%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% File : Leo-III---1.8.0
% Problem : PUZ031-1 : TPTP v9.3.1. Released v1.0.0.
% Transfm : none
% Format : tptp:raw
% Command : java -Xss128m -Xmx2g -Xms1g -jar /export/starexec/sandbox/solver/bin/leo3.jar /export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p -t 300 -p --atp eprover=/export/starexec/sandbox/solver/bin/externals/eprover --instantiate 39
% Computer : n010.cluster.edu
% Model : x86_64 x86_64
% CPU : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2620 v4 2.10GHz
% Memory : 8046.5625MB
% OS : Linux 6.8.0-71-generic
% CPULimit : 300s
% WCLimit : 300s
% DateTime : Sun Sep 27 08:21:09 AM UTC 2026
% Result : Unsatisfiable 5.57s 3.33s
% Output : Refutation 5.81s
% Verified :
% SZS Type : Refutation
% Derivation depth : 2
% Number of leaves : 26
% Syntax : Number of formulae : 53 ( 13 unt; 0 typ; 0 def)
% Number of atoms : 127 ( 0 equ; 0 cnn)
% Maximal formula atoms : 8 ( 2 avg)
% Number of connectives : 320 ( 80 ~; 74 |; 0 &; 166 @)
% ( 0 <=>; 0 =>; 0 <=; 0 <~>)
% Maximal formula depth : 15 ( 6 avg)
% Number of types : 2 ( 0 usr)
% Number of type conns : 0 ( 0 >; 0 *; 0 +; 0 <<)
% Number of symbols : 19 ( 18 usr; 7 con; 0-2 aty)
% Number of variables : 66 ( 0 ^; 66 !; 0 ?; 66 :)
% Comments :
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
thf(animal_decl,type,
animal: $i > $o ).
thf(grain_decl,type,
grain: $i > $o ).
thf(eats_decl,type,
eats: $i > $i > $o ).
thf(much_smaller_decl,type,
much_smaller: $i > $i > $o ).
thf(caterpillar_decl,type,
caterpillar: $i > $o ).
thf(bird_decl,type,
bird: $i > $o ).
thf(wolf_decl,type,
wolf: $i > $o ).
thf(a_wolf_decl,type,
a_wolf: $i ).
thf(snail_decl,type,
snail: $i > $o ).
thf(a_bird_decl,type,
a_bird: $i ).
thf(fox_decl,type,
fox: $i > $o ).
thf(plant_decl,type,
plant: $i > $o ).
thf(caterpillar_food_of_decl,type,
caterpillar_food_of: $i > $i ).
thf(a_snail_decl,type,
a_snail: $i ).
thf(snail_food_of_decl,type,
snail_food_of: $i > $i ).
thf(a_caterpillar_decl,type,
a_caterpillar: $i ).
thf(a_fox_decl,type,
a_fox: $i ).
thf(a_grain_decl,type,
a_grain: $i ).
thf(25,axiom,
! [A: $i] :
( ~ ( A @ bird )
| ( A @ animal ) ),
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',bird_is_an_animal) ).
thf(69,plain,
! [A: $i] :
( ~ ( A @ bird )
| ( A @ animal ) ),
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[25]) ).
thf(18,axiom,
a_grain @ grain,
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',there_is_a_grain) ).
thf(56,plain,
a_grain @ grain,
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[18]) ).
thf(16,axiom,
! [B: $i,A: $i] :
( ~ ( B @ ( A @ eats ) )
| ~ ( B @ snail )
| ~ ( A @ bird ) ),
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',bird_dont_eat_snail) ).
thf(52,plain,
! [B: $i,A: $i] :
( ~ ( B @ ( A @ eats ) )
| ~ ( B @ snail )
| ~ ( A @ bird ) ),
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[16]) ).
thf(21,axiom,
! [A: $i] :
( ~ ( A @ caterpillar )
| ( A @ animal ) ),
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',caterpillar_is_an_animal) ).
thf(61,plain,
! [A: $i] :
( ~ ( A @ caterpillar )
| ( A @ animal ) ),
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[21]) ).
