conductor in room temperatures. It is never found free in nature. Boron-10 is used in nuclear reactor control rods and shields. It was discovered in 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy and by J.L. Gay-Lussac and L.J. Thenard.' s__Carbon__t 'Carbon' 'C' "12.01115" 'Carbon is a member of group 14 of the periodic table. It has three allotropic forms of it, diamonds, graphite and fullerite. Carbon-14 is commonly used in radioactive dating. Carbon occurs in all organic life and is the basis of organic chemistry. Carbon has the interesting chemical property of being able to bond with itself, and a wide variety of other elements.' s__Nitrogen__t 'Nitrogen' 'N' "14.0067" 'Colourless, gaseous element which belongs to group 15 of the periodic table. Constitutes ~78 percent of the atmosphere and is an essential part of the ecosystem. Nitrogen for industrial purposes is acquired by the fractional distillation of liquid air. Chemically inactive, reactive generally only at high temperatures or in electrical discharges. It was discovered in 1772 by D. Rutherford.' s__Oxygen__t 'Oxygen' 'O' "15.9994" 'A colourless, odourless gaseous element belonging to group 16 of the periodic table. It is the most abundant element present in the earths crust. It also makes up 20.8 percent of the Earths atmosphere. For industrial purposes, it is separated from liquid air by fractional distillation. It is used in high temperature welding, and in breathing. It commonly comes in the form of Oxygen, but is found as Ozone in the upper atmosphere. It was discovered by Priestley in 1774.' s__Fluorine s__Fluorine__t 'Fluorine' 'F' "9" "18.9984" 'A poisonous pale yellow gaseous element belonging to group 17 of the periodic table (The halogens). It is the most chemically reactive and electronegative element. It is highly dangerous, causing severe chemical burns on contact with flesh. Fluorine was identified by Scheele in 1771 and first isolated by Moissan in 1886.' s__Neon s__Neon__t 'Neon' 'Ne' "20.183" 'Colourless gaseous element of group 18 on the periodic table (noble gases). Neon occurs in the atmosphere, and comprises 0.0018 percent of the volume of the atmosphere. It has a distinct reddish glow when used in discharge tubes and neon based lamps. It forms almost no chemical compounds. Neon was discovered in 1898 by Sir William Ramsey and M.W. Travers. ' s__Sodium__t 'Sodium' 'Na' "11" "22.9898" 'Soft silvery reactive element belonging to group 1 of the periodic table (alkali metals). It is highly reactive, oxidizing in air and reacting violently with water, forcing it to be kept under oil. It was first isolated by Humphrey Davy in 1807.' s__Magnesium s__Magnesium__t 'Magnesium' 'Mg' "24.312" 'Silvery metallic element belonging to group 2 of the periodic table (alkaline-earth metals). It is essential for living organisms, and is used in a number of light alloys. Chemically very reactive, it forms a protective oxide coating when exposed to air and burns with an intense white flame. It also reacts with sulphur, nitrogen and the halogens. First isolated by Bussy in 1828.' s__Aluminum s__Aluminum__t 'Aluminum' 'Al' "13" "26.9815" 'Silvery-white lustrous metallic element of group 3 of the periodic table. Highly reactive but protected by a thin transparent layer of the oxide which quickly forms in air. There are many alloys of aluminum, as well as a good number of industrial uses. Makes up 8.1 percent of the Earths crust, by weight. Isolated in 1825 by H.C. Oersted.' s__Silicon s__Silicon__t 'Silicon' 'Si' "28.086" 'Metalloid element belonging to group 14 of the periodic table. It is the second most abundant element in the Earths crust, making up 25.7 percent of it by weight. Chemically less reactive than carbon. First identified by Lavoisier in 1787 and first isolated in 1823 by Berzelius.' s__Phosphorus s__Phosphorus__t 'Phosphorus' 'P' "15" "30.9738" 'Non-metallic element belonging to group 15 of the periodic table. Has a multiple allotropic forms. Essential element for living organisms. It was discovered by Brandt in 1669.' s__Sulphur s__Sulphur__t 'Sulphur' 'S' "16" "32.064" 'Yellow, nonmetallic element belonging to group 16 of the periodic table. It is an essential element in living organisms, needed in the amino acids cysteine and methionine, and hence in many proteins. Absorbed by plants from the soil as sulphate ion.' s__Chlorine__t 'Chlorine' 'Cl' "17" "35.453" 'Halogen element. Poisonous greenish-yellow gas. Occurs widely in nature as sodium chloride in seawater. Reacts directly with many elements and compounds, strong oxidizing agent. Discovered by Karl Scheele in 1774. Humphrey David confirmed it as an element in 1810.' s__Argon s__Argon__t 'Argon' 'Ar' "39.948" 'Monatomic noble gas. Makes up 0.93 percent of the air. Colourless, odorless. Is inert and has no true compounds. Lord Rayleigh and Sir william Ramsey identified argon in 1894.' s__Potassium s__Potassium__t 'Potassium' 'K' "19" "39.0983" 'Soft silvery metallic element belonging to group 1 of the periodic table (alkali metals). Occurs naturally in seawater and a many minerals. Highly reactive, chemically, it resembles sodium in its behavior and compounds. Discovered by Sir Humphry Davy in 1807.' s__Calcium s__Calcium__t 'Calcium' 'Ca' "40.08" 'Soft grey metallic element belonging to group 2 of the periodic table. Used a reducing agent in the extraction of thorium, zirconium and uranium. Essential element for living organisms.' s__Scandium s__Scandium__t 'Scandium' 'Sc' "21" "44.956" 'Rare soft silvery metallic element belonging to group 3 of the periodic table. There are ten isotopes, nine of which are radioactive and have short half-lives. Predicted in 1869 by Mendeleev, isolated by Nilson in 1879.' s__Titanium s__Titanium__t 'Titanium' 'Ti' "22" "47.90" 'White metallic transition element. Occurs in numerous minerals. Used in strong, light corrosion-resistant alloys. Forms a passive oxide coating when exposed to air. First discovered by Gregor in 1789.' s__Vanadium s__Vanadium__t 'Vanadium' 'V' "23" "50.9415" 'Soft and ductile, bright white metal. Good resistance to corrosion by alkalis, sulphuric and hydrochloric acid. It oxidizes readily about 933K. There are two naturally occurring isotopes of vanadium, and 5 radioisotopes, V-49 having the longest half-life at 337 days. Vanadium has nuclear applications, the foil is used in cladding titanium to steel, and vanadium-gallium tape is used to produce a superconductive magnet. Originally discovered by Andres Manuel del Rio of Mexico City in 1801. His discovery went unheeded, however, and in 1820, Nils Gabriel Sefstron of Sweden rediscovered it. Metallic vanadium was isolated by Henry Enfield Roscoe in 1867. The name vanadium comes from {Vanadis}, a goddess of Scandinavian mythology. Silvery-white metallic transition element. Vanadium is essential to {ascidian}s. Rats and chickens are also known to require it. Metal powder is a fire hazard, and vanadium