thf(23,axiom,
! [B: $i,A: $i] :
( ~ ( B @ caterpillar )
| ~ ( A @ bird )
| ( B @ ( A @ eats ) ) ),
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',bird_eats_caterpillar) ).
thf(65,plain,
! [B: $i,A: $i] :
( ~ ( B @ caterpillar )
| ~ ( A @ bird )
| ( B @ ( A @ eats ) ) ),
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[23]) ).
thf(8,axiom,
a_snail @ snail,
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',there_is_a_snail) ).
thf(39,plain,
a_snail @ snail,
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[8]) ).
thf(6,axiom,
! [B: $i,A: $i] :
( ~ ( B @ wolf )
| ~ ( A @ fox )
| ( B @ ( A @ much_smaller ) ) ),
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',fox_smaller_than_wolf) ).
thf(35,plain,
! [B: $i,A: $i] :
( ~ ( B @ wolf )
| ~ ( A @ fox )
| ( B @ ( A @ much_smaller ) ) ),
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[6]) ).
thf(9,axiom,
! [B: $i,A: $i] :
( ~ ( B @ fox )
| ~ ( A @ bird )
| ( B @ ( A @ much_smaller ) ) ),
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',bird_smaller_than_fox) ).
thf(40,plain,
! [B: $i,A: $i] :
( ~ ( B @ fox )
| ~ ( A @ bird )
| ( B @ ( A @ much_smaller ) ) ),
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[9]) ).
thf(10,axiom,
! [A: $i] :
( ~ ( A @ snail )
| ( A @ snail_food_of @ plant ) ),
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',snail_food_is_a_plant) ).
thf(42,plain,
! [A: $i] :
( ~ ( A @ snail )
| ( A @ snail_food_of @ plant ) ),
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[10]) ).
thf(7,axiom,
! [A: $i] :
( ~ ( A @ caterpillar )
| ( A @ caterpillar_food_of @ plant ) ),
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',caterpillar_food_is_a_plant) ).
thf(37,plain,
! [A: $i] :
( ~ ( A @ caterpillar )
| ( A @ caterpillar_food_of @ plant ) ),
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[7]) ).
thf(13,axiom,
! [A: $i] :
( ~ ( A @ fox )
| ( A @ animal ) ),
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',fox_is_an_animal) ).
thf(46,plain,
! [A: $i] :
( ~ ( A @ fox )
| ( A @ animal ) ),
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[13]) ).
thf(19,axiom,
! [A: $i] :
( ~ ( A @ caterpillar )
| ( A @ caterpillar_food_of @ ( A @ eats ) ) ),
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',caterpillar_eats_caterpillar_food) ).
thf(57,plain,
! [A: $i] :
( ~ ( A @ caterpillar )
| ( A @ caterpillar_food_of @ ( A @ eats ) ) ),
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[19]) ).
thf(2,axiom,
! [B: $i,A: $i] :
( ~ ( B @ bird )
| ~ ( A @ caterpillar )
| ( B @ ( A @ much_smaller ) ) ),
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',caterpillar_smaller_than_bird) ).
thf(29,plain,
! [B: $i,A: $i] :
( ~ ( B @ bird )
| ~ ( A @ caterpillar )
| ( B @ ( A @ much_smaller ) ) ),
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[2]) ).
thf(12,axiom,
a_fox @ fox,
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',there_is_a_fox) ).
thf(45,plain,
a_fox @ fox,
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[12]) ).
thf(4,axiom,
! [B: $i,A: $i] :
( ~ ( B @ bird )
| ~ ( A @ snail )
| ( B @ ( A @ much_smaller ) ) ),
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',snail_smaller_than_bird) ).
thf(32,plain,
! [B: $i,A: $i] :
( ~ ( B @ bird )
| ~ ( A @ snail )
| ( B @ ( A @ much_smaller ) ) ),
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[4]) ).
thf(5,axiom,
a_bird @ bird,
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',there_is_a_bird) ).
thf(34,plain,
a_bird @ bird,
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[5]) ).
thf(11,axiom,
a_caterpillar @ caterpillar,
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',there_is_a_caterpillar) ).
thf(44,plain,
a_caterpillar @ caterpillar,
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[11]) ).
thf(20,axiom,
! [A: $i] :
( ~ ( A @ grain )
| ( A @ plant ) ),
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',grain_is_a_plant) ).
thf(59,plain,
! [A: $i] :
( ~ ( A @ grain )
| ( A @ plant ) ),
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[20]) ).
thf(1,negated_conjecture,
! [C: $i,B: $i,A: $i] :
( ~ ( C @ ( B @ eats ) )
| ~ ( B @ ( A @ eats ) )
| ~ ( C @ grain )
| ~ ( B @ animal )
| ~ ( A @ animal ) ),
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',prove_the_animal_exists) ).
thf(27,plain,
! [C: $i,B: $i,A: $i] :
( ~ ( C @ ( B @ eats ) )
| ~ ( B @ ( A @ eats ) )
| ~ ( C @ grain )
| ~ ( B @ animal )
| ~ ( A @ animal ) ),
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[1]) ).
thf(26,axiom,
! [D: $i,C: $i,B: $i,A: $i] :
( ~ ( D @ ( C @ eats ) )
| ~ ( A @ ( C @ much_smaller ) )
| ~ ( D @ plant )
| ~ ( C @ animal )
| ~ ( B @ plant )
| ~ ( A @ animal )
| ( C @ ( A @ eats ) )
| ( B @ ( A @ eats ) ) ),
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',eating_habits) ).
thf(71,plain,
! [D: $i,C: $i,B: $i,A: $i] :
( ~ ( D @ ( C @ eats ) )
| ~ ( A @ ( C @ much_smaller ) )
| ~ ( D @ plant )
| ~ ( C @ animal )
| ~ ( B @ plant )
| ~ ( A @ animal )
| ( C @ ( A @ eats ) )
| ( B @ ( A @ eats ) ) ),
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[26]) ).
thf(17,axiom,
! [A: $i] :
( ~ ( A @ wolf )
| ( A @ animal ) ),
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',wolf_is_an_animal) ).
thf(54,plain,
! [A: $i] :
( ~ ( A @ wolf )
| ( A @ animal ) ),
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[17]) ).
thf(14,axiom,
! [B: $i,A: $i] :
( ~ ( B @ ( A @ eats ) )
| ~ ( B @ grain )
| ~ ( A @ wolf ) ),
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',wolf_dont_eat_grain) ).
thf(48,plain,
! [B: $i,A: $i] :
( ~ ( B @ ( A @ eats ) )
| ~ ( B @ grain )
| ~ ( A @ wolf ) ),
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[14]) ).
thf(22,axiom,
! [B: $i,A: $i] :
( ~ ( B @ ( A @ eats ) )
| ~ ( B @ fox )
| ~ ( A @ wolf ) ),
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',wolf_dont_eat_fox) ).
thf(63,plain,
! [B: $i,A: $i] :
( ~ ( B @ ( A @ eats ) )
| ~ ( B @ fox )
| ~ ( A @ wolf ) ),
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[22]) ).
thf(15,axiom,
! [A: $i] :
( ~ ( A @ snail )
| ( A @ snail_food_of @ ( A @ eats ) ) ),
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',snail_eats_snail_food) ).
thf(50,plain,
! [A: $i] :
( ~ ( A @ snail )
| ( A @ snail_food_of @ ( A @ eats ) ) ),
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[15]) ).
thf(24,axiom,
! [A: $i] :
( ~ ( A @ snail )
| ( A @ animal ) ),
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',snail_is_an_animal) ).
thf(67,plain,
! [A: $i] :
( ~ ( A @ snail )
| ( A @ animal ) ),
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[24]) ).
thf(3,axiom,
a_wolf @ wolf,
file('/export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p',there_is_a_wolf) ).
thf(31,plain,
a_wolf @ wolf,
inference(defexp_and_simp_and_etaexpand,[status(thm)],[3]) ).
thf(73,plain,
$false,
inference(e,[status(thm)],[69,56,52,61,65,39,35,40,42,37,46,57,29,45,32,34,44,59,27,71,54,48,63,50,67,31]) ).