compounds should be considered highly toxic. May cause lung cancer if inhaled.' s__Chromium s__Chromium__t 'Chromium' 'Cr' "51.996" 'Hard silvery transition element. Used in decorative electroplating. Discovered in 1797 by Vauquelin.' s__Manganese s__Manganese__t 'Manganese' 'Mn' "25" "54.938" 'Grey brittle metallic transition element. Rather electropositive, combines with some non-metals when heated. Discovered in 1774 by Scheele.' s__Iron__t 'Iron' 'Fe' "26" "55.847" 'Silvery malleable and ductile metallic transition element. Has nine isotopes and is the fourth most abundant element in the earths crust. Required by living organisms as a trace element (used in hemoglobin in humans.) Quite reactive, oxidizes in moist air, displaces hydrogen from dilute acids and combines with nonmetallic elements.' s__Cobalt s__Cobalt__t 'Cobalt' 'Co' "27" "58.993" 'Light grey transition element. Some meteorites contain small amounts of metallic cobalt. Generally alloyed for use. Mammals require small amounts of cobalt salts. Cobalt-60, an artificially produced radioactive isotope of Cobalt is an important radioactive tracer and cancer-treatment agent. Discovered by G. Brandt in 1737.' s__Nickel s__Nickel__t 'Nickel' 'Ni' "58.71" 'Malleable ductile silvery metallic transition element. Discovered by A.F. Cronstedt in 1751.' s__Copper__t 'Copper' 'Cu' "63.54" 'Red-brown transition element. Known by the Romans as cuprum. Extracted and used for thousands of years. Malleable, ductile and an excellent conductor of heat and electricity. When in moist conditions, a greenish layer forms on the outside.' s__Zinc__t 'Zinc' 'Zn' "65.38" 'Blue-white metallic element. Occurs in multiple compounds naturally. Five stable isotopes are six radioactive isotopes have been found. Chemically a reactive metal, combines with oxygen and other non-metals, reacts with dilute acids to release hydrogen.' s__Gallium s__Gallium__t 'Gallium' 'Ga' "69.72" 'Soft silvery metallic element, belongs to group 13 of the periodic table. The two stable isotopes are Ga-69 and Ga-71. Eight radioactive isotopes are known, all having short half-lives. Gallium Arsenide is used as a semiconductor. Corrodes most other metals by diffusing into their lattice. First identified by Francois Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875.' s__Germanium s__Germanium__t 'Germanium' 'Ge' "72.59" 'Lustrous hard metalloid element, belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Forms a large number of organometallic compounds. Predicted by Mendeleev in 1871, it was actually found in 1886 by Winkler.' s__Arsenic s__Arsenic__t 'Arsenic' 'As' "33" "74.922" 'Metalloid element of group 15. There are three allotropes, yellow, black, and grey. Reacts with halogens, concentrated oxidizing acids and hot alkalis. Albertus Magnus is believed to have been the first to isolate the element in 1250.' s__Selenium s__Selenium__t 'Selenium' 'Se' "34" "78.96" 'Metalloid element, belongs to group 16 of the periodic table. Multiple allotropic forms exist. Chemically resembles sulphur. Discovered in 1817 by Jons J. Berzelius.' s__Bromine s__Bromine__t 'Bromine' 'Br' "35" "79.909" 'Halogen element. Red volatile liquid at room temperature. Its reactivity is somewhere between chlorine and iodine. Harmful to human tissue in a liquid state, the vapour irritates eyes and throat. Discovered in 1826 by Antoine Balard.' s__Krypton s__Krypton__t 'Krypton' 'Kr' "36" "83.80" 'Colorless gaseous element, belongs to the noble gases. Occurs in the air, 0.0001 percent by volume. It can be extracted from liquid air by fractional distillation. Generally not isolated, but used with other inert gases in fluorescent lamps. Five natural isotopes, and five radioactive isotopes. Kr-85, the most stable radioactive isotope, has a half-life of 10.76 years and is produced in fission reactors. Practically inert, though known to form compounds with {fluorine}.' s__Rubidium s__Rubidium__t 'Rubidium' 'Rb' "37" "85.47" 'Soft silvery metallic element, belongs to group 1 of the periodic table. Rb-97, the naturally occurring isotope, is radioactive. It is highly reactive, with properties similar to other elements in group 1, like igniting spontaneously in air. Discovered spectroscopically in 1861 by W. Bunsen and G.R. Kirchoff.' s__Strontium s__Strontium__t 'Strontium' 'Sr' "38" "87.62" 'Soft yellowish metallic element, belongs to group 2 of the periodic table. Highly reactive chemically. Sr-90 is present in radioactive fallout and has a half-life of 28 years. Discovered in 1798 by Klaproth and Hope, isolated in 1808 by Humphry Davy.' s__Yttrium s__Yttrium__t 'Yttrium' 'Y' "39" "88.905" 'Silvery-grey metallic element of group 3 on the periodic table. Found in uranium ores. The only natural isotope is Y-89, there are 14 other artificial isotopes. Chemically resembles the lanthanoids. Stable in the air below 400 degrees, celsius. Discovered in 1828 by Friedrich Wohler.' s__Zirconium s__Zirconium__t 'Zirconium' 'Zr' "40" "91.22" 'Grey-white metallic transition element. Five natural isotopes and six radioactive isotopes are known. Used in nuclear reactors for a {neutron} absorber. Discovered in 1789 by Martin Klaproth, isolated in 1824 by Berzelius.' s__Niobium s__Niobium__t 'Niobium' 'Nb' "41" "92.906" 'Soft, ductile grey-blue metallic transition element. Used in special steels and in welded joints to increase strength. Combines with halogens and oxidizes in air at 200 degrees celsius. Discovered by Charles Hatchett in 1801 and isolated by Blomstrand in 1864. Called {columbium} originally.' s__Molybdenum s__Molybdenum__t 'Molybdenum' 'Mo' "42" "95.94" 'Silvery-white, hard metallic transition element. It is chemically unreactive and is not affected by most acids. It oxidizes at high temperatures. There are seven natural isotopes, and four radioisotopes, Mo-93 being the most stable with a half-life of 3500 years. Molybdenum is used in almost all high-strength steels, it has nuclear applications, and is a catalyst in petroleum refining. Discovered in 1778 by Carl Welhelm Scheele of Sweden. Impure metal was prepared in 1782 by Peter Jacob Hjelm. The name comes from the Greek word molybdos which means lead. Trace amounts of molybdenum are required for all known forms of life. All molybdenum compounds should be considered highly toxic, and will also cause severe birth defects.' s__Technetium s__Technetium__t 'Technetium' 'Tc' "43" "98" 'Radioactive metallic transition element. Can be detected in some stars and the fission products of uranium. First made by Perrier and Segre by bombarding molybdenum with deutrons, giving them Tc-97. Tc-99 is the most stable isotope with a half-life of 2.6*10^6 years. Sixteen isotopes are known. Organic technetium compounds are used in bone imaging. Chemical properties are intermediate between rhenium and manganese.' s__Ruthenium s__Ruthenium__t 'Ruthenium' 'Ru' "44" "101.07" 'Hard white metallic transition element. Found with platinum, used as a catalyst in some platinum alloys. Dissolves in fused alkalis, and is not attacked by acids. Reacts with halogens and oxygen at high temperatures. Isolated in 1844 by K.K. Klaus.' s__Rhodium s__Rhodium__t 'Rhodium' 'Rh' "45" "102.905" 'Silvery white metallic transition element. Found with platinum and used in some platinum alloys. Not attacked by acids, dissolves only in aqua regia. Discovered in 1803 by W.H. Wollaston.' s__Palladium s__Palladium__t 'Palladium' 'Pd' "46" "106.4" 'Soft white ductile transition element. Found with some copper and nickel ores. Does not react with oxygen at normal temperatures. Dissolves slowly in hydrochloric acid. Discovered in 1803 by W.H. Wollaston.' s__Silver s__Silver__t 'Silver' 'Ag' "47" "107.870" 'White lustrous soft metallic transition element. Found in both its elemental form and in minerals. Used in jewellery, tableware and so on. Less reactive than silver, chemically.' s__Cadmium s__Cadmium__t 'Cadmium' 'Cd' "48" "112.40" 'Soft bluish metal belonging to group 12 of the periodic table. Extremely toxic even in low concentrations. Chemically similar to zinc, but lends itself to more complex compounds. Discovered in 1817 by F. Stromeyer.' s__Indium s__Indium__t 'Indium' 'In' "49" "114.82" 'Soft silvery element belonging to group 13 of the periodic table. The most common natural isotope is In-115, which has a half-life of 6*10^4 years. Five other radioisotopes exist. Discovered in 1863 by Reich and Richter.' s__Tin s__Tin__t 'Tin' 'Sn' "50" "118.69" 'Silvery malleable metallic element belonging to group 14 of the periodic table. Twenty-six isotopes are known, five of which are radioactive. Chemically reactive. Combines directly with chlorine and oxygen and displaces hydrogen from dilute acids. ' s__Antimony s__Antimony__t 'Antimony' 'Sb' "51" "121.75" 'Element of group 15. Multiple allotropic forms. The stable form of antimony is a blue-white metal. Yellow and black antimony are unstable non-metals. Used in flame-proofing, paints, ceramics, enamels, and rubber. Attacked by oxidizing acids and halogens. First reported by Tholden in 1450.' s__Tellurium s__Tellurium__t 'Tellurium' 'Te' "52" "127.60" 'Silvery metalloid element of group 16. Eight natural isotopes, nine radioactive isotopes. Used in semiconductors and to a degree in some steels. Chemistry is similar to {sulphur}. Discovered in 1782 by Franz Miller.' s__Iodine s__Iodine__t 'Iodine' 'I' "53" "126.904" 'Dark violet nonmetallic element, belongs to group 17 of the periodic table. Insoluble in water. Required as a trace element for living organisms. One stable isotope, I-127 exists, in addition to fourteen radioactive isotopes. Chemically the least reactive of the halogens, and the most electropositive metallic halogen. Discovered in 1812 by Courtois. ' s__Xenon s__Xenon__t 'Xenon' 'Xe' "54" "131.30" 'Colourless, odourless gas belonging to group 18 on the periodic table (the noble gases.) Nine natural isotopes and seven radioactive isotopes are known. Xenon was part of the first noble-gas compound synthesized. Several others involving Xenon have been found since then. Xenon was discovered by Ramsey and Travers in 1898.' s__Caesium s__Caesium__t 'Caesium' 'Cs' "55" "132.90545" 'Soft silvery-white metallic element belonging to group 1 of the periodic table. One of the three metals which are liquid at room temperature. Cs-133 is the natural, and only stable, isotope. Fifteen other radioisotopes exist. Caesium reacts explosively with cold water, and ice at temperatures above 157K. Caesium hydroxide is the strongest base known. Caesium is the most electropositive, most alkaline and has the least ionization potential of all the elements. Known uses include the basis of atomic clocks, catalyst for the hydrogenation of some organic compounds, and in photoelectric cells. Caesium was discovered by Gustav Kirchoff and Robert Bunsen in Germany in 1860 spectroscopically. Its identification was based upon the bright blue lines in its spectrum. The name comes from the latin word caesius, which means sky blue. Caesium should be considered highly toxic. Some of the radioisotopes are even more toxic.' s__Barium s__Barium__t 'Barium' 'Ba' "56" "137.34" 'Silvery-white reactive element, belonging to group 2 of the periodic table. Soluble barium compounds are extremely poisonous. Identified in 1774 by Karl Scheele and extracted in 1808 by Humphry Davy.' s__Lanthanum s__Lanthanum__t 'Lanthanum' 'La' "57" "138.9055" '(From the Greek word lanthanein, to line hidden) Silvery metallic element belonging to group 3 of the periodic table and oft considered to be one of the lanthanoids. Found in some rare-earth minerals. Twenty-five natural isotopes exist. La-139 which is stable, and La-138 which has a half-life of 10^10 to 10^15 years. The other twenty-three isotopes are radioactive. It resembles the lanthanoids chemically. Lanthanum has a low to moderate level of toxicity, and should be handled with care. Discovered in 1839 by C.G. Mosander.' s__Cerium s__Cerium__t 'Cerium' 'Ce' "58" "140.12" 'Silvery metallic element, belongs to the lanthanoids. Four natural isotopes exist, and fifteen radioactive isotopes have been identified. Used in some rare-earth alloys. The oxidized form is used in the glass industry. Discovered by Martin .H. Klaproth in 1803.' s__Praseodymium s__Praseodymium__t 'Praseodymium' 'Pr' "59" "140.907" 'Soft silvery metallic element, belongs to the lanthanoids. Only natural isotope is Pr-141 which is not radioactive. Fourteen radioactive isotopes have been artificially produced. Used in rare-earth alloys. Discovered in 1885 by C.A. von Welsbach.' s__Neodymium s__Neodymium__t 'Neodymium' 'Nd' "144.24" 'Soft bright silvery metallic element, belongs to the lanthanoids. Seven natural isotopes, Nd-144 being the only radioactive one with a half-life of 10^10 to 10^15 years. Six artificial radioisotopes have been produced. The metal is used in glass works to color class a shade of violet-purple and make it dichroic. One of the more reactive rare-earth metals, quickly reacts with air. Used in some rare-earth alloys. Neodymium is used to color the glass used in welders glasses. Neodymium is also used in very powerful, permanent magnets (Nd2Fe14B). Discovered by Carl F. Auer von Welsbach in Austria in 1885 by separating didymium into its elemental components {praseodymium} and neodymium. The name comes from the Greek words neos didymos which means new twin. Neodymium should be considered highly toxic, however evidence would seem to show that it acts as little more than a skin and eye irritant. The dust however, presents a fire and explosion hazard.' s__Promethium s__Promethium__t 'Promethium' 'Pm' "61" "147" 'Soft silvery metallic element, belongs to the lanthanoids. Pm-147, the only natural isotope, is radioactive and has a half-life of 252 years. Eighteen radioisotopes have been produced, but all have very short half-lives. Found only in nuclear decay