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%----ORIGINAL SYSTEM OUTPUT
% 0.00/0.04 % Problem : PUZ031-1 : TPTP v9.3.1. Released v1.0.0.
% 0.00/0.11 % Command : java -Xss128m -Xmx2g -Xms1g -jar /export/starexec/sandbox/solver/bin/leo3.jar /export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p -t 300 -p --atp eprover=/export/starexec/sandbox/solver/bin/externals/eprover --instantiate 39
% 0.21/0.47 % Computer : n010.cluster.edu
% 0.21/0.47 % Model : x86_64 x86_64
% 0.21/0.47 % CPU : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2620 v4 @ 2.10GHz
% 0.21/0.47 % Memory : 8046.5625MB
% 0.21/0.47 % OS : Linux 6.8.0-71-generic
% 0.21/0.47 % CPULimit : 300
% 0.21/0.47 % WCLimit : 300
% 0.21/0.47 % DateTime : Sat Sep 26 05:06:14 UTC 2026
% 0.21/0.47 % CPUTime :
% 0.21/0.47 Running java -Xss128m -Xmx2g -Xms1g -jar /export/starexec/sandbox/solver/bin/leo3.jar /export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p -t 300 -p --atp eprover=/export/starexec/sandbox/solver/bin/externals/eprover --instantiate 39
% 1.24/1.17 % [INFO] Parsing problem /export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p ...
% 1.63/1.47 % [INFO] Parsing done (292ms).
% 1.63/1.49 % [INFO] Running in sequential loop mode.
% 2.75/2.11 % [INFO] eprover registered as external prover.
% 2.75/2.12 % [INFO] Scanning for conjecture ...
% 3.03/2.25 % [INFO] Found a conjecture (or negated_conjecture) and 25 axioms. Running axiom selection ...
% 3.16/2.35 % [INFO] Axiom selection finished. Selected 25 axioms (removed 0 axioms).
% 3.35/2.40 % [INFO] Problem is propositional (TPTP CNF).
% 3.35/2.40 % [INFO] Type checking passed.
% 3.35/2.41 % [CONFIG] Using configuration: timeout(300) with strategy<name(default),share(1.0),primSubst(3),sos(false),unifierCount(4),uniDepth(8),boolExt(true),choice(true),renaming(true),funcspec(false), domConstr(0),specialInstances(39),restrictUniAttempts(true),termOrdering(CPO)>. Searching for refutation ...
% 5.57/3.32 % External prover 'e' found a proof!
% 5.57/3.32 % [INFO] Killing All external provers ...
% 5.57/3.32 % Time passed: 2699ms (effective reasoning time: 1821ms)
% 5.57/3.33 % Axioms used in derivation (25): there_is_a_caterpillar, snail_smaller_than_bird, there_is_a_snail, caterpillar_food_is_a_plant, there_is_a_bird, snail_is_an_animal, fox_is_an_animal, there_is_a_fox, bird_eats_caterpillar, bird_smaller_than_fox, grain_is_a_plant, there_is_a_wolf, caterpillar_smaller_than_bird, fox_smaller_than_wolf, bird_dont_eat_snail, wolf_dont_eat_fox, wolf_is_an_animal, eating_habits, caterpillar_eats_caterpillar_food, wolf_dont_eat_grain, snail_food_is_a_plant, bird_is_an_animal, snail_eats_snail_food, caterpillar_is_an_animal, there_is_a_grain
% 5.57/3.33 % No. of inferences in proof: 53
% 5.57/3.33 % SZS status Unsatisfiable for /export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p : 2699 ms resp. 1821 ms w/o parsing
% 5.81/3.41 % SZS output start Refutation for /export/starexec/sandbox/benchmark/theBenchmark.p
% See solution above
% 5.81/3.41 % [INFO] Killing All external provers ...
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------