waste. Pm-147 is of interest as a beta-decay source, however Pm-146 and Pm-148 have to be removed from it first, as they generate gamma radiation. Discovered by J.A. Marinsky, L.E. Glendenin and C.D. Coryell in 1947.' s__Samarium s__Samarium__t 'Samarium' 'Sm' "62" "150.35" 'Soft silvery metallic element, belongs to the lanthanoids. Seven natural isotopes, Sm-147 is the only radioisotope, and has a half-life of 2.5*10^11 years. Used for making special alloys needed in the production of nuclear reactors. Also used as a neutron absorber. Small quantities of samarium oxide is used in special optical glasses. The largest use of the element is its ferromagnetic alloy which produces permanent magnets that are five times stronger than magnets produced by any other material. Discovered by Francois Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1879.' s__Europium s__Europium__t 'Europium' 'Eu' "63" "151.25" 'Soft silvery metallic element belonging to the lanthanoids. Eu-151 and Eu-153 are the only two stable isotopes, both of which are {neutron} absorbers. Discovered in 1889 by Sir William Crookes.' s__Gadolinium s__Gadolinium__t 'Gadolinium' 'Gd' "64" "157.25" 'Soft silvery metallic element belonging to the lanthanoids. Seven natural, stable isotopes are known in addition to eleven artificial isotopes. Gd-155 and Gd-157 and the best neutron absorbers of all elements. Gadolinium compounds are used in electronics. Discovered by J.C.G Marignac in 1880.' s__Terbium s__Terbium__t 'Terbium' 'Tb' "65" "158.924" 'Silvery metallic element belonging to the lanthanoids. Tb-159 is the only stable isotope, there are seventeen artificial isotopes. Discovered by G.G. Mosander in 1843.' s__Dysprosium s__Dysprosium__t 'Dysprosium' 'Dy' "66" "162.50" 'Metallic with a bright silvery-white lustre. Dysprosium belongs to the lanthanoids. It is relatively stable in air at room temperatures, it will however dissolve in mineral acids, evolving hydrogen. It is found in from rare-earth minerals. There are seven natural isotopes of dysprosium, and eight radioisotopes, Dy-154 being the most stable with a half-life of 3*10^6 years. Dysprosium is used as a neutron absorber in nuclear fission reactions, and in compact disks. It was discovered by Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1886 in France. Its name comes from the Greek word dysprositos, which means hard to obtain.' s__Holmium s__Holmium__t 'Holmium' 'Ho' "67" "167.26" 'Relatively soft and malleable silvery-white metallic element, which is stable in dry air at room temperature. It oxidizes in moist air and at high temperatures. It belongs to the lanthanoids. A rare-earth metal, it is found in the minerals monazite and gadolinite. It possesses unusual magnetic properties. One natural isotope, Ho-165 exists, six radioisotopes exist, the most stable being Ho-163 with a half-life of 4570 years. Holmium is used in some metal alloys, it is also said to stimulate the metabolism. Discovered by Per Theodor Cleve and J.L. Soret in Switzerland in 1879. The name homium comes from the Greek word Holmia which means Sweden. While all holmium compounds should be considered highly toxic, initial evidence seems to indicate that they do not pose much danger. The metals dust however, is a fire hazard.' s__Erbium s__Erbium__t 'Erbium' 'Er' "68" 'Soft silvery metallic element which belongs to the lanthanoids. Six natural isotopes that are stable. Twelve artificial isotopes are known. Used in nuclear technology as a neutron absorber. It is being investigated for other possible uses. Discovered by Carl G. Mosander in 1843.' s__Thulium s__Thulium__t 'Thulium' 'Tm' "69" "168.934" 'Soft grey metallic element that belongs to the lanthanoids. One natural isotope exists, Tm-169, and seventeen artificial isotopes have been produced. No known uses for the element. Discovered in 1879 by Per Theodor Cleve.' s__Ytterbium s__Ytterbium__t 'Ytterbium' 'Yb' "70" "173.04" 'Silvery metallic element of the lanthanoids. Seven natural isotopes and ten artificial isotopes are known. Used in certain steels. Discovered by J.D.G. Marignac in 1878.' s__Lutetium s__Lutetium__t 'Lutetium' 'Lu' "71" "194.967" 'Silvery-white rare-earth metal which is relatively stable in air. It happens to be the most expensive rare-earth metal. Its found with almost all rare-earth metals, but is very difficult to separate from other elements. Least abundant of all natural elements. Used in metal alloys, and as a catalyst in various processes. There are two natural, stable isotopes, and seven radioisotopes, the most stable being Lu-174 with a half-life of 3.3 years. The separation of lutetium from {ytterbium} was described by Georges Urbain in 1907. It was discovered at approximately the same time by Carl Auer von Welsbach. The name comes from the Greek word lutetia which means Paris.' s__Hafnium s__Hafnium__t 'Hafnium' 'Hf' "72" "178.49" 'Silvery lustrous metallic transition element. Used in tungsten alloys in filaments and electrodes, also acts as a neutron absorber. First reported by Urbain in 1911, existence was finally established in 1923 by D. Coster, G.C. de Hevesy in 1923.' s__Tantalum s__Tantalum__t 'Tantalum' 'Ta' "73" "180.948" 'Heavy blue-grey metallic transition element. Ta-181 is a stable isotope, and Ta-180 is a radioactive isotope, with a half-life in excess of 10^7 years. Used in surgery as it is unreactive. Forms a passive oxide layer in air. Identified in 1802 by Ekeberg and isolated in 1820 by Jons J. Berzelius.' s__Tungsten s__Tungsten__t 'Tungsten' 'W' "74" "183.85" 'White or grey metallic transition element, formerly called {wolfram}. Forms a protective oxide in air and can be oxidized at high temperature. First isolated by Jose and Fausto de Elhuyer in 1783.' s__Rhenium s__Rhenium__t 'Rhenium' 'Re' "75" "186.2" 'Silvery-white metallic transition element. Obtained as a by-product of molybdenum refinement. Rhenium-molybdenum alloys are superconducting.' s__Osmium s__Osmium__t 'Osmium' 'Os' "76" "190.2" 'Hard blue-white metallic transition element. Found with platinum and used in some alloys with platinum and iridium.' s__Iridium s__Iridium__t 'Iridium' 'Ir' "77" "192.217" 'Very hard and brittle, silvery metallic transition element. It has a yellowish cast to it. Salts of iridium are highly colored. It is the most corrosion resistant metal known, not attacked by any acid, but is attacked by molten salts. There are two natural isotopes of iridium, and 4 radioisotopes, the most stable being Ir-192 with a half-life of 73.83 days. Ir-192 decays into {platinum}, while the other radioisotopes decay into {osmium}. Iridium is used in high temperature apparatus, electrical contacts, and as a hardening agent for platinum. Discovered in 1803 by Smithson Tennant in England. The name comes from the Greek word iris, which means rainbow. Iridium metal is generally non-toxic due to its relative unreactivity, but iridium compounds should be considered highly toxic.' s__Platinum s__Platinum__t 'Platinum' 'Pt' "78" "195.078" 'Attractive greyish-white metal. When pure, it is malleable and ductile. Does not oxidize in air, insoluble in hydrochloric and nitric acid. Corroded by halogens, cyandies, sulphur and alkalis. {Hydrogen} and {oxygen} react explosively in the presence of platinum. There are six stable isotopes and three radioisotopes, the most stable being Pt-193 with a half-life of 60 years. Platinum is used in jewelry, laboratory equipment, electrical contacts, dentistry, and anti-pollution devices in cars. PtCl2(NH3)2 is used to treat some forms of cancer. Platinum-{cobalt} alloys have magnetic properties. It is also used in the definition of the Standard Hydrogen Electrode. Discovered by Antonio de Ulloa in South America in 1735. The name comes from the Spanish word platina which means silver. Platinum metal is generally not a health concern due to its unreactivity, however platinum compounds should be considered highly toxic.' s__Gold s__Gold__t 'Gold' 'Au' "79" "196.96655" 'Gold is gold colored. It is the most malleable and ductile metal known. There is only one stable isotope of gold, and five radioisotopes of gold, Au-195 being the most stable with a half-life of 186 days. Gold is used as a monetary standard, in jewelry, dentistry, electronics. Au-198 is used in treating cancer and some other medical conditions. Gold has been known to exist as far back as 2600 BC. Gold comes from the Anglo-Saxon word gold. Its symbol, Au, comes from the Latin word aurum, which means gold. Gold is not particularly toxic, however it is known to cause damage to the liver and kidneys in some.' s__Mercury s__Mercury__t 'Mercury' 'Hg' "80" "200.59" 'Heavy silvery liquid metallic element, belongs to the zinc group. Used in thermometers, barometers and other scientific apparatus. Less reactive than zinc and cadmium, does not displace hydrogen from acids. Forms a number of complexes and organomercury compounds.' s__Thallium s__Thallium__t 'Thallium' 'Tl' "81" "204.3833" 'Pure, unreacted thallium appears silvery-white and exhibits a metallic lustre. Upon reacting with air, it begins to turn bluish-grey and looks like lead. It is very malleable, and can be cut with a knife. There are two stable isotopes, and four radioisotopes, Tl-204 being the most stable with a half-life of 3.78 years. Thallium sulphate was used as a rodenticide. Thallium sulphines conductivity changes with exposure to infrared light, this gives it a use in infrared detectors. Discovered by Sir William Crookes via spectroscopy. Its name comes from the Greek word thallos, which means green twig. Thallium and its compounds are toxic and can cause cancer.' s__Lead s__Lead__t 'Lead' 'Pb' "82" "207.19" 'Heavy dull grey ductile metallic element, belongs to group 14. Used in building construction, lead-place accumulators, bullets and shot, and is part of solder, pewter, bearing metals, type metals and fusible alloys.' s__Bismuth s__Bismuth__t 'Bismuth' 'Bi' "83" "208.980" 'White crystalline metal with a pink tinge, belongs to group 15. Most diamagnetic of all metals and has the lowest thermal conductivity of all the elements except mercury. Lead-free bismuth compounds are used in cosmetics and medical procedures. Burns in the air and produces a blue flame. In 1753, C.G. Junine first demonstrated that it was different from lead.' s__Polonium s__Polonium__t 'Polonium' 'Po' "84" "210" 'Rare radioactive metallic element, belongs to group 16 of the periodic table. Over 30 known isotopes exist, the most of all elements. Po-209 has a half-life of 103 years. Possible uses in heating spacecraft. Discovered by Marie Curie in 1898 in a sample of pitchblende.' s__Astatine s__Astatine__t 'Astatine' 'At' "85" 'Radioactive halogen element. Occurs naturally from uranium and thorium decay. At least 20 known isotopes. At-210, the most stable, has a half-life of 8.3 hours. Synthesized by nuclear bombardment in 1940 by D.R. Corson, K.R. MacKenzie and E. Segre at the University of California.' s__Radon s__Radon__t 'Radon' 'Rn' "86" "222" 'Colorless radioactive gaseous element, belongs to the noble gases. Of the twenty known isotopes, the most stable is Rn-222 with a half-life of 3.8 days. Formed by the radioactive decay of {Radium}-226. Radon itself decays into {polonium}. Used in radiotherapy. As a noble gas, it is effectively inert, though radon fluoride has been synthesized. First isolated in 1908 by Ramsey and Gray.' s__Francium s__Francium__t 'Francium' 'Fr' "87" "223" 'Radioactive element, belongs to group 1 of the periodic table. Found in uranium and thorium ores. The 22 known isotopes are all radioactive, with the most stable being Fr-223. Its existence was confirmed in 1939 by Marguerite Perey.' s__Radium s__Radium__t 'Radium' 'Ra' "88" "226" 'Radioactive metallic transuranic element, belongs to group 2 of the periodic table. Most stable isotope, Ra-226 has a half-life of 1602 years, which decays into radon. Isolated from pitchblende in 1898 Marie and Pierre Curie.' s__Actinium s__Actinium__t 'Actinium' 'Ac' "89" "227" 'Silvery radioactive metallic element, belongs to group 3 of the periodic table. The most stable isotope, Ac-227, has a half-life of 217 years. Ac-228 (half-life of 6.13 hours) also occurs in nature. There are 22 other artificial isotopes, all radioactive and having very short half-lives. Chemistry similar to lanthanum. Used as a source of alpha particles. Discovered by A. Debierne in 1899.' s__Thorium s__Thorium__t 'Thorium' 'Th' "232.038" 'Grey radioactive metallic element. Belongs to actinoids. Found in monazite sand in Brazil, India and the US. Thorium-232 has a half-life of 1.39x10^10 years. Can be used as a nuclear fuel for breeder reactors. Thorium-232 captures slow {neutron}s and breeds uranium-233. Discovered by Jons J. Berzelius in 1829.' s__Protactinium s__Protactinium__t 'Protactinium' 'Pa' "91" "231" 'Radioactive metallic element, belongs to the actinoids. The most stable isotope, Pa-231 has a half-life of 2.43*10^4 years. At least 10 other radioactive isotopes are known. No practical applications are known. Discovered in 1917 by Lise Meitner and Otto Hahn.' s__Uranium s__Uranium__t 'Uranium' 'U' "92" 'White radioactive metallic element belonging to the actinoids. Three natural isotopes, U-238, U-235 and U-234. Uranium-235 is used as the fuel for nuclear reactors and weapons. Discovered by Martin H. Klaproth in 1789.' s__Neptunium s__Neptunium__t 'Neptunium' 'Np' "93" "237" 'Radioactive metallic transuranic element, belongs to the actinoids. Np-237, the most stable isotope, has a half-life of 2.2*10^6 years and is a by product of nuclear reactors. The other known isotopes have mass numbers 229 through 236, and 238 through 241. Np-236 has a half-life of 5*10^3 years. First produced by Edwin M. McMillan and P.H. Abelson in 1940.' s__Plutonium s__Plutonium__t 'Plutonium' 'Pu' "94" "242" 'Dense silvery radioactive metallic transuranic element, belongs to the actinoids. Pu-244 is the most stable isotope with a half-life of 7.6*10^7 years. Thirteen isotopes are known. Pu-239 is the most important, it undergoes nuclear fission with slow neutrons and is hence important to nuclear weapons and reactors. Plutonium production is monitored down to the gram to prevent military misuse. First produced by Gleen T. Seaborg, Edwin M. McMillan, J.W. Kennedy and A.C. Wahl in 1940.' s__Americium s__Americium__t 'Americium' 'Am' "95" "243" 'Radioactive metallic transuranic element, belongs to the actinoids. Ten known isotopes. Am-243 is the most stable isotope, with a half-life of 7.95*10^3 years. Discovered by Glenn T. Seaborg and associates in 1945, it was obtained by bombarding {uranium}-238 with alpha particles.' s__Curium s__Curium__t 'Curium' 'Cm' "96" "247" 'Radioactive metallic transuranic element. Belongs to actinoid series. Nine known isotopes, Cm-247 has a half-life of 1.64*10^7 years. First identified by Glenn T. Seaborg and associates in 1944, first produced by L.B. Werner and I. Perlman in 1947 by bombarding americium-241 with {neutron}s. Named for Marie Curie.' s__Berkelium s__Berkelium__t 'Berkelium' 'Bk' "97" 'Radioactive metallic transuranic element. Belongs to actinoid series. Eight known isotopes, the most common Bk-247, has a half-life of 1.4*10^3 years. First produced by Glenn T. Seaborg and associates in 1949 by bombarding americium-241 with alpha particles.' s__Californium s__Californium__t 'Californium' 'Cf' "249" 'Radioactive metallic transuranic element. Belongs to actinoid series. Cf-251 has a half life of about 700 years. Nine isotopes are known. Cf-252 is an intense {neutron} source, which makes it an intense {neutron} source and gives it a use in {neutron} activation analysis and a possible use as a radiation source in medicine. First produced by Glenn T. Seaborg and associates in 1950.' s__Einsteinium s__Einsteinium__t 'Einsteinium' 'Es' "99" "254" 'Appearance is unknown, however it is most probably metallic and silver or gray in color. Radioactive metallic transuranic element belonging to the actinoids. Es-254 has the longest half-life of the eleven known isotopes at 270 days. First identified by Albert Ghiorso and associates in the debris of the 1952 hydrogen bomb explosion. In 1961 the first microgram quantities of Es-232 were separated. While einsteinium never exists naturally, if a sufficient amount was assembled, it would pose a radiation hazard.' s__Fermium s__Fermium__t 'Fermium' 'Fm' "253" 'Radioactive metallic transuranic element, belongs to the actinoids. Ten known isotopes, most stable is Fm-257 with a half-life of 10 days. First identified by Albert Ghiorso and associates in the debris of the first hydrogen-bomb explosion in 1952.' s__Mendelevium s__Mendelevium__t 'Mendelevium' 'Md' "101" "256" 'Radioactive metallic transuranic element. Belongs to the actinoid series. Only known isotope, Md-256 has a half-life of 1.3 hours. First identified by Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso and associates in 1955. Alternative name {unnilunium} has been proposed. Named after the inventor of the periodic table, Dmitri Mendeleev.' s__Nobelium s__Nobelium__t 'Nobelium' 'No' "102" 'Radioactive metallic transuranic element, belongs to the actinoids. Seven known isotopes exist, the most stable being No-254 with a half-life of 255 seconds. First identified with certainty by Albert Ghiorso and Glenn T. Seaborg in 1966. {Unnilbium} has been proposed as an alternative name.' s__Lawrencium s__Lawrencium__t 'Lawrencium' 'Lr' "103" "262" 'Appearance unknown, however it is most likely silvery-white or grey and metallic. Lawrencium is a synthetic rare-earth metal. There are eight known radioisotopes, the most stable being Lr-262 with a half-life of 3.6 hours. Due to the short half-life of lawrencium, and its radioactivity, there are no known uses for it. Identified by Albert Ghiorso in 1961 at Berkeley. It was produced by bombarding californium with boron ions. The name is temporary {IUPAC} nomenclature, the origin of the name comes from Ernest O. Lawrence, the inventor of the cyclotron. If sufficient amounts of lawrencium were produced, it would pose a radiation hazard.' s__Unnilquadium s__Unnilquadium__t 'Unnilquadium' 'Unq' "104" "261" 'Radioactive transactinide element. Expected to have similar chemical properties to those displayed by hafnium. Rf-260 was discovered by the Joint Nuclear Research Institute at Dubna (U.S.S.R.) in 1964. Researchers at Berkeley discovered Unq-257 and Unq-258 in 1964.' s__Unnilpentium s__Unnilpentium__t 'Unnilpentium' 'Unp' "105" 'Radioactive transactinide element. Half-life of 1.6s. Discovered in 1970 by Berkeley researchers. So far, seven isotopes have been discovered.' s__Unnilhexium s__Unnilhexium__t 'Unnilhexium' "106" "263" 'Half-life of 0.9 +/- 0.2 s. Discovered by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research at Dubna (U.S.S.R.) in June of 1974. Its existence was confirmed by the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and Livermore National Laboratory in September of 1974.' s__Unnilseptium s__Unnilseptium__t 'Unnilseptium' "107" 'Radioactive transition metal. Half-life of approximately 1/500 s. Discovered by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research at Dubna (U.S.S.R.) in 1976. Confirmed by West German physicists at the Heavy Ion Research Laboratory at Darmstadt.' s__Unniloctium s__Unniloctium__t 'Unniloctium' 'Uno' "108" "265" 'Radioactive transition metal.' s__Meitnerium s__Meitnerium__t 'Meitnerium' 'Mt' "109" "266" 'Half-life of approximately 5ms. The creation of this element demonstrated that fusion techniques could indeed be used to make new, heavy nuclei. Made and identified by physicists of the Heavy Ion Research Laboratory, Darmstadt, West Germany in 1982. Named in honor of Lise Meitner the Austrian physicist.' s__Unnildecium s__Unnildecium__t 'Unnildecium' 'Unn' "110" "272" 'Half-life of approximately 10ms. Reported in 1994 by German researchers at Darmstadt, Germany.' "14.01" "20.28" "0.95" "4.216" "453.69" "1590" "1551" "3243" "2573" "2823" "3823" "5100" "63.29" "77.4" "54.75" "90.188" "53.53" "85.01" "24.48" "27.1" "370.95" "1165" "921.95" "1380" "933.52" "2740" "1683" "2628" "317.3" "553" "386" "717.824" "172.17" "238.55" "83.78" "87.29" "336.8" "1047" "1112" "1760" "1812" "3105" "1933" "3533" "2163" "3653" "2130" "2755" "1517" "2370" "1808" "3023" "1768" "3143" "1726" "3005" "1356.6" "2868" "692.73" "1180" "302.93" "2676" "1210.55" "3103" "886" "490" "958.1" "265.9" "331.93" "116.55" "120.85" "312.2" "961" "1042" "1657" "1796" "3610" "2125" "4650" "2741" "5200" "2890" "5833" "2445" "5303" "2583" "4173" "2239" "4000" "1825" "3413" "1235.08" "2485" "594.1" "1038" "429.32" "2353" "505.118" "2543" "903.89" "2023" "722.7" "1263" "386.65" "457.55" "161.3" "166.1" "301.55" "963" "998" "1913" "1193" "3727" "1071" "3530" "1204" "3485" "1283" "3400" "1353" "3000" "1345" "2051" "1095" "1870" "1584" "3506" "1633" "3314" "1682" "2608" "1743" "2993" "1795" "2783" "1818" "1097" "1466" "1929" "3588" "2423" "5673" "3269" "5698" "3680" "6200" "3453" "5900" "3318" "5300" "2683" "4403" "2045" "4100" "1337.58" "3213" "234.28" "629.73" "576.7" "1730" "600.65" "2013" "544.5" "1833" "527" "1235" "575" "610" "202" "211.4" "300" "950" "973" "1413" "1320" "3470" "5060" "1827" "4300" "1405.5" "4091" "913" "4175" "914" "3600" "1267" "2880" "1613" "1259" "1173" "1133" s__Object6_1 s__Object6_2 s__Object6_3 skc23 skc644 skc693 skc694 skc730 skc731 skc829 skc830 skc849 skc850
% 2.26/1.33 Fol Functions: s__ListFn_1 s__ListOrderFn s__ListFn_2 s__ListFn_3 s__ListFn_4 s__ListFn_5 s__ListFn_6 s__ListFn_7 s__AssignmentFn_2 s__AssignmentFn_3 s__AssignmentFn_4 s__AssignmentFn_5 s__AssignmentFn_6 s__AssignmentFn_7 s__FrontFn s__BackFn s__SquareRootFn times plus s__ProbabilityFn s__ListLengthFn s__SuccessorFn s__ListFn_8 s__WhenFn s__BeginFn s__PropertyFn s__PredecessorFn minus divide s__AbsoluteValueFn s__CeilingFn s__FloorFn s__GreatestCommonDivisorFn_1 s__RemainderFn s__GreatestCommonDivisorFn_2 s__GreatestCommonDivisorFn_3 s__GreatestCommonDivisorFn_4 s__GreatestCommonDivisorFn_5 s__GreatestCommonDivisorFn_6 s__GreatestCommonDivisorFn_7 s__RealNumberFn s__ImaginaryPartFn s__LeastCommonMultipleFn_1 s__LeastCommonMultipleFn_2 s__LeastCommonMultipleFn_3 s__LeastCommonMultipleFn_4 s__LeastCommonMultipleFn_5 s__LeastCommonMultipleFn_6 s__LeastCommonMultipleFn_7 s__MaxFn s__MinFn s__ReciprocalFn s__ExponentiationFn s__SignumFn s__RoundFn s__TangentFn s__SineFn s__CosineFn s__UnionFn s__CardinalityFn s__BeginNodeFn s__EndNodeFn s__InitialNodeFn s__TerminalNodeFn s__PathWeightFn s__MinimalWeightedPathFn s__GraphPathFn s__MaximalWeightedPathFn s__MinimalCutSetFn s__CutSetFn s__MeasureFn s__KiloFn s__GigaFn s__NanoFn s__MegaFn s__MilliFn s__MicroFn s__TeraFn s__PicoFn s__IntervalFn s__MagnitudeFn s__UnitFn s__VelocityFn s__SpeedFn s__CenterOfCircleFn s__WealthFn s__WhereFn s__EndFn s__TimeIntervalFn s__RecurrentTimeIntervalFn s__PastFn s__ImmediatePastFn s__FutureFn s__ImmediateFutureFn s__DayFn s__HourFn s__MinuteFn s__SecondFn s__YearFn s__MonthFn s__TemporalCompositionFn s__MereologicalSumFn s__MereologicalProductFn s__MereologicalDifferenceFn s__HoleSkinFn s__HoleHostFn s__FoodForFn s__KappaFn s__GovernmentFn s__EditionFn s__ImmediateFamilyFn s__PremisesFn s__RelativeTimeFn s__DeadFn s__StartFn s__StopFn s__OperatingFn s__DiameterFn s__RadiusFn s__LastFn s__FirstFn s__StreetAddressFn s__DescendantsFn s__ComplementFn s__ResidentFn s__CitizenryFn s__PerCapitaFn s__PerFn s__TimePeriodFn s__SeriesVolumeFn s__PeriodicalIssueFn s__OccupationFn s__StringLengthFn s__SubstringFn s__StringConcatenateFn skf1 skf2 skf3 skf4 skf5 skf6 skf7 skf8 skf9 skf10 skf11 skf12 skf13 skf14 skf15 skf16 skf17 skf18 skf19 skf20 skf21 skf22 skf24 skf25 skf26 skf27 skf28 skf29 skf30 skf31 skf32 skf33 skf34 skf35 skf36 skf37 skf38 skf39 skf40 skf41 skf42 skf43 skf44 skf45 skf46 skf47 skf48 skf49 skf50 skf51 skf52 skf53 skf54 skf55 skf56 skf57 skf58 skf59 skf60 skf61 skf62 skf63 skf64 skf65 skf66 skf67 skf68 skf69 skf70 skf71 skf72 skf73 skf74 skf75 skf76 skf77 skf78 skf79 skf80 skf81 skf82 skf83 skf84 skf85 skf86 skf87 skf88 skf89 skf90 skf91 skf92 skf93 skf94 skf95 skf96 skf97 skf98 skf99 skf100 skf101 skf102 skf103 skf104 skf105 skf106 skf107 skf108 skf109 skf110 skf111 skf112 skf113 skf114 skf115 skf116 skf117 skf118 skf119 skf120 skf121 skf122 skf123 skf124 skf125 skf126 skf127 skf128 skf129 skf130 skf131 skf132 skf133 skf134 skf135 skf136 skf137 skf138 skf139 skf140 skf141 skf142 skf143 skf144 skf145 skf146 skf147 skf148 skf149 skf150 skf151 skf152 skf153 skf154 skf155 skf156 skf157 skf158 skf159 skf160 skf161 skf162 skf163 skf164 skf165 skf166 skf167 skf168 skf169 skf170 skf171 skf172 skf173 skf174 skf175 skf176 skf177 skf178 skf179 skf180 skf181 skf182 skf183 skf184 skf185 skf186 skf187 skf188 skf189 skf190 skf191 skf192 skf193 skf194 skf195 skf196 skf197 skf198 skf199 skf200 skf201 skf202 skf203 skf204 skf205 skf206 skf207 skf208 skf209 skf210 skf211 skf212 skf213 skf214 skf215 skf216 skf217 skf218 skf219 skf220 skf221 skf222 skf223 skf224 skf225 skf226 skf227 skf228 skf229 skf230 skf231 skf232 skf233 skf234 skf235 skf236 skf237 skf238 skf239 skf240 skf241 skf242 skf243 skf244 skf245 skf246 skf247 skf248 skf249 skf250 skf251 skf252 skf253 skf254 skf255 skf256 skf257 skf258 skf259 skf260 skf261 skf262 skf263 skf264 skf265 skf266 skf267 skf268 skf269 skf270 skf271 skf272 skf273 skf274 skf275 skf276 skf277 skf278 skf279 skf280 skf281 skf282 skf283 skf284 skf285 skf286 skf287 skf288 skf289 skf290 skf291 skf292 skf293 skf294 skf295 skf296 skf297 skf298 skf299 skf300 skf301 skf302 skf303 skf304 skf305 skf306 skf307 skf308 skf309 skf310 skf311 skf312 skf313 skf314 skf315 skf316 skf317 skf318 skf319 skf320 skf321 skf322 skf323 skf324 skf325 skf326 skf327 skf328 skf329 skf330 skf331 skf332 skf333 skf334 skf335 skf336 skf337 skf338 skf339 skf340 skf341 skf342 skf343 skf344 skf345 skf346 skf347 skf348 skf349 skf350 skf351 skf352 skf353 skf354 skf355 skf356 skf357 skf358 skf359 skf360 skf361 skf362 skf363 skf364 skf365 skf366 skf367 skf368 skf369 skf370 skf371 skf372 skf373 skf374 skf375 skf376 skf377 skf378 skf379 skf380 skf381 skf382 skf383 skf384 skf385 skf386 skf387 skf388 skf389 skf390 skf391 skf392 skf393 skf394 skf395 skf396 skf397 skf398 skf399 skf400 skf401 skf402 skf403 skf404 skf405 skf406 skf407 skf408 skf409 skf410 skf411 skf412 skf413 skf414 skf415 skf416 skf417 skf418 skf419 skf420 skf421 skf422 skf423 skf424 skf425 skf426 skf427 skf428 skf429 skf430 skf431 skf432 skf433 skf434 skf435 skf436 skf437 skf438 skf439 skf440 skf441 skf442 skf443 skf444 skf445 skf446 skf447 skf448 skf449 skf450 skf451 skf452 skf453 skf454 skf455 skf456 skf457 skf458 skf459 skf460 skf461 skf462 skf463 skf464 skf465 skf466 skf467 skf468 skf469 skf470 skf471 skf472 skf473 skf474 skf475 skf476 skf477 skf478 skf479 skf480 skf481 skf482 skf483 skf484 skf485 skf486 skf487 skf488 skf489 skf490 skf491 skf492 skf493 skf494 skf495 skf496 skf497 skf498 skf499 skf500 skf501 skf502 skf503 skf504 skf505 skf506 skf507 skf508 skf509 skf510 skf511 skf512 skf513 skf514 skf515 skf516 skf517 skf518 skf519 skf520 skf521 skf522 skf523 skf524 skf525 skf526 skf527 skf528 skf529 skf530 skf531 skf532 skf533 skf534 skf535 skf536 skf537 skf538 skf539 skf540 skf541 skf542 skf543 skf544 skf545 skf546 skf547 skf548 skf549 skf550 skf551 skf552 skf553 skf554 skf555 skf556 skf557 skf558 skf559 skf560 skf561 skf562 skf563 skf564 skf565 skf566 skf567 skf568 skf569 skf570 skf571 skf572 skf573 skf574 skf575 skf576 skf577 skf578 skf579 skf580 skf581 skf582 skf583 skf584 skf585 skf586 skf587 skf588 skf589 skf590 skf591 skf592 skf593 skf594 skf595 skf596 skf597 skf598 skf599 skf600 skf601 skf602 skf603 skf604 skf605 skf606 skf607 skf608 skf609 skf610 skf611 skf612 skf613 skf614 skf615 skf616 skf617 skf618 skf619 skf620 skf621 skf622 skf623 skf624 skf625 skf626 skf627 skf628 skf629 skf630 skf631 skf632 skf633 skf634 skf635 skf636 skf637 skf638 skf639 skf640 skf641 skf642 skf643 skf645 skf646 skf647 skf648 skf649 skf650 skf651 skf652 skf653 skf654 skf655 skf656 skf657 skf658 skf659 skf660 skf661 skf662 skf663 skf664 skf665 skf666 skf667 skf668 skf669 skf670 skf671 skf672 skf673 skf674 skf675 skf676 skf677 skf678 skf679 skf680 skf681 skf682 skf683 skf684 skf685 skf686 skf687 skf688 skf689 skf690 skf691 skf692 skf695 skf696 skf697 skf698 skf699 skf700 skf701 skf702 skf703 skf704 skf705 skf706 skf707 skf708 skf709 skf710 skf711 skf712 skf713 skf714 skf715 skf716 skf717 skf718 skf719 skf720 skf721 skf722 skf723 skf724 skf725 skf726 skf727 skf728 skf729 skf732 skf733 skf734 skf735 skf736 skf737 skf738 skf739 skf740 skf741 skf742 skf743 skf744 skf745 skf746 skf747 skf748 skf749 skf750 skf751 skf752 skf753 skf754 skf755 skf756 skf757 skf758 skf759 skf760 skf761 skf762 skf763 skf764 skf765 skf766 skf767 skf768 skf769 skf770 skf771 skf772 skf773 skf774 skf775 skf776 skf777 skf778 skf779 skf780 skf781 skf782 skf783 skf784 skf785 skf786 skf787 skf788 skf789 skf790 skf791 skf792 skf793 skf794 skf795 skf796 skf797 skf798 skf799 skf800 skf801 skf802 skf803 skf804 skf805 skf806 skf807 skf808 skf809 skf810 skf811 skf812 skf813 skf814 skf815 skf816 skf817 skf818 skf819 skf820 skf821 skf822 skf823 skf824 skf825 skf826 skf827 skf828 skf831 skf832 skf833 skf834 skf835 skf836 skf837 skf838 skf839 skf840 skf841 skf842 skf843 skf844 skf845 skf846 skf847 skf848 skf851 skf852 skf853 skf854 skf855 skf856 skf857 skf858 skf859 skf860 skf861 skf862 skf863 skf864 skf865 skf866 skf867 skf868 skf869 skf870 skf871 skf872 skf873 skf874 skf875 skf876 skf877 skf878 skf879 skf880 skf881 skf882 skf883 skf884 skf885 skf886 skf887 skf888 skf889 skf890 skf891 skf892 skf893 skf894 skf895 skf896 skf897 skf898 skf899 skf900 skf901 skf902 skf903 skf904 skf905 skf906 skf907 skf908 skf909 skf910 skf911 skf912 skf913 skf914 skf915 skf916 skf917 skf918 skf919 skf920 skf921 skf922 skf923 skf924 skf925 skf926 skf927 skf928 skf929 skf930 skf931 skf932 skf933 skf934 skf935 skf936 skf937 skf938 skf939 skf940 skf941 skf942 skf943 skf944 skf945 skf946 skf947 skf948 skf949 skf950 skf951 skf952 skf953 skf954 skf955 skf956 skf957 skf958 skf959 skf960 skf961 skf962 skf963 skf964 skf965 skf966 skf967 skf968 skf969 skf970 skf971 skf972 skf973 skf974 skf975 skf976 skf977 skf978 skf979 skf980 skf981 skf982 skf983 skf984 skf985 skf986 skf987 skf988 skf989 skf990 skf991 skf992 skf993 skf994 skf995 skf996 skf997 skf998 skf999 skf1000 skf1001 skf1002 skf1003 skf1004 skf1005 skf1006 skf1007 skf1008 skf1009 skf1010 skf1011 skf1012 skf1013 skf1014 skf1015 skf1016 skf1017 skf1018 skf1019 skf1020 skf1021 skf1022 skf1023 skf1024 skf1025 skf1026 skf1027 skf1028 skf1029 skf1030 skf1031 skf1032 skf1033 skf1034 skf1035 skf1036 skf1037 skf1038 skf1039 skf1040 skf1041 skf1042 skf1043 skf1044 skf1045 skf1046 skf1047 skf1048 skf1049 skf1050 skf1051 skf1052 skf1053 skf1054 skf1055 skf1056 skf1057 skf1058 skf1059 skf1060 skf1061 skf1062 skf1063 skf1064 skf1065 skf1066 skf1067 skf1068 skf1069 skf1070 skf1071 skf1072 skf1073 skf1074 skf1075 skf1076 skf1077 skf1078 skf1079 skf1080 skf1081 skf1082 skf1083 skf1084 skf1085 skf1086 skf1087 skf1088 skf1089 skf1090 skf1091 skf1092 skf1093 skf1094 skf1095 skf1096 skf1097 skf1098 skf1099 skf1100 skf1101 skf1102 skf1103 skf1104 skf1105 skf1106 skf1107 skf1108 skf1109 skf1110 skf1111 skf1112 skf1113 skf1114 skf1115 skf1116 skf1117 skf1118 skf1119 skf1120 skf1121 skf1122 skf1123 skf1124 skf1125 skf1126 skf1127 skf1128 skf1129 skf1130 skf1131 skf1132 skf1133 skf1134 skf1135 skf1136 skf1137 skf1138 skf1139 skf1140 skf1141 skf1142 skf1143 skf1144 skf1145 skf1146 skf1147 skf1148 skf1149 skf1150 skf1151 skf1152 skf1153 skf1154 skf1155 skf1156 skf1157 skf1158 skf1159 skf1160 skf1161 skf1162 skf1163 skf1164 skf1165 skf1166 skf1167 skf1168 skf1169 skf1170 skf1171 skf1172 skf1173 skf1174 skf1175 skf1176 skf1177 skf1178 skf1179 skf1180 skf1181 skf1182 skf1183 skf1184 skf1185 skf1186 skf1187 skf1188 skf1189 skf1190 skf1191 skf1192 skf1193 skf1194 skf1195 skf1196 skf1197 skf1198 skf1199 skf1200 skf1201 skf1202 skf1203 skf1204 skf1205 skf1206 skf1207 skf1208 skf1209 skf1210 skf1211 skf1212 skf1213 skf1214 skf1215 skf1216 skf1217 skf1218 skf1219 skf1220 skf1221 skf1222 skf1223 skf1224 skf1225 skf1226 skf1227 skf1228 skf1229 skf1230 skf1231 skf1232 skf1233 skf1234 skf1235 skf1236 skf1237 skf1238 skf1239 skf1240 skf1241 skf1242 skf1243 skf1244 skf1245 skf1246 skf1247 skf1248 skf1249 skf1250 skf1251 skf1252 skf1253 skf1254 skf1255 skf1256 skf1257 skf1258 skf1259 skf1260 skf1261 skf1262 skf1263 skf1264 skf1265 skf1266 skf1267 skf1268 skf1269 skf1270 skf1271 skf1272 skf1273 skf1274 skf1275 skf1276 skf1277 skf1278 skf1279 skf1280 skf1281 skf1282 skf1283 skf1284 skf1285 skf1286 skf1287 skf1288 skf1289 skf1290 skf1291 skf1292 skf1293 skf1294 skf1295 skf1296 skf1297 skf1298 skf1299 skf1300 skf1301 skf1302 skf1303 skf1304 skf1305 skf1306 skf1307 skf1308 skf1309 skf1310 skf1311 skf1312 skf1313 skf1314 skf1315 skf1316 skf1317 skf1318 skf1319 skf1320 skf1321 skf1322 skf1323 skf1324 skf1325 skf1326 skf1327 skf1328 skf1329 skf1330 skf1331 skf1332 skf1333 skf1334 skf1335 skf1336 skf1337 skf1338 skf1339 skf1340 skf1341 skf1342 skf1343 skf1344 skf1345 skf1346 skf1347 skf1348 skf1349 skf1350 skf1351 skf1352 skf1353 skf1354 skf1355 skf1356 skf1357 skf1358 skf1359 skf1360 skf1361 skf1362 skf1363 skf1364 skf1365 skf1366 skf1367 skf1368 skf1369 skf1370 skf1371 skf1372 skf1373 skf1374 skf1375 skf1376 skf1377 skf1378 skf1379 skf1380 skf1381 skf1382 skf1383 skf1384 skf1385 skf1386 skf1387 skf1388 skf1389 skf1390 skf1391 skf1392 skf1393 skf1394 skf1395 skf1396 skf1397 skf1398 skf1399 skf1400 skf1401 skf1402 skf1403 skf1404 skf1405 skf1406 skf1407 skf1408 skf1409 skf1410 skf1411 skf1412 skf1413 skf1414 skf1415 skf1416 skf1417 skf1418 skf1419 skf1420 skf1421 skf1422 skf1423 skf1424 skf1425 skf1426 skf1427 skf1428 skf1429 skf1430 skf1431 skf1432 skf1433 skf1434 skf1435 skf1436 skf1437 skf1438 skf1439 skf1440 skf1441 skf1442 skf1443 skf1444 skf1445 skf1446 skf1447 skf1448 skf1449 skf1450 skf1451 skf1452 skf1453 skf1454 skf1455 skf1456 skf1457 skf1458 skf1459 skf1460 skf1461 skf1462 skf1463 skf1464 skf1465 skf1466 skf1467 skf1468 skf1469 skf1470 skf1471 skf1472 skf1473 skf1474 skf1475 skf1476 skf1477 skf1478 skf1479 skf1480 skf1481 skf1482 skf1483 skf1484 skf1485 skf1486 skf1487 skf1488 skf1489 skf1490 skf1491 skf1492 skf1493 skf1494 skf1495 skf1496 skf1497 skf1498 skf1499 skf1500 skf1501 skf1502 skf1503 skf1504 skf1505 skf1506 skf1507 skf1508 skf1509 skf1510 skf1511 skf1512 skf1513 skf1514 skf1515 skf1516
% 2.26/1.33 Problem Properties:
% 2.26/1.33 This is a full first-order problem with equality.
% 2.26/1.33 SZS status GaveUp
% 2.26/1.33 SPASS beiseite: SPASS does currently not support non-BS equality problems.
% 2.26/1.